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AFR. SUDAN R 561 d ^i^ &n^i( Ai^/i;
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
or THE
PEABODY MUSEUM OF AMERICAN
ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETHNOLOGY
TRANSFERRED
Wldener Library
Received
April 4,
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\
I
/
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HAUSA-ENGLISH DICTIONARY
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EonDon: C. J. CLAY and SONS,
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE,
AVE MARIA LANE.
AND
THE SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE,
NORTHUMBERLAND AVENUE, CHARING CROSS.
«l8saota: C. J. CLAY and SONS, 263, AROYLE STREET.
%tiniai F. A. BROOKHAUS.
^cfD lorft: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.
iiombsfi: E. SEYMOUR HALE.
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DIOTIONAEY
OF THE
HAUSA LANGUAGE
BT
CHARLES HENRY ROBINSON M.A.
TRIMITT COLLEGE, OAKBBIDOB
LBOTUBEB IN HAUSA IN THE UNIVEBBITT OF OAMBBIDOB
HONOBABT CANON OF BIPON
ASSISTED BY
W. H. BROOKS B.A.
LATE HAUSA 80H0LAB OF CHBIST'S COLLBOB
TTBWHITT*8 HEBBBW 80H0LAB IN THE UNIVEB8ITT OF OAMBBIDOB
STUDENT OF THE HAUSA ASSOCIATION
VOL. I
HAUSA-ENGLISH
CAMBRIDGE
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS
1899
[AU Righti reserved]
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Camiinlise:
PRINTED BY J. AND C. P. CLAY,
AT THB UMIYBRSITY PRESS.
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imi i«pii ju,PBiui.. «ii i^«b9^i^. • ll^
FRATRI • MEO
STVDIA AB • IPSO • FELICITER • INSTAVRATA
MORTE • INTERCEPTA
TANDEM PRO • VIRIBVS • MEI8 • COMPLETA
DEDICO
SVMMO • DESIDERIO
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4
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PREFACE.
THE Hausa language is, as far as tropical Africa is concerned, Import-
undoubtedly the language of the future. Spoken as it the Hausa
already is by one per cent, of the population of the globe and I^^nguage.
with every prospect of obtaining a still wider currency in the
near future, it seems almost incredible that it should have been
so little studied in the past. The disgrace, if such it be, of this
neglect rests almost entirely upon our fellow-countrymen, who
from the days of Mungo Park onward have from time to time
penetrated, if not to the centre of the Hausa-speaking country,
at least to the borders of it. The fact that within the last few
years England has included the whole of this vast area within
her sphere of influence, which means that the future of this great
race lies so to speak in our hands, renders the publication of a
Hausa-English dictionary the more urgent. Before beginning to
explain the method adopted in the compilation of the present
work it will be well to state under what auspices the work has
been carried out and to what extent it is based upon the labours
of others who have gone before.
The task of compiling this dictionary has been accomplished Origin of
under the auspices and direction of the Hausa Association. On w^k.°
the death in 1891 of the Rev. John Alfred Robinson, M.A.
(a brother of the author), in the employment of the C.M.S. at
Lokoja, a committee was formed in London to perpetuate his
memory and carry on his work '' by providing for a thoroughly
scientific study of the Hausa language." The present committee
of the Association contains such representative names as the
Archbishops of Canterbury and York, the Commander in Chief,
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Vlll
PREFACE.
Previous
Vocabu-
laries.
DrSchon'
work.
Diffi-
culties
under
which he
laboured.
the President of the Royal Geographical Society, the Governor
of the Royal Niger Co., and the President of the London
Chamber of Commerce, in addition to those of the well-known
philologists Professor Max Miiller and Dr Peile. The expedition
which the author was enabled to make to the centre of the Hausa
country for the purpose of studying the language and collecting
native manuscripts with a view to compiling a dictionary was
carried out under the direction of this committee.
The first vocabulary of the Hausa language was that drawn
up by Mr Richardson, the leader of the expedition which reached
the Hausa country by crossing the Sahara desert from Tripoli.
The list of words sent home by Mr Richardson before his death
was printed by the Foreign Office, but was so short and
incomplete as to be practically of no value. Dr Earth, who
afterwards took charge of Mr Richardson's expedition, published
in 1862 a series of linguistic notes on Hausa and several other
central African languages. This work is of considerable interest,
though from the nature of the case extremely incomplete from
the point of view of a vocabulary. The only other vocabulary
deserving of notice, and by far the most important of all, is that
I published by Dr J. F. Schon, a missionary of the C.M.S. in 1876,
with an appendix published in 1888. Dr Schon may justly be
regarded as the pioneer of Hausa study. He learnt the language
from some freed slaves in Sierra Leone, and afterwards took part
in the Government expedition which ascended the R. Niger in
1841. Unfortunately he was never able to penetrate into the
Hausa country; and, as he afterwards spoke of himself as having
reduced to writing a hitherto unwritten language, he was ap-
parently unaware at the time he wrote that the Hausas possessed
any kind of literature or that they had long ago adopted, with
some modifications, a form of the Arabic alphabet as their own.
Another difficulty under which Dr Schon laboured was his lack
of acquaintance with the Arabic language. In dozens of instances
words and expressions have been entered either in the dictionary
or appendix as Hausa, which are quite common in Sudanese
Arabic, but are unknown to the Hausas of the interior. Dr Schon's
inability to recognize them as Arabic, when they were suggested
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'1
PREFACE. IX
to him by Arabic-speaking Hausas, coupled with his want of
opportunities for verifying them by personal contact with Hausas
who had never come under Arab influence, made it inevitable
that such words should be inserted. An attempt has been made
in this dictionary to point out as far as possible in each case
where a word used by the Hausas has been derived from, or is
obviously connected with, a word in Arabic or any other language.
There are a great many words in Hausa which are pronounced
and spelt in four or five diflferent ways in diflerent parts of the
country or even at difierent times by the same people. In these
cases Dr Schon has entered them as separate words without
supplying any cross-references, of which his entire work does
not, I think, contain half a dozen. By grouping such words
under one or more heads and inserting altogether nearly two
thousand cross-references from one part of the dictionary to
another, an attempt has been made to avoid the confusion
produced by the former plan. Considering the difl&culties under
which Dr Schon laboured, his work is deserving of the very
highest commendation. The present work is the result of a Compila-
careful study of that published by Barth and by Schon, and of present
about six years' independent study of the language in Hausaland, ^°^^-
in N. Africa and in England. Whilst living amongst the Hausas in
the heart of their country, I went through the whole of Schon's "
dictionary, verifjdng or rejecting every entry and adding a large
proportion of new words. The MSS. which were obtained in
Hausaland, some of which have since been published, furnished
many new words and the means of verifying others. These MSS.
have also provided a trustworthy standard of Hausa orthography,
or rather they have served to show how far a fixed and uniform
standard has as yet been formed. As these MSS., which were
published under the title of Specimens of Hatisa Literature^ are Specimens
constantly referred to and quoted in this dictionary, I would ^ii^ra^^
like to add to the introduction published with them one or two *w^«-
further explanatory statements in order to facilitate the use of
this dictionary in translating them. In the Specimens I have
given a facsimile of the Hausa MSS., an English translation,
and in addition, on the pages opposite to the translation, a
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X PREFACE.
transliteration in Roman characters. In this transliteration an
attempt has been made, not to reproduce the original letter by
letter, but rather to give the sound of these poems, which were
written down line by line as I heard them chanted in the heart of
the Hausa country. As might naturally be expected, a careful
comparison of a transliteration so formed with the original MSS.
reveals a large number of apparent inconsistencies of spelling.
The student who desires to see the poems as they were written,
rather than as they appeared to be pronounced in Kano, is
referred to the facsimile of the original MSS. In all quotations
from the Specimem introduced into this work (where, to save
expense, I have not reproduced the original characters), I have
tried to represent the exact sound of the words as written, instead
of giving the transliteration printed in the Specimens. Of the
apparent inconsistencies between the Hausa originals and the
transliteration given in the Specimens the commonest relates to
the representation of the Hausa vowel ^-. This should
properly be pronounced like the Italian e or like the English
a (in cake) ; but in common conversation in and round Kano, and
still more in the chanting of songs, this e is pronounced like the
Italian i. In a considerable number of cases in these poems and
in many other specimens of writing obtained by me in Hausaland,
this vowel is written, as well as pronounced, i ; many Hausas in
fact use the vowel ^- to represent the sound both of e and i.
Others again use ^^- to express the sound e, thus, D 17 j^X^ for
\^y 24 ^j^ for ^jt> ; cf. also D 8, 91, etc. The most correct
representation of the sound is undoubtedly ^— .
Hausa The above remarks apply in part to the elementary Hausa
Grammar. Grammar recently published. As stated on p. 122, I have tried
in the grammar to represent the sounds most commonly heard
in Kano where, even in the case of the substantive verb ' to be,'
it seems impossible to say whether the sounds more frequently
used by the common people are niy hi and cAi, or nSy he and che.
In the dictionary I have taken as the standard of correctness the
written forms, though I have pointed out the cases where these
diflfer from the colloquial. I have also for the sake of greater
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PREFACE. XI
exactness made use of the form ^[^-7 to represent the sound of the
Italian e instead of using ^^- , as some Hausas do, to represent
both e and i. The grammar was intended for beginners, many
of whom will probably never attempt to get beyond the colloquial ;
the present work will, it is hoped, be of use not only to beginners
but to genuine students of the language.
In order to suit the requirements of both classes I have
transliterated every word in the dictionary so that it may be
of use even to those who have not learnt the distinctive Hausa
alphabet. I have not thought it worth while to transliterate
the Arabic, as beginners, who have not mastered the Hausa and
Arabic characters, would not presumably take much interest in
suggested derivations from Arabic. I have, somewhat reluctantly, Order in
arranged the words in the order of the English alphabet, and ^^^ ^®
this for two reasons ; 1. to have adopted the genuine Hausa arranged,
order, i.e. the order of the Arabic alphabet, would have been
to render the book entirely useless to the beginner; 2. there
are several letters in Hausa which are pronounced exactly alike
and are frequently interchanged, e.g. u« = ^ = 5, ^ = \J = ky
h=j=z, ^ = M = h. In Arabic these letters have distinct sounds
and they do not follow each other in alphabetical order. If the
words had been arranged according to the order of the Hausa,
i.e. the Arabic, alphabet, the English student, who would be
unable to decide from the sound under which letter to look,
would in many cases have to search under two or even three
headings in diflFerent parts of the book in order to find any
particular word. The present arrangement is the only one
which would obviate this difficulty.
There are a considerable number of words in Hausa which Double
are generally or always pronounced as though they possessed a ^^^^'
double consonant but in which .the reduplication is not written
in the original. Thus the Hausa for ' near ' is written ktisa ^^^^A
but is pronounced kussa. In these cases the second of the two
consonants is placed in a bracket, but the letter in a bracket does
not aflfect the alphabetical arrangement; thus kus{s)a will be
found before kmhe. The general rule in Hausa is that all words Feminine
ending in a in addition to all words denoting female objects are ^®° ®^*
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xu
PREFACE.
Cross-re-
ferences.
System of
trans-
literation.
of the feminine gender. As this rule is so nearly universal I
have only pointed out the exceptions, cf. rana sun, sc^fe evening.
In some instances there are four or five distinct ways of writing
and pronouncing what is obviously the same word, cf. kurji,
goraka, kobri, 8ab{b)ero. All the variations will be found given
under what appears to be the original or the commonest form,
cross-references being provided from each variation.
The system of transliteration adopted is that originally
propounded by the Royal Geographical Society. It has been
sanctioned by the British and by most of the continental
governments for the representation of geographical names. The
general principle is that all vowels are to be pronounced as in
Italian, all consonants as in English.
The following is a brief sketch of the system of transliteration
adopted, a more complete account of which will be found in the
Hausa Grammar.
Names,
t {(dif)
O t
i» ch
^'
h
> d
J ^
J ^
CI- «
^ sh
^jo d or I
k t8
c (ain)
Pronunciation in Hausa.
English 6.
„ L
Soft ch as in * church.'
English j,
„ strong A, the same as h.
„ strong h.
„ z, the same as z.
„ 8f the same as §.
„ sh.
„ 8.
„ d or I, cf. under d in Dictionary.
„ to or less commonly as hard t
English hard ^ as in ^ gate.'
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PREFACE.
Names.
Pronnnoiation in Hansa.
O k
English
A;, the same as seq.
J k
9)
ky the same as prec.
Jl
»
I
J^ tn
99
m.
on
»
n.
h
9}
h.
3 ^
»
w.
iS y
M
y-
XUl
The letters alif and ain are used in Hausa simply as the Alif and
bearers of the vowel-sounds and are frequently interchanged, ^^'
cf. ita Ot and c^ she ; the presence of an alif does not at all
necessarily imply that the syllable is long or that the accent
rests on that syllable. The letter © ain is but rarely used by
the Hausas except in words which they have borrowed from
Arabic. Many words when they stand at the end of a line
or a sentence, especially in poetry, have a final t alif or ^ y
which they would not otherwise take, and which is therefore
omitted in the dictionary.
The vowel-sounds used by the Hausas are: a « as in ' father,' Hausa
e ^jfr pronounced like a in ' fate^' ^t or ^ as i in 'ravine* or ^^^^ ®*
ee in 'feet,' t a shortened e or i, e.g. v^UJ litafi or letaji, writing;
it is also used for i in a closed syllable, i.e. when it is preceded
and followed by a consonant as in links iJCJ, to roll up. When
^ occurs in a closed syllable it is sometimes pronounced a as in
' rag/ sometimes ^ as in ' beg,' thus /arifet w^^, very white.
The long vowel o is written j- or occasionally j— , thus ^^j rogo,
^•^ ^
to ask ; Uji>^ sarota, kingdom ; o in a closed syllable is written
" • "'
1, thus Ui& konga, a plain ; the sound «/ as in ' flute ' is written
>i, or occasionally 1, thus y^Lf samu, to find; t^ in a closed
^ » J
syllable is written 1, thus rmiska \Sim^, musk.
^ In modem Arabic the sound of the Italian e is often represented thus
l-I » c^» Wright's Ar, Or, i. 6, rem. c. " The sound of \S inclines in later
' times and in certain localities from a to i, just as that of fatha does from
^ to ; ; this change is called ^U^t al-imala^ the deflection/'
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XIV PREFACE.
Diph- The diphthongs are ai (^— pronounced like i in * nice/ thus
thongs. 1^*^ , . •"
Ue-* maita, witchcraft ; au j— pronounced like ow in * how/ thus
\3yi bauta, slavery; and ^1 oi pronounced like oi in 'loiter/
thus ^yC^ bokkoi, seven; iu^ like ew in 'few/ shiufit silence.
Acoenta. As the emphasis laid on diflFerent syllables diflFers a good deal
in diflferent localities I have made very spaing use of accents,
only employing them where the emphasis to be placed upon a
syllable is very pronounced or specially liable to be misplaced.
Hamza. The sign hamza » which the Hausas have borrowed from the
Arabs, and which denotes the cutting off of the stream of breath
which can precede or follow a vowel, is only used irregularly by
the Hausas. Thus abinda occurs with hamza in B 32 but
without it in B 57, <?w occurs without hamza in B 48 but with it
in B 54. The hamza sometimes occurs by itself without either I
or 6. I have however inserted the hamza wherever it would be
inserted in correct writing.
Modifica- The following are specimens of the changes which many
Arabic Arabic words and letters undergo when adopted into Hausa,
article. }qo\\x in regard to their writing and pronunciation.
The Ar. article appears in Hausa : 1. Unchanged from the
Ar. form, e.g. alkali ^^^-oi^t, Ar. id., judge; aljenna U%Jt, Ar. id.,
paradise ; addini O^bS, Ar. C)^y religion ; cf also addua^ annabi^
annahanchi. 2. As the letter /, e.g. lada b^>, Ar. 5>U, wages,
pay; lokachi ^Ji^^y Ar. cuij, Kanuri fote, time; laya l^j'^, Ar.
^t, a writing, a charm ; lisha UJ, Ar. lUjJt, late evening. 3. As
the letter a, e.g. azuhur-kx, jt^^ afternoon. 4. With closer
assimilation in the case of words containing /, e.g. allewa \y^\,
Ar. {£y^i sweetmeats; v. under u^.
Some of these Arabic words appear in Hausa both with and
without the article, though occasionally with a slight difference
of meaning, e.g. aia, ada^ amrUy alameri. In the same way we
employ in English koran and alkoran, kali (as in lemon-kali)
and alkali. For modifications of the Arabic article in English
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PREFACE. XV
similar to those found in Hausa we may note alcohol which
appears in Hausa as kulli (antimony), alkali, almacantar, and
almagest. This last which is used in astronomy to denote
Ptolemy's great collection of problems, is a combination of the
Arabic article J! and the Greek /xcytorry ' greatest.'
An interesting example of the modification of the Arabic
alphabet in a manner closely parallel to what occurs in Hausa
is afforded by the history of the Greek afifii^ * goblet ' : borrowed
9 0$ 9 6i
by the Arab chemists it appears as U^\ and «2LJt ambikun
which, with the Ar. article, is seen in the French alambic, Eng.
alembic, while a further reduction of the article gives the
English limbeck, Italian lambicco. Illustrations of this assimi-
lation and disappearance of the article may be found in the
European languages themselves, thus, Eng. newt = an ewt, an
adder = a nadder^ : Eng. ounce (a lyax) Fr. once. It. lonza :
Eng. manatee (a sea cow) Fr. lamantin.
A reduplicated consonant in Arabic often appears in Hausa Rednpli-
as a single consonant followed by an alif, thus kal{l)i ^i\S, to Arabic
fi^ ^ I ^ ^ Si ^ conso-
disregard = Ar. kalla ^J^ ; sdbe ^^U«», to revile = Ar. sabba ^,.w. nants.
Conversely a syllable, originally long, appears in Hausa as one
ending in a double consonant; thus dajffa si>, to cook = Ar. sfb ;
fatilla !^2?, lamp = Ar. ^J^,
The Ar. v ^ frequently appears in Hausa as/s^, occasionally Changes
as 7» ^ ; thus Ar. tobun ^yi becomes H. tufa l?p, a shirt ; derived
Ar. labada jlJ, H. lufvdi ^M^, a coat of mail ; Ar. rakubun Arabic.
V>^j> H. rakumijjS^y camel.
Ar. w» ih is regularly pronounced ch in Hausa, thus H.
chahwra, Ar. j>t^, trouble; occasionally however it appears as
^ O or 5 ^, thus Ar. c^} thahata, H. C^ tabbeta, to continue ;
Ar. JUL-o, H. JJLm^ miskaly a weight.
Ar. ^ M sometimes appears in Hausa as alif \ ; sometimes it
1 An interesting parallel to this is seen in mod. Ar. itself, comparing
^xa) * viper* with the classical Ar. w*?^! 'the viper,'
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XVI PREFACE.
disappears altogether, thus Ar. •-^j rabahha, H. Wj riba, un-
lawful gain.
Ar. «;. kh is often changed to A p, thus Ar. khamasa u*«^,
H. hummhi ^tn^m, tax ; the Ar. hhasratun l^m^ appears m
Hausa under the three forms: hasara tjl«M»>, asa/ra tjCt and
tascm jUJ, loss ; the Hausa word labdri j\f^, news, comes from
the Ar. hhabwnm j^, the article having first been prefixed and
then assimilated; cf. 2Xm fa8{s)o y^^, chapping, from Kr./asikha
9-«^; jovm U^, pride, from Kr, fakhuma j^m^.
Ar. hdk Olds is pronounced z in Hausa, occasionally however
it appears as H. cA w» or H. J» ts, thus Ar. dsoroj^, H. cA^o ^j^
or ^5(?ro jj^, fear; Ar. jJu^\, H. chukuma/ra \j^y cheese ; the
Hausa word jj5t, i.e. the Ar. \^\, is usually pronounced idan\
cf. also H. dffra !;>, cubit, from Ar. dsira'un ^\jy
Ar. ^ s sometimes changes to Hausa sh j!* before i, thus
Ar. sunnatun iw, H. skin(n)i ^y^, knowledge.
Ar. u^ s may appear in Hausa as 2; 3, ^ J, ^^ J* or j *•, thus
Ar. 5aft6a ^,.w, H. 2;«^a ^.^^ or zttba ^j ; Ar. sarihhun 9^j^y
H. ^^an ^^P», pure ; Ar. saumun »«, H. azumi ^Sl, a fast ;
« «• 11^
Ar. kadrtmjttcS, H. ^cyV^ i£;i*^ifc, short.
Ar. (^ palatal df is often written and pronounced in Hausa
as d >, thus H. J^ada >U, to judge, from Ar. ^^^-ai ; H. y^t;^ j^,
to consent, from Ar. t^j ; H. rubda j^j, to crawl, from Ar. u^j-
In a few instances the u^ is changed by the Hausas to J /, thus
H. J^i? fululuy arrogance, from Ar. J>^ ; H. alale /j'lJt,
as
trouble, from Ar. u^\. Sometimes the u^ is retained in the
jj
written Hausa but is pronounced as /, thus \ycti luUo, purifica-
tion, from Ar. ty^3 with article prefixed. As an instance of the
variety brought about by the juxtaposition of the / J of the Ar.
article and u^, cf. in Diet, under allowa, alwal{l)a, a/rwaUa and
luUo, all derived from Ar, ti^. *
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PREFACE. XVU
At. J» emphatic t is regularly pronounced ts in Hausa, e.g.
tsaka Ua», midst; tsaya ^J^, to stand. Occasionally in borrowed
words the proper Ar. pronunciation is retained, thus H. C>^t^
shaitan. An Ar. J» sometimes appears in Hausa as O, e.g.
H. ^asa L»U, cup, from Ar. i-J* ; H. butulshi ^^jtX24, ingratitude,
9 J
from Ar. JJa^. A tendency to pronounce J» as > may be seen
1. in the substitution of the latter for the former in words
borrowed from the Arabic, e.g. H. skeradi ^j/^, an agreement,
from Ar. iojJ^ ; 2. by using J» to express the Hausa > d, e.g. in
G 2 iLi? = I JL?, fight, so too (Ji9 is used for li>, one ; cf. If. Spec.
p. 107, note.
Ar. J» weak emphatic s appears in Hausa writing 1. un-
changed, e.g. A 50 y^5^U» (pronounced tsalimchi), deceit, from
Ar. rt^Jli* ; 2. as J», with which it is then more or less identified
in pronunciation, e.g. H. tsalimi ^U», also from the Ar. rt j^^,
3. Hausa foims of the same origin show as well i z, e.g. B 59,
E 36, ztdumi ^^i, doubt, fear. 4. In the Hausa word minzeri
^^ij-u, spectacles, fr. Ar. spsUe, the J^ has become z j. This
weakening of the sibilants renders it sometimes difficult or
impossible to decide with certainty the exact origin of words
derived from Arabic, thus aznr/a Ifjjjt, silver, is probably derived
from the Ar. rt s^^ (^ suggested in the Diet), but it may
possibly come from the Ar. vj^ ; in either case the initial letter
in Hausa represents an attenuated form of the Ar. article.
At. ft ain. As a general rule, to which however there are
numerous exceptions, the occurrence of this letter in a Hausa
word suggests that it is borrowed from Arabic. Its occurrence in
words which have been definitely incorporated into the Hausa
language does not aifect the pronunciation, and no mark has
therefore been used to represent it in transliterating. In words
merely borrowed from the Arabic and where the Arabic pro-
nunciation is retained its presence is marked by '. The Hausas
constantly interchange q and t, thus we have ido ^j^ and >>!,
B. b
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KJ
\
XVlll
PREFACE.
Hausa
Phono-
loot.
Labials.
eye; ita \2^ and Uj, she; ishe ^^^Ac and ^1, to reach. In
C22, 23 what was once the Ar. article is spelt with ©, thus
alkaweli ^^^, agreement. From the Ar. allama j^ the
Hausas get halama j^^^y to mark.
Ar. sJ k,\, may either remain as it is in Hausa or be written
as A; ^, the pronunciation being the same in either case, thus
H. kal(l)e j^^ and kal(I)i ^^U, to disregard, from Ar. Ji,
H. /(mki sJLil? or fasiki JL^^, a profligate, from Ar. uLil^ ;
2. it is sometimes represented by the Hausa g >, thus H. gi{fa
l?^, basket, from Ar. i^i, H. shirga fcp», to overcharge, from
Ar. ^jJ^. In the colloquial Arabic spoken in N. Africa and in
some parts of Arabia the Ar. sJ is frequently pronounced as g.
Ar. d A, the Ar. ^U^ shahiyatun appears in Hausa as ^mJJi»
shahu and ^^Ur ^Ao/?).
The treatment of the sound / v^ in Hausa causes much
variation in forms and is strongly characteristic of the language.
Generally speaking in Europe the /sound is produced by making
contact of the lower lip with the edge of the upper teeth and
forcing out the stream of air with audible friction of the passing
breath*. The Hausas however exhibit a tendency to avoid the
contact referred to. They simply draw the lips near one to
another, producing a 'bi-labial' fricative. In consequence of
this looser articulation the barrier between this and the other
labials is slight and on the least occasion, say, that of a following
/, p and 6. explosive, a labial stop jt? or 6 is heard instead of/ Thus a word
which, as we know, had originally our/ tvfka (Ar. out), to
plait, may be correctly pronounced tupka or tubka ; c£ also
hapshi habshi to bark.
sm
safko
tafki
sapko
tapki
tahki
tabshi
to start,
a pool,
soft.
* Dwight Whitney, Life and Growth of Language^ p. 64, Max MiiUer, 8c,
of Lang. ii. p. 148.
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PREFACE. XIX
Again the Ar. jl? pi. o!/st^> mouse, appears in Hausa as heray
A 44. Other examples of this fluctuation at the beginning of
words are,
falasa palasa to revile. / and p.
fansa pansa reward.
fasshe passhe to break.
Further, words which must have come into the language with
9 0^
h have sometimes changed this to /, e.g. Ar. 9^ sheik appears
as shefu C 46 note, so Ar. ^^^^^ as huja axfuja, excuse. Finally
an original / may be weakened to a mere breath, e.g. fir a
(cf. Ar. ^>j, to trump up falsehood), an untrue story, is also
found as Ura ; cf. also
fuda huda to pierce. / and K
fuska htiska face, B 171.
taffo tako to come, C 18, 19.
fudu hudu four.
In closed syllables the labial is often entirely vocalised*. Vocalised
The labial is then merged into a diphthong or vowel, thus, hafshi, ^*'*^*^^-
hattshi to bark, sahtu (orig. Pers. safta), sotu a trust, shipka,
shuka to sow.
The same slackness of articulation will explain cases like
zunufi = zunubi, Ar. ^i ; hawainya, Ar. ^Uj«*-, chameleon ;
rakumi, Ar. v^^J > camel ; samako, Ar. m-<0, to start. It
was noticed above that hafshi, to bark, appears also as habshi
and haushi. Equally complete absorption of an original b occurs
in Hausa alura = alibra = AT. ^j-i^^, needle.
In a similar way m is vocalised in damre, daure, dora to bind,
fasten up, zamna and zona to sit down. Hence it is probably
correct to refer the H. kauka (B 23, F 32) foolish, mad, to the
Ar. <JU^.
One of the most characteristic phenomena of Hausa pro- Labialigm.
nunciation is the tendency to labialise the sounds k and g. In k and g.
1 Cf. Ar. v^^ kaukab for ^S^.^ kabkab.
h2
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XX PREFACE.
connection with Indo-European languages its origin is described
by Dr Peile* : " it is the hardest of all consonants to pronounce,
and requires the most distinct articulation to keep the sound
pure from subsidiary breaths. If we pronounce it lazily without
fully opening the mouth, the result is that together with it a
. slight ir-sound is quite unconsciously pronounced, because the
position of the tongue is almost exactly the same for k and g as
for w, and if the lips be nearly shut an imperfect labial is
necessarily produced : the k on g sound is followed by a labial
after-sound, a ' halbvocalischer labialer Nachklang,' Corssen calls
it, though the sound is a genuine consonant*/' In the Indo-
European languages this labialism has resulted in a change of
the k or g into another consonant, e.g. Sanskrit gaus, Gr. jSov?,
0. H. G. chuo. In Hausa however this labialism is still in an
initial stage and the after-sound causes no actual change in the
consonant which it follows. In fact it is so unfixed that it may
be introduced or omitted at will. Thus it is equally correct to
say, koda or kwoda although, komi or kwomi an3rthing, koria or
ktcoria a gourd, taktvoshi or tarkoshi to go lame, ganda or gtvanda
a pawpaw, goza or gwaza a sweet potato, koi or kwoi an %gg.
The last example, if the identification with the Ar. \^^ chick,
and i^U e^, be right, shows how through force of custom the w
is treated as if it were not radical but parasitic, being omitted or
rejected at pleasure. In most though not all of the above
instances a ' rounded * vowel of the o, w, class follows the labia-
lised consonant. This may perhaps have tended to facilitate the
labialisation, though how far this has been so it is difficult to
say. The suggestion derives some support from the fact that in
a few words a y sound is at times heard after ^ or ^ when followed
by 'front' vowels (such as those in Eng. bell or bale). Thus we
may equally say ketu or kyetu a flint, kemru or kyemru a reed,
kenwa or kyanwa cat, gero or gyero corn.
^ Introd, to Ok, and Lot, Etymology^ p. 404.
* For farther diseussion of this principle of. Bragmann, Comp. Oram, of
the Indo-Oermanic Langs, i. 417 in Wright's translation, also Max MiUler,
Science of Language, ii. 272.
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PREFACfi. XXI
The Hausa language possesses the palatal ch (as in Eng. Palatals,
which), e,g. wonchom that, chiniJd trade, chiwo sickness, chocha
ant ; also sh (as in Eng. wish), e.g. ishirin twenty, shiga gusset,
and in addition their '* voiced counterparts " j (as in Eng. jungle),
e.g. jawo to draw, jefa to throw, and j pronounced as Eng. s and
z in leisure and azure, i.e. a kind of jh, e.g. aje truly. To these
must be added the " glide ** y whose affinity with the palatals is
exemplified in E 117 where junwa—yunwa hunger, cf. note ad
loc. How strong this tendency to palatalism is we may see in
the Hausa pronunciation of the Ar. ^, That of Arab speakers
varies much in different districts. Thus in Tripoli it is heard as
t, e.g. beid tndn two eggs, while in Egjrpt* it is pronounced either
as ^ or 5 and in Algiers* as ts. Prom whatever quarter Arabic
loan-words came into Hausa the attempt to diflferentiate w» from
O gave occasion to its palatalisation as ch*
The front vowels e, i, regularly change a preceding t into ch,
e.g. kotanta and hotanchi to compare; mata and mache a woman;
sata and sache to steal. This change is most clearly seen in the
case of participles, e.g. m. batacke, f batachia, pi. batatu spoiled ;
m. matache, f. matachia, pi. niatatu dead. Under the same
circumstances s becomes sh, e.g. tarsa, tarshe and ta/rshi to help ;
kassa and kasshe to kill ; hama and bahaushe Hausa.
The Hausas, as before remarked, pronounce J» as ts, but the
assibilation often leads to palatalisation, e.g. tsaga or chaga to
tear ; tsarki or ckarki purity ; see Diet, under chira etc. and H.
Spec, F 6 note, and for connection of these variations with dialect
cf. notes on F 125, 135, 159, 162, 192, 223. We may add as
further examples of fluctuating articulation in connection with
palatals : shikkin (A 9) = chikkin in ; shariri =jariri child ;
shere=jere line; shure=jure to kick; saurara = jurara to
listen.
Close relations subsist between the trilled (r) and lateral (/) Liquids,
semivowels^ In Hausa as in many other languages the one i and r.
1 Vollers and Burkitt, Mod. Egypt. Dialect, p. 8.
' Machuel, UArahe ParU, pp. 2, 4.
« Cf. Dwight Whitney, ibid. p. 66; Max Miiller, ibid. n. p. 186.
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XXU PREFACE.
sound readily runs into the other. Thus the change seen in
the Fr. armet, Eng. helmet, is common in Hausa, cf.
galgassa
gargassa
hairy.
galma
garma
a hoe.
lialbi
harbi
to shoot.
tsalka
tsa/rki
purity.
In open syllables too this lisping, like that satirised in
the Wasps (44) of Aristophanes, may frequently be heard, e.g.
iandn. fosala^fasa/ra to explain. Of the connection between / and
n we have instances in ladama-nadama repentance; limke =
nimka to fold. The commonest illustration is afforded by the
Hausa connective form, e.g. gonal = gonan 'garden of,' lakiralka*^
lakiranka thy future state. Compare It. alma contracted from
the Lat. anima. This / which has been substituted for n may
further change into r, e.g. dukiarka thy wealth, and duniarga
F 63, 71, 73.
d, I and r. In Latin d sometimes becomes r or /, e.g. nemo me dacrumis
(= lacrumis) decoret*, arbiter = adbiter ; a similar instance is
found in Algerian Arabic in the use of ^)l for iSl'; this latter is
most likely due to the influence of African speech. In Hausa
a d may change into an r, cf. fada=fad=far F 190 where
its occurrence at the end of the word probably assisted the
change. These illustrations suggest the reason why in at-
tempting to pronounce the Ar. palatal d ^ the Hausas
sometimes substitute for it I. In studying Hausa MSS. the
reader may occasionally come across an instance where, by a
mannerism of the writer, ^ is used instead of J in the spelling
of words like sarki king ^^uL^ when intended to be pronounced
as salki,
r and «. Of the interchange of r and s we have as examples
asna = arna heathen.
bisne = birna to bury.
kasbia = harbia pigeon.
1 Peile, ibid. p. 339.
s Machuel, ibid. p. 129.
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PREFACE. XXIU
With this may be compared the similar treatment of medial s
in Latin, e.g. mures = muses, mice.
The Hausa language has been compared to the Italian owing Terminal
to its preference for ending words with vowels. With a few ex- ^*'^®^^-
c^ptions, to be referred to later on, the Hausas seem to find a
difficulty in pronouncing consonants at the end of words. " The
difficulty is one which English-speakers can hardly realise, since
they allow freely every consonant in their alphabet (with the
accidental exception of the zh sound) at the end of a word, or of
a syllable, before another consonant ; but the Polynesian dialects,
for example, admit no groups of consonants anywhere, and
end every word with a vowel ; the literary Chinese has no final
consonant except a nasal ; the Greek none save v, <r, p {n, 5, r) ;
the Sanskrit allows only about half a dozen and almost never
a group of more than one; the Italian rarely has any final
consonant^"
The following are illustrations of variation and interchange Inter-
among the vowel sounds. ' voweF^
The change from u to i, whenever it does not arise from mere sounds
carelessness, seems to take place through a modification of the u
to a sound resembling the Pr. u or the Grerm. ii ; cf.
dvduge didigi heeL
fukafuki fikafike feather.
rufe rife to cover.
tulli tilli heap.
The rounding of a to is met with, e.g. a to o.
kewaye keicoye to go round.
tvfafi tvfofi shirts.
waje woje quarter.
An i is frequently transformed or degraded into an e, e.g. i to e.
dalishi dalashe to be blunt.
halhi halbe to strike.
tsiwa tsewa insolent.
When 8 is followed by the vowels e or i the effect is often the
palatalising of the consonant, e.g. tarsa, tarske, tarshi to help,
1 Dwight V^hitney, ibid. p. 72.
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assimila-
tion
xxiv pHEFACE.
fansa, fanshe to ransom. So also t becomes ch, cf. daidaita,
daidaiche to be or make similar, mata, mache woman, batache,
pi. batatu destroyed.
Short a. In the English vulgar pronunciation of 'yes' a sort of dull a is
heard. By the ear alone it is hard to tell whether the vowel be a
or e, as it really lies between them. Such an a or e, represented in
Hausa script by 1, is found in words such as here ^u, to leave ;
dere ^j>, night; ferko ^yty beginning; sayes yj^^^ to sell;
tsayesda ju » J», to detain.
Vowel The influence of vowels on other vowels when separated from
them by consonants is seen in the change from Eng. man to men
owing to the former presence of an i vowel in the plural ending*.
In the word men the a of the singular was never wholly lost but
was modified tiirough anticipation of the i of the plural ending.
But in Hausa and in some of the other African languages this
assimilation is carried to a much greater degree. We meet with
introduction or substitution due to a feeling for assonance and
made in obedience to a harmonic law. This is most clearly
seen in the modifications of the preposition ma to, when
followed by suflSxed pronouns, e.g. mini = mani ; mumu = mamu ;
muku = maku ; mtisu = mam. Cases like fitilla =/atilla a lamp,
and kuruchia = kv/richia a dove, are perhaps illustrations of the
same principle ; cf. also mugvje = maguje fugitive.
Parasitic !« connection with liquids a parasitic vowel, generally assimi-
vowel with \2Xq^ to that of the syllable, is often introduced. Parallel cases
in other languages are periculum = periclum, lucinus = Xvxvos.
Examples in Hausa are :
girbi
giribi
to reap.
girma
girima
great.
sarki
sa/riki
king.
kurkono
kwrukimu
guinea-worm
sulkumi
surukvmi
bag.
zwrmi
za/rumi zaromi officer.
Doubling I^ a large number of instances where a vowel precedes and
it the latter is pronounced
1 Dwight Whitney, ibid. p. 71.
of con- follows a consonant the latter is pronounced with an emphatic
sonants. ^ '^
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PREFACE. XXV
stress as if doubled. This energetic doubling is found in Aramaic
and in Hebrew, e.g. Heb. constr. pL innebh^, grapes. In Hausa
we may compare, bakki black, sanni to know, cMkka to fill, gidcla
house, tokkos eight, godda to show, tsukke to chew. As before
stated, in these cases where the doubling of the consonant is
uncertain, or where it is pronounced but not written, the second
consonant will be found in the Dictionary with a bracket thus
bak{k)i There is, of course, a total diflFerence between this
varying energy of pronunciation and cases where, on the junction
of two words, the doubling is radical, cf.
san(n)i know, with sanni know me.
gan(n)i see, „ ganni see me.
The number of consonants which can be used at the end of a Final con-
word in Hausa is extremely limited.
The very few words which are found ending in b are Arabic, b.
e.g. magaruh west, ajvb wonderful.
/, the word ji/jif morning, B 56, is poetical ; alif thousand /.
is Arabic.
ky the chief and almost only example is duk all, an abbre- h,
viated form of duka. It is very often employed and the
preservation of the k seems helped by the emphasis natural to
its meaning ; so too with tutuk on which see below.
/, a final / occurs rarely, e.g. chisal a disease, ful and pul very l
many ; rotel a pound and kalal lawful are Arabic
m, there are a few instances of final m, e.g. anim be sought, m.
B 155, a poetical use, bam palm wine, bambam diflPerent, dabam
id., dcmkam for ever, dungum much. From the Arabic are
ha/ram lawful, kullum always.
n, final n is apparently but not really common. It is used, as n.
an abbreviated form of tm* of, as a connective, e.g. ahin mamaki a
thing of wonder, chikkin gidcla on the inside of the house, rawanin
sarauta badge of royalty. In the case of a proper name no diffi-
culty is felt, e.g. mdan ; for other instances cf. nany kerrin,
p, shakvp light, kutup kutup tottering, occur. In the latter p,
case the retention of the final p is aided by the repetition.
r, comparatively rarely used. In most instances where it r.
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XXVI PREFACE.
appears at the end of a word it is substituted for a connective
n, beri to leave is sometimes contracted to fer, cf. also bicMr
five, dakkir with difficulty, giger leg-irons, iddubar a red ass,
tvur very (red). Words derived from the Arabic are akbar great,
alhanzir boar, askcLr soldier, azukur afternoon.
<• s, this is the most commonly used of the final consonants :
examples are, akass down, akras file, kdas hot iron, tilas by
force, tvhhds certainly, s often appears suffixed to primary verbs
in order to produce secondary forms, cf.
ha bayes to give.
bata batas to destroy.
saye sayes to sell.
tuda tvdas to spill.
In many instances such forms have da appended to them, the
effect being to give to the word a causative meaning or otherwise
to modify its sense, e.g.
sanni to know, sanas to learn, sanasda to teach.
tara to bring together, taras to reach to, tara^da to come up
with.
The following words ending in s are Arabic : albaras leprosy,
albarus gunpowder, alzibbm gypsum, a/rsa>s a bullet, buss less.
t, t, the difficulty of pronouncing a word ending with a consonant
is nowhere more clearly manifested than in the case of a final t.
It alternates in this position with final /, n, and r, e.g.
biar bial biat five.
dakkir dakket with difficulty.
tutur tutul tutut tutuk for ever.
The word farifet very white, is probably to be explained in
this way as being equivalent to the reduplicated form farifar for
fa/rifa/rL So also mfar ioxfad-fadda fight, F 190, the dental is
interchanged with the final r.
Apocope. The following are illustrations of the shortening of final
vowels and syllables which is sometimes found.
dau and do for dauka to take.
dti for duka all.
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PREFACE. XXVli
fau up and hau to mount from hawa,
lai and lau very (well) from Ic^,
ma great for mainya, and ma to thee for maka.
ra and ran for rana day.
The following are instances of words common to Hausa and European
European languages, most if not all of which have come into HauMi!^
Hausa through the Arabic.
From Greek or Latin; zinaria gold, from Grk. dvfvdpiov,
Lat. denarius ; kauwera a flat place, Grk. x^pa ; sabuni soap,
Grk. a-diTiDv; taharda paper, Grk. x^P^V^-
From Italian ; bumbu a child carried on the back, probably
from It. bambino ; bindiga a gun, probably a corruption of
Venedigo (see under bindiga) ; augulu or agulu a vulture, from
It. aguglia Lat. aquila ; araha cheap, possibly from It. arra, Lat.
arrha earnest money.
From Spanish ; liar a dollar, apparently an inverted form of
rial ; tambari a drum, Sp. tambor, in Barbary j^-jJ.
From French ; kankanchi quarrelling, possibly an Arabicised
form of cancan idle gossip ; and perhaps sambazai sandal, from
Fr. savate.
German; talashi satin, cf Germ. Atlass fr. Ar. ^^JLfet.
The word takas a badger is the Lat. taxus, taxo (Augustine),
It. tasso. Germ, dachs. takanda sugar cane is the Ar. Sjoi,
Eng. candy, samfalwa a blue bead is probably the Ar. j-jA-^,
Eng. sapphire.
The most cursory study of this Dictionary will serve to show Connec-
to the Arabic scholar that there are not only numerous words between
borrowed direct from Arabic, but that there are also a large ^*^8* *°<i
^ Arabic,
number of idioms and of methods of word building and con-
struction which must have had a Semitic source uuless the hypo-
thesis be adopted that the Hausa language was itself Semitic.
This latter hypothesis may some day conceivably be established,
but at present the fact that two-thirds of the Hausa vocabulary
present no similarity to any Semitic language forms an almost
insuperable obstacle to the acceptance of this theory until such
time as a careful study of the surrounding languages, and more
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XXVlU PREFACE.
particularly of the languages which are spoken in and on the
borders of the Sahara Desert, e.g. Berber, Tuareg, Songai, etc.,
may prove either the existence or non-existence of connecting
links between Hausa and Arabic or any other Semitic language.
In the Specimens of Hausa I/Ueratare pp. x — xlv I have given
some reasons for supposing that a connection may be established
between Hausa, Berber and Coptic, a connection which if genuine
would seem to point to a sort of sub-semitic group of languages
spoken by a stream of immigrants from the east who entered
Africa at an earlier epoch than the Semites proper \
The question still remains in regard to the large number of
words which have obviously been borrowed or added to the Hausa
language from the Arabic language as it now exists, from what
exact sources did the Hausas obtain the words, so many of which
they have incorporated into their language ? The answer which
we should naturally expect to this question would be, from Arab
traders or travellers who many years ago may have visited the
country and have introduced articles previously unknown, leaving
behind not only the articles but their Arabic names. An exami-
nation of the Dictionary will however show that such an answer
is altogether incorrect. The majority of the Hausa pronouns
and many other words of everyday use though obviously derived
from Arabic are extremely unlikely to have been introduced by
traders. Several animals which were probably introduced from
Arabic-speaking countries do not appear to have Semitic names.
Moreover the Arabic words borrowed or incorporated by the
Hausas are not in most cases taken from the colloquial but from
the classical Arabic. The camel, for example, which is clearly an
animal introduced by Arabs, does not bear the name universal
amongst the Arabs, but is a modification of a word which is
sometimes used in classical Arabic for camel, cf. under rakumi,
A very large proportion of the words borrowed from Arabic and
now universally adopted by the Hausas have been borrowed from
^ For arguments for and against this suggested connection the student
may consult Benan, Histoire des langues simitiques i. 2, 89, Prof. Wright,
Contjp. Gramm, of the Sem, languages pp. 33 —34, Dwight Whitney, ib. pp.
248—253, Max MuUer, ib. p. 326.
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PREFACE. XXIX
written as contrasted with spoken Arabic, and not only from the
Koran but from other literary works current among the Arabs.
Mohammedanism had very little hold in Hausaland until the
beginning of the present century, whereas long before this it is
certain that the Hausa language contained many of the words
connected with Arabic roots which are now found in it.
It is just conceivable that the introduction of many Semitic
words into Hausa and some other West African languages may
be traced back as far as the Carthaginian expedition described in
the Periplm o{ Hanno. According to Pliny this was sent out
"Carthaginis potentia florente" (500 b.c.?). It consisted of
60 ships with 50 oars each, containing 30,000 men and women
colonists. That they reached as far as the Congo seems certain
from the description given of gorillas, three skins of which were
afterwards hung up in the temple of Kronos. The modem word
' gorilla ' is derived from this account^.
The Persian language, half of the vocabulary of which is
Arabic^ affords an illustration of how the Moslem carries with
him not only his religion but his language, but in this case the
Persians have been in contact with Islam for centuries. We can
but hope that a careful study of some of the other languages, by
which Hausa is surrounded, may ere long shed further light upon
the problem suggested at once by the similarity and dissimilarity
of the Hausa and Arabic languages.
The British and Foreign Bible Society have just issued the S. John
Gospel of S. John in Hausa. As this will probably be used by
students beginning to study the language, I should perhaps
explain how it came into existence. During my stay in Kano
in 1895, the most learned Hausa in the city, who was at the same
time an extremely good classical Arabic scholar, translated, at my
request, the Gospels of S. John and S. Luke from Arabic into
Hausa his own native language. The version just published
represents his translation with a certain number of corrections
which I have thought it necessary to make.
^ On the sahjeot of the ciroamnavigation of Africa, etc. of. Herod, n.
32, 33, lY. 42, 43 with Blakesley's notes, also Pomponias Mela, ui. 90, 94,
Pliny, NaL Hist, n. 67, v. 1, Cic. Tmc. v. 32, 90.
« Of. Duncan Forbes, Or, of the Penian Language^ p. 99, vi.
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XXX PREFACE.
Gonola- It remains for me to express my gratitude to those who have
so kindly helped in the somewhat laborious task of preparing this
work for publication. I am indebted to Mr Hermann Harris of
Alexandria for several suggestions and for reading over the proofs.
I am also indebted and that to a far larger extent to Mr Brooks,
whose name appears on the title-page. In addition to correcting
the proof-sheets he has suggested a large proportion of the
derivations from Arabic contained in the body of the work and
has helped me greatly in writing this preface. Without his help
the Dictionary could not have been published as soon as it has
been, nor would it have been nearly so complete. My special
thanks are due to the Royal Niger Company, to the Society for
Promoting Christian Knowledge, and to the Government of
Lagos, for grants which they have made towards defraying the
expenses of publication and to the Sjmdics of the Cambridge
University Press for undertaking the work.
CHARLES HENRY ROBINSON.
RiPON. September 1899.
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ABBREVIATIONS.
A, B, C, etc. =
: no. of piece in " Speci-
indef.
= indefinite.
mens of Hansa Lite-
intr.
intransitive.
rature."
1., 11.
line, lines.
abstr.
abstract.
lit.
Uterally.
aoo.
accQsatiye.
n.
noun, also = note.
adloc.
at that place.
n. ag.
noun of the agent.
adv.
adverb, adverbial.
n. verbi.
verbal noun.
aor.
aorist.
num.
numeral.
Ar.
Arabic.
ord.
ordinal.
anx.
anxiliary.
p.
page.
card.
cardinal.
particip.
participle, also = parti-
oansat.
causative.
cipial.
^cf.
compare.
pass.
passive.
comm.
common.
periphr.
periphrasis.
oomp.
compound.
phr.
phrase.
conj.
conjunctive, also = con-
pi.
plural.
junction.
prec.
preceding.
constr.
construct, construed.
prep.
preposition.
e.g.
for instance.
pres.
present.
etc.
et cetera.
prob.
probably.
expr.
expression.
prov.
proverb.
f.
feminine.
q.v.
which see.
fin.
at end.
recipr.
reciprocal.
fr.
from.
redupl.
reduplicated.
fract.
fractional.
refl.
reflexive.
gen.
generally.
rt
root.
Gk.
Greek.
seq., seqq.
followingarticle, articles.
Gr.,Gram.,
H. Gr.
Hausa Grammar.
spec.
specially.
Spec. Haus.
** Specimens of Hausa
ib., ibid.
in the same work.
Literature.'*
id.
the same.
subst. V.
the verb to be.
i.e.
that is.
V.
see.
* Cf. placed after any word does not necessarily imply that the word referred to
is the same word or derived from the same root. It is used quite generally.
N.B. A letter enclosed in a bracket, e.g. <^d)a, is usually, or at least occasion-
ally, pronounced, but is not written. The letters $, ;, ^, Z are written A;, «, z, I
except at the beginning of an article or in referring to it.
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CORRIGENDA AND ADDENDA.
a denotes the first and b the second column in the page.
P. 9 6, I. 35 ADD amma Lot, but.
P. 13 &, 1. 20 FOR kawa bead kaura.
P.
36 a, 1. 32
»»
to no
»i
on.
p.
41a, 1. 1
tt
a
6 ^
p.
43 6, 1. 17
»»
J-:^*
^ ^ ^
»>
J'^>
p.
44 a, 1. 4
it
•» .■»
»)
p.
46 a, fin.
>»
y^>
»f
>w^>-
p.
53 a, 1. 13
>»
akayi
♦ ♦
a^t/a.
p.
56 a, I. 17
ADD
fifiche, see mafifichi.
p.
57 a, I. 19
FOR
rata bead
rai ya.
p.
62 a, 1. 27
»»
at
))
. At.
p.
76 6, I. 28
ADD
Ar. 4^.
P, 76 6, 1. 31 fin. add cf. gafdka,
P. 187 6, 1. 6 FOR J9^^ BEAD J-*).
P. 192 6,1. 8
P. 213 6,1. 17
P. 222 a, I. 2
idkaiwi
anbelievers
sakainia.
believers.
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HAUSA DICTIONARY.
ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA TO VOL. I.
ADDENDA.
dalma W^, n. lead.
dalulu n. a small bottle, see lulu.
ffiche n. a fan, see mafuchi.
futo* y^i intr. v. to swim.
isgili* i«Xx m > P , tr. v. to mock.
jimrache* ^^J"^^, tr. v. to bear with anyone.
kififia Ij^aAa^, n. a tortoise.
kwadaye ^j£^, tr. v. to long after.
lizami or lezami ^{jJ, n. a horse's bit.
machewa* |>**««, n. bile.
matsorachi «i^^;Jbu«, n. cowardice.
musaya used with yiy to exchange.
toari j\^y n. cough; ytn «., to cough.
t«a{to adj. chaste = tsaha (?).
tsokali s^^^ or chokali yJ^yJ^ n. wooden spoon.
tuntuhe used with yi, to stumble.
zaki Jii\y n. sweetness, flavour.
CORRIGENDA.
a denotes the first and b the second colunm in the page.
P. 34&, 1. 9 FOB lamb read kid.
P. 406,1.21 „ CHJ^ „ CHjy
P. 43 6, 1. 17 „ J^3i „ jSiS.
P. T. O.
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p. 44a, 1. 11
FOR
^y>
REAP
3yy
P. 446, 1.29
It
man
»»
men.
P. 62 6, 1. 27
»»
san san
)*
sun san.
Oij
P. 76 6, 1. 28
ADD
cf. Ar. A^.
P. 796, 1. 22
FOR
READ
sj»j5.
P. 102 a, 1. 20
»>
is^
>>
^■
P. 104a, 1. 18
i»
\^^L
}>
'J*^-
P. 116 a, 1. 30
BEFORE kdsa INSERT ^«o ^U or.
P. 134 6, 1. 11
FOR
make
READ
made.
P. 137a, 1. 30
^C^
»»
P. 193 6, 1. 3
i,!JU
»»
b^.
P. 222 a, I 17
takura
)*
tankura.
P. 2376, 1.37
ka
)»
kai.
P. 245 6, 1. 14
u^'
»»
U^'-
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HAUSA DICTIONAEY.
Words to which ♦ is affixed are not in general use amongst the ffausas^
or are Arabic toords not dejmitely incorporated into ffausa.
a I, verbal prefix to denote pas-
sive voice of the present or
aorist tense, cf. also an, ana,
a or oa tt, no. The reduplicated
form is that most frequently
used, esp. in expressing dis-
approbation.
a t, at, to, in. It is almost equi-
valent to gay but of much less
frequent occurrence. It is
very often prefixed to the
prepositions gare^ chikkin, and
bissa. Prefixed to baya, gabba,
kasa, it is used adverbially,
thus ahaya behind, agabba in
front, aka^sa or akass on the
ground.
abada !j^!, cf. Ar. j^\ eternity,
ever; hal abada for ever, F
170.
abdwa \^^ (cf. Ar. ^Up a woollen
cloak), spun cotton, thick cot-
ton yam (cf. zarre thin cotton
thread). It is also applied
to the white cotton embroidery
on a tobe. — A piece of cloth
made of cotton.
u.
abduga \tj^\ or audiga L^>^t
(probably from Ar. iljuj to
card wool, with article pre-
fixed), cotton before it is spun.
The cotton plant is found
throughout a great part of
Hausaland.
,. • ^ ^^
ahin ^j^\ or ahu ^1, pi. ahvhua
^jjt it
\^^yi\ or abu ^t, thing. 1. fol-
lowed by da^ it is used as an
ordinary relative pronoun; cf.
Gr. 25, ahinda ha he so what
you wish; 2. followed by a
verb, noun, or preposition it is
used as an indefinite pronoun ;
thus abinchi anything to eat,
ahinaha anything to drink,
abinso a wish, desire, abin
mu/ma a cause for joy, aMn
bay a that which is behind;
3. it is used of living creatures;
thus, abin da rai anything
living, abin daji creatures of
the forest; 4. followed by
the personal pronoun it means
alone; thus, ha zona abinha
I
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«>^1
s^
remain by yourself, G 2 abin-
shi by himself alone.
ahinchewa^ \y^\ = ahin mamaki,
a marvel.
ahhi %£H^I, prosperity etc. ; cf. auki,
ahoiyi ^>^t, secretly, A 35 ; cf.
hoye,
ahohi ^^\^ fem. abokia \^^^\,
pi. abokai ^A^y!, friend;
ahokin gahha enemy, lit. friend
to the opposite side, ahokin
taffia fellow traveller.
abude ^>^^\, opened, openly; cf.
bvde.
jS
abu kaza \j^ ^\, so and so, such
and such a thing; cf. kaza,
^ ji ^
abuta U^^l, friendship.
abu If n, Kiy^\, f. a friend; cf. also
abokia.
acha \j\ (pennisetum typhoideum),
a small white grain, which is
ground and made into a kind
of porridge. It grows about
eighteen inches high, and two
or even three crops are raised
during the rainy season.
i r t
achi* ^\ (cf. (?) Ar. i^\ to grow
luxuriantly), grass, A 77 ; cf.
ha>chi,
dtchika, see chika.
ada t>U, cf. Ar. S>U, religious
observance, custom, manner ;
kamada adanau according to
their custom ; cf. tada,
adaioa t^^t, sometimes used for
tadaioa ink; cf. Ar. St^^ ink-
stand.
addmi* O^jJI, Ar. ^y religion,
creed, worship, B77, 136; mai
addini a religious person.
^ it ^ ^ ^
addua UjJ! (i.e. Ar. U> with
article prefixed), prayer; yin
addiM to pray, D 2.
adiko 3X>>t, a handkerchief tied
up so as to form a bag.
adila IJb^t or adilan kaya (cf. Ar.
JjLP equilibration of the two
sides of a load), a heavy load,
a large basket for salt two of
which form a donkey load, a
load of cloth given as a pre>ent.
adilchi wJj^, cf. Ar. Jj^, right-
eousness, justice.
ado ^JLP or j>1, pi. adodi ^^^JiP,
beauty, show, splendour of .
dress; cf. riguna na ado beau-
tiful garments, F216, 238.
adua \^\ or adwa l^^l (balanites
aegyptiaca), a thorny tree '
from which gum is obtained,
its fruit is edible, its gum is
called kwaron adua,
aduda*f cf. macLdvda*y B 122
X 4 ^ «'
^j^^jjLA reckoned up, from
St ^
Ar. JLP to reckon.
af{f)i sAft, cf. Ar. rt yift (cf.
also under Iqfia); yin ajffl to
make a slight inclination of
the head, to bow; it is also
used to denote the native
custom of prostrating the body
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^^
lS^
and placing earth upon the
head in token of submission.
afko yZft, desolation, destruction
(possibly from Ar. iUI^t), cf.
B 93, note; maiafkawa about
to fall or be destroyed; cf.
B142, 105.
afko* ^\y Ar. AX^t, a lie.
#» J ^ •
afua t^Afr, cf. Ar. rt ^jft, restora-
tion to health, becoming better ;
samu afua to recover, F 78
note, 177 ; cf. af{f)% lafia,
agaga kM'Sy tottering, B 109, pro-
bably a passive form of gage
to be stiff.
agaisheka dXJ^t, hail ! a very
common form of salutation;
cf. gaishe.
agala, see akala,
agana UUt, smallpox; cf. zan-
zana.
agola ^^\ stepfather (?).
agua \^\ wild dove with dark
ring round its neck.
a^vluy vulture; cf. angulu.
agwagwa \^^^t turkey, probably
onomatopoetic ; cf. talaialu,
ahaifa U^t, cf. Ar. ^a^, claw of
animal, finger-nail.
•i ^t ^ ^ ^ t
aharus sj^j^y f* aharaaa K^j^y
a brown horse.
ai ^1, At. id. verily, indeed, B 79,
F136.
aia l^t, the grain or fruit of a
grass or reed from which a
sweetmeat called dahM is
made ; cf . (?) aya.
aiar* j^\, Ar. d^\ a verse of the
Koran, F 161 ^a aiar adhulu
and the verse * enter '; cf. aya,
aibu ^*ifi, Ar. id. spot, blemish,
fault, used in regard to men it
denotes a worthless fellow.
aika^ to send, to do ; cf . aiki,
aikata CJ^t, to do, to act, A 85;
cf . also aiki,
aiki «iL;t, pi. ayuyuka Ush!^ ayuka
\S:^\ (F 139), aikoki ^>^t or
aikuna U^jl (F 140), labour,
work, act ; yin aiki to labour,
to work, aikin raga net-work.
aiki iAi^ or aika «ii^t, to do, act.
aiki i^^t, aike i<-^^ ^^^ "^^
to send; maaikachi a work-
man, maaika messengers, F
159.
aiko y^t) to send to the place
where the speaker is; aiki to
send forth from; thus ya
aikoni he sent me here; ya
aikini he sent me there, aiko
is also used generally for to
send.
aiko* JjI, work, 53 (F 140 ?).
aiman* O^Sy cf. Ar. ^\^\, faith.
ainianshi for aima/nchi ^ JL;^-j|,
E 30 note; cf. prec. id.
ainin ^>L>I, true, correct, truly,
on purpose (?) ; cf . ai,
ainya l^!, beehive; cl hutumi,
aiwa or ewa 1^1, indeed, truly.
aiya, cf . aya,
aiyari ^<^, Ar. jfS', caravan,
1—2
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w*
jUfel
train of men or animals; cf.
alaro,
ajaba 1^%^, Ar. »^^,^, wonder.
ajaM ^^^.ft, to cause to wonder,
marvel; cf. prec, also lajihi,
ajub.
ajcUi j^^l*.!, cf. Ar. J^], 1. destiny,
decree, day of death ; ajcdinsa
na chika his time is come,
ajali dunia, C 25; 2. delay in
paying money which is due;
3. tax-collector.
ajami* ,^5^%^, Ar.^^15^, foreign,
B 175.'
aje ^-^t, 1. to put, place, lay
aside ; 2. to hold ; ya aje kofa
he held the door; ajia to set
up, A 13.
I i
aje ^«*-t, truly ; cf. ashe,
'"» * . » ^ .
ajfira |/A».t or ajere ^j^\f m line,
abreast; cf. jera (F 94?).
a;«rea O^^^t, to become rich.
a;ta L^h^^ !• treasures, secret
stores, A 44 giddashen ajia
storehouses; 2. a/tan zuchia
sighing, distress of heart; ajia
A 13 = is placed ; cf. aje,
ajub ^^. ft , anytliing wonderful,
cf. ajaba,
aka S}\y verbal prefix to denote
the i)erfect tense in the pas-
sive voice ; cf. anka.
akal* J^!, if, when, D 43; cf.
akan,
akala '^^j cf. Ar. rt jAft, a rope
such as is used for tying up a
camel.
• ^ t
akan* C)S^\, if, when, F 19.
« ^ {
akan ^>^l, above, on the top of ;
probably a contraction of a-
kai-n at the head of, F 96.
akawali iJ^^t (cf. Ar. J^*»^t
black), a black horse; cf. also
chicherro,
ahbar* j^Sy Ar. id. great, an
epithet Usually applied to God,
A 72.
akib{b)a* MU, Ar. IjU, end,
result, reward; cf. B 35; akibba
maikeau a fair reward, ahina
da akibba it is useful. «
akodi >^£»t, 1. box, drawer; 2. pis-
tol (cf. Germ. Bttchse, box and
gun) ; cf. algaderia^ akotia^
akoi 15^ t, probably a contraction
of akayi, there is, there are.
Very commonly used as an
affirmative answer to a ques-
tion. It is sometimes prefixed
to the personal pronouns; thus
akoishi he is, or he is there ;
akoisu they are.
akoko y^y^^Sy grey baft.
akoshi ^^£»t, a large dish made
of wood.
akotta ^J^^^t, pistol, probably the
same as akodi, q. v.
* X * J
akras sj^j^Sy yin akras to file («r
sword, etc.).
aku ^s\, parrot.
akumari jCi^l (cf. (?) Ar. jU»-
ass), a pad placed on a donkey.
Digitized by
Qoo^^
c^>'
J^l
akurike ^^t, pi. akurikai iJj^\i
cf. Ar. rt ^j^y a place where
fowls etc. are kept, a coop; cf.
akuriken kaza.
akuturche, leprous; cf. kuturchi,
X • g
akwati (?) 0^£»t, a case of gin or
spirits.
akioia b^^t, pi. awaki i^^t^t,
goat, f.; cf. bunsuru he-goat.
(d Jl, in the case of many words
which have been borrowed by
the Hausas from the Arabs,
the initial al represents the
Arabic article; where the word
has been regularly adopted as
a Hausa word, e.g. olherka^ it
will be found in the dictionary
under al] in other cases, i.e.
where the word is an Arabic
word pure and simple, it will
be found under the letter fol-
lowing the prefix al. Thus
for alwali relations, see under
voali.
cda* t^J^, Ar. id. upon, A 1.
alada*y see ada.
alafa 1*01 (cf. Ar. t*A»» to go
footsore), a disease on horses'
feet just above the hoof.
alahua* yk'>)!, members of fa-
mily (1); cf. C 44 note.
alajabi*, see ajabi,
^ale f^^\, cf. Ar. rt ,^1, trouble,
annoyance; also used as a verb.
cUama U*!iU, pi. alamomi ^^y'^^,
« X X ^
At. 4^^L^, frequently pro-
nounced hakma; 1. sign, in-
struction, cf. B 131; 2. a large
white bead in a set of black
beads used for prayer, a book-
marker.
alunierx ^jj;-**^!, cf. Ar. j-^l, work,
' task, alfair, talk, palaver;
alameringa behold something
wonderful ! alamerin dunia
the course or vicissitudes of
life whereby the poor become
rich, the rich poor.
alaro ^j^l, cf. Ar. jU to roam
(from which aiyari also is
derived) ; hired carrier, animals
used for transport, a heavy
load; dan alaro, lit. son of a
carrier, is one of the commonest
designations of an ordinary
porter ; . sarikin alaro a head
carrier; cf. also dan gn/runfa,
alaura* j^»i\, cf. Ar. Sj^, pu-
denda, A 30.
alayed(d)i jlJI, the oil obtained
from the hvakwa palm, any
dark-coloured oil.
albad(d)a \j^\, pi. albad(d)u
^J^\ or albad{d)odi ^i^J^^,
cL Ar. rt jl^, the strips of
cloth of which a dress is com-
posed, a seam.
^^ t 9^^
' albaras* uajJ\, Ar. ^aj^, leprosy,
white leprosy.
alharka or alberka ^j^\, cf. Ar.
4^^, blessing, thanks; in bar-
tering it is equivalent to *no
thank you,' cf. use of French
merci; as an epithet applied
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d^jjt
tr-.i^«
to a field it means fertile; yi
alberka or aa cdberka to bless
or to thank.
cUbarkachi ^^Aj^\y B 20; cf. al-
harka,
aJharuB ^jUt or alharud jkjlJt,
Ar. >jjW> gunpowder.
albas(i)a l^ »Jt, pi. alba§{§)o8i
^ya^\f cf. Ar. Ji«a^, onion;
albassan kwadi a white flower
something like a lily.
o^i^Air^rito^t, Ar. ZjJL^ good news;
cdbishirinka good news for
you! the usual reply to this
salutation is goro ; cf. hialiara,
alfddari j^UJt, f. alfdda/ta tj^U^t,
pL cdfddaru ^j^UJt (possibly
connected with Ar. ^:^ a
pack saddle), mule.
alfaruwa \^j^\ or alfaua t^fJt,
Ar. 5^^, a tent, made of skins
or leather.
alfasha ULaJt, cf. Ar. U^, aZfasha
magana blasphemous or shame-
less language.
al/dtia l^'ijl (cf. Ar. iaJlil, the
opening chapter of the Koran),
prayers said daily in the early
morning, prayers said by a-
mallam at a funeral ; cf . fdtiha,
alfin J>aJI, cf. modern Ar. v>«*^l»
two thousand; cf. alif,
alfohamiy see alhowami,
^ J »t ^ jot
affuta i*>jil, pi. difutai ^^>j)l,
Ar. dh^y a handkerchief used
by women to bind round the
head.
algaha Uxit, a cloth worn next the
skin in front and behind like
a small tugua.
^ % ^ •t f^^,
algaderia* L^jjjJUt, Ar. Sjtju^,
small pistol ; cf . akodi.
algaita U^t or cdgaitu y^t, a
wind instrument blown in a
somewhat similar way to a bag-
pipe ; a flute ; cf . algaitun aar-
awto, F241.
cblgarih ^j^y pi. cUgarihi iWja)!
(cf. Ar. V!/^> ^ ^ black); the
red and black seeds of a cer-
tain plant; the black are eaten,
the red used in making oint-
ment.
^ ot , ^ ot
algideri jjJUt or alkideri jjJdS, cf.
9
Ar. jJLi, a brass cooking pan
with a handle.
algringumi j^jjd\, f. algringuma
if J ^ot
toJUjjUt, an idle gossip.
• jot »J»t
algua ^^^JUt or cdkua ^j^t, green.
J it ^ ^ ot
algushi ^^LxJt or algashi ^^LxJt,
needlework done in green as
on a tobe.
.•t i ,
alhaki oiaJt, Ar. wa*-, judgment,
condemnation, oppression, right
or claim put forward by one
who has been defrauded, B 11
shi ke da alhaki he receives
judgment.
6 ^ eit J , 6^
alhamis ijufd^M, Ar. |j».j.tii,lt, or
rana alhainxs, Thursday, lit. the
Digitized by
Qoo^^
j>Ut
,)^j
fifth day, G 6 ; sometimes pro-
nounced alamis,
cdhanzir jJJ^aUt, Ar. ^/Jj-!^, wild
boar.
alhari ^jmJ\y pi. alharini^iJjmJSy
Ar. jij^i silk ; the plural form
is often used instead of the
singular, F217 riganau na air
harini,
alhari \^j>*Ji^Sy Ar. j^, kindness,
free gift; yin alheri to do
a kindness.
alhovximi ^^a^Jt, cf. Ar. rt j^a^t
tinder, anything used to catch
sparks, e.g. cotton of the rimi.
In the colloquial it is some-
times pronounced alfoami,
cdihra* \jJ\y Ar. Z^\^ needle; cf.
alura,
alif sOt, Ar. s^^ thousand; cf.
alfin.
aliyan* ^J^\y cf. Ar. Jl, family,
relations, E51, B174.
cUjama* U^^Jt or alfima 1 < ^ M ,
story, narrative, speech; B 153
aljatna maianfani words which
will profit.
aljan «>i^t, pi. aJjannu yLatJ\
demons ; cf . jinnu.
i^at 9i^
aZjenna Ui^t, Ar. X;*., a garden,
paradise; cf. F 222 cUjenna ta
nima; A 58 yiddan aJjenna,
The word suggests to a Hausa
the Mohammedan paradise pic-
tured in the Koran ; cf. aama.
cUjibbnSf pronounced alziblmSf q.v.
aljifi sAu^t or alji/a Uj^Jt, pi.
alji/u y^\ or alji/una Uai^I,
* • "
cf. Ar. >„f»iflf»y pocket, e.g. the
large pocket in front of a tobe,
a small bag.
aljimua I w < i|i >t, Ar. 4 w^niM,
Friday, this being regarded as
the last day in the week al-
jimua is sometimes used for
a week.
cdjinnu, demons; cf. jinnu,
alkaki* j^lfil, wheat, B14; cf.
cUkama,
alkcdami ^JLJUt, pi. alkalamai
^^j^XJUl, Ar. ^0-^, pen, reed
u^ed as pen.
alkalanchi* w%;.^ii)t or yi aUca-
lanchi, to act as alkcUi; cf.
seq.
alkali ^ycJJS^ pi. alkalai ^^^uUI,
Ar. j^'i, judge; E 10 alkalai
da maauzua aheria the judges
and those who come to be
judged.
alkam(m)a UJut, wheat. It is
grown in the north-east part
of Hausaland.
alkamura \j>^\ (cf. Ar. ^^ to be
white), calico; it is imported
into Hausaland from the East.
alkaria* lj/A)t, pi. alkariyu ^j^AJI,
Ar. ^ji, a village composed
of houses with no free land
inside.
alkaiLeli ic^y^t, Ar. J^, promise,
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1,^1
8
c^yi
agreement; gama alkaueli or '
yi alkaiieli to promise; cf. C 22,
note.
alkawara* |^*JCJt, cowrie-shells,
E 25; cf. A;wrrfi.
a;A^66a Uul, pi. alkebbu yM (cf.
Ar. ^^, a cowl), a sort of
burnous.
cUHderi, see algideri.
alkil(l)a UXit, blue and white or
black and white shawl made
in alternate strips.
(dkiyamay resurrection; cf. ki-
yaina,
alkumali ^JL^t, cf. (?) Ar. rt
j^y a red lion.
allah dif, Ar. ^f God; the
plural allohi ^y)l is only used
of the gods of the heathen.
alleluba l^^t (cf. Ar. >^J<^ a
plant with milky juice), a tree
resembling a fig-tree in ap-
pearance with sweet-tasting
leaves.
oMewa lyJt, cf. Ar. ^^X**, any
kind of sweet-meat.
aUi ^Jt, chalk or white earth
used for bleaching thread.
cUlo y I, An •.y , a writing board,
made of a smooth piece of
wood used for writing charms
etc. on ; the ink is afterwards
washed off and drunk by the
person who is to be benefited
by the charm.
allowa* \yiJ\y Ar. tya^y ablution
before prayer; cf. liUfo.
almoQiri ^ji^l^Jt, f. alinajira
^tt " " .. . » ^ ^^
\ja^^^\y pi. almajirai ^js^^\
(cf. Ar. rt ja^\y viii to give
alms), disciple, beggar, A 83,
B 134 almajira mijinta al-
majiri the disciple will marry
one who is a disciple ; D 6.
almakassi ^»n l# It, Ar. ^^oJLo,
scissors.
almcmani* tJ^Sy lintel or beam
above a door.
almara* Kl^t (cf. Ar. iCy^y iv to
doubt, OT j^Sy a matter), a story
which is not true.
alrtiauru* (?) ^j^^\, very late in
the evening ; cf . magarub,
aimoza tj^-^t, cf. Ar. ^3««» a
small knife.
almugrvh^ see magarub,
< •
aloba l^yt, Ar. l^^ sickness, pesti-
lence.
alraata* C^tpt, instruction (?) ; cf .
D introductory note.
ahhafi ^^lUs, f. alskafa LiiiJI,
horse speckled white with
black.
amma^^t, Ar. iUt, 1. people, as-
sembly, C 42; 2. relations (?),
42 note.
alura Sj^Sy pi. alurai v^j^t, pro-
bably from Ar. 5^1 (for similar
change cf. auduga from ah-
duga)y needle; cf. alibra,
alwali* i<«Jyt> cf. Ar. rt ^j^,
relations, D 99.
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9
»t
alwal{l)a* ^^^\i ablution; c£.
allowa and luUo,
dUtuaahi ^^^\ (ci Ar. ^y to
misrepresent or denounce), 1.
discussion preliminary to mak-
ing a bargain or doing business ;
2. threat to do that which is
impossible.
alzihhua*^ aljibhua* 4^% J I, q.v.
Ar. i^^-Njfc,, Greek yvi/ros, gjrp-
sum, chalk.
amadeshi ^^ jl«I (cf . (?) Ar. ^jJ^
a beater for corn), large ham-
mer used by blacksmith.
. • ^^ .
ainai ij^t, sickness; yin amai to
vomit.
amale ^jX^y Ar. Ji p w j, very
large male camel = kutunku,
amamiji\A\y mats used for roofing,
made from leaves of palm-
trees (a Nup6 word ?).
amdna t^Ut, cf. Ar. &Ut, arrange-
ment in regard to sale of
goods, part payment for goods,
earnest money; cf. E 15, 25
masiUabin amana those who
steal a deposit; trust, con-
fidence, security ; cf . G 4 kasa
amcmaga mutane duka security
of land-tenure for all; chinye
amana to betray confidence.
^A 9^^t
amao'a* |^t, Ar. 5^t, marker in
book, land-mark, mark on
ground.
amarcht ^j^\, wedding festivities;
cf . amre.
amaria G^!, bride, lawful wife as
distinguished from a concu-
bine.
ama8{8)ani ^>*Md! or amas{8)ana
LLI^I (cf. (?) Ar. rt C>*>^\
rheumatism.
amatoali tJy^Sy veil, such as that
worn by a king over his mouth
hanging down in front.
amha^hi ^yifi^, to make known,
to address to.
ambata IJLi.*^ or ambato
(cf. (?) Ar. rt IJ iv), to think
of, to remember, to mention;
ambatoni explain it to me.
amhato y^^ a memorial.
ameri ^t, Ar. j^S judgment, com-
mandment.
amin ^J^\y Ar. id., amen, verily,
B44.'
amina U^t (Ar. ^Uk^t, lit. faithful
one), a name given to the
hyena (kura), when appearing
at night it is regarded as an
evil spirit.
aminchi |Jl^t, cf. Ar. ^>«t, faith,
faithfulness, security; D 98
allali ahina dada aminchi may
God increase faith, B 84 dunia
ba tan yi aminchi ba the world
is not to be relied on.
amini* v>i«-^t, cf. prec, friend,
B 24. '
amiru* j^\, Ar. id., prince, emir.
am(m)o y^S or ^^, hum, buzz,
noise, report of a gun; ammon
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u?^i
10
>JLa)t
kv^e sound of a war-drum or
bell which has several distinct
notes, ammo or yin ammo to
hum.
amre Lgj^S or amri l<j^\ or aure
\^j^\ (of. Ar. Sl^l, woman),
marriage; amre or ym amrc
to marry, B 26.
amru* ^1, Ar. ^1, commanding ;
F 151 amru da kiyauta exhort-
ing to do that which is good.
amsa U^t, reply, answer ; amsa or
yin amaa to answer, reply,
B 130 ha ka amsa ha wilt
thou not reply? D 45.
•t
amshi »JL^\y to snatch; cf. seq.
^ cJ ' ' '
amshiwa* J3,yt,»1, cf. Ar. ^t^L*, par-
ticipial form of prec., receiving,
snatching away; cf. C 24 note,
ta ka yi amahiwa she would
snatch it away. The reading
here should perhaps be amshiya
amunchiwa* t^JLL^ot, confidence,
C 38 note ; another form of
aminchiy q. v.
amurgude ^3>^;-«t, lame, for ana-
gurgu; cf. gwra^u,
amuaan* ^>>M^t, A 33, possibly
for a/nason, from so to love.
an ^1 or ana ^1, verbal prefix to
denote the passive voice of the
aorist or the present tense;
cf. Gr. p. 26.
anade ^jJt, rolled up; cf. node.
anago yiuSf illness caused by lack
of food, dysentery.
anagudawa tjjJut, dysentery; cf.
gvdawa,
anamim^i/nchi* ^n^X^ ^ il, F 13; cf.
ananminchi,
anamusu, denial ; cf . musu,
amamminchi ^JL;»*Jt, cf. Ar. rt
Ml
^, evil-speaking, tale-bearing.
a/nche. cf. che.
anc^ or enche ^^-Jl, verily, in-
deed !
anchia(r)* jt^\, plenty to eat,
D57; cf. chi.
an/dni ^U^t, cf. Ar. 9ju, use,
advantage, benefit; enna an-
faninsa of what use is it? c^
anfani useful, hahu anfani use-
less, anfaninsa dayawa it is of
great use; mmanfani useful,
B 44 addua maianfani a prayer
that shall be effective.
amgarmia Ig^o^jut, cf. Ar. ^^, a
stallion — a large mare (possibly
angarmia may be for yanga/r-
mia'y cf. anguria),
angashey weary; cf. gashi.
ango yut or ^ki^, pi. anguna
\iju\ (possibly from Ar. uU^,
to embrace), a bridegroom. .
angonchi ^i.Jju\ or wi,;ajL^, mar-
riage.
amgulu yJu\ or agulu ^XM or
augulu ykk^Si f. angtUa ^Ibut
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w>^<
11
3J^
Italian
or (igula ^jL^t (cf.
aguglia, Lat. aquila), vulture.
^ j»$
anguria \jjiu\, seeds of the cotton
plant. It is sometimes spelt
yanguria and is probably the
Ar. j^ cotton.
anim* j^\^ an imperative form of
nema^ B 155.
am^a 1^, Ar. ^Up, diligence,
haste, intention ; yin aniya to
show diligence, to hasten, D 25
^w do aniya take to yourselves
diligence, D 25 awiyar; cf.
A 72.
anjima Lo-^^t) by-and-bye; «at
anjima good-bye for the pre-
sent! ctjima,
anka «2X3t, verbal prefix to denote
the passive voice of the perfect
tense = aka, q.v. The same pre-
fixes are used to denote the pas-
sive imperative, e.g. akakawo
let it be brought; cf. Gr. p. 26.
annabi ^^\ or i-tJt, pi. am^nahawa
!jl^ or IjuSl, cf. Ar. ^,
prophet, A 83, F.25, 37.
anrwhanchi ^^^S or ^t^XiJ^S^ the
office of a prophet, prophecy.
anna^(s)dra ^^toJ^S (cf. Ar. o!h^)
coll. ^jUoJt), a Christian, lit.
the Nazarene; originally used
as a term of reproach, but as
used in Hausaland it does not
necessarily suggest such.
annuri jy^\, Ar. jyj, light, glory,
light of heaven; cf. nuri.
^ et ^ ^ • ^
atisaki sJuJS or hanaaki oLiui^,
small pincers, F 104.
am^hifi* s^t^^ ^f. D39, laid out
in death'(?).
anta wt or hanta U<^, liver, D 67.
antaya ^JijS or ^Jflut, price; natoa
antaya what is the price ?
^ ^ ^ ^
araara [fy^, a large Bornuese
ram with conspicuous horns.
araha ^m^^j cheapness; da a/raha
cheap (probably from the Ita-
lian arra^ Lat. a/rrha earnest
money).
arame ^*-«ljt, lean, thin, ema-
ciated; cf. rama,
aranfaki iJ^jl) to lie in wait;
cf. rafaki.
araraki i^^jtjt, gimlet; mararaki
the man who uses a gimlet.
arataye ^*e^l, hanging; cf. rataya,
^^»s « ^ «• »f
arbaa or arba %^j\, Ar. ^u^jt,
four, often used for four thou-
sand; cf. Gr. p. 38; arba mia
four hundred.
arbdin v>*^jt, Ar. ^^^^Ji^jl forty.
" ^^ . ^'' ^
aHtoa !^jl or ariawa \yij\f north;
G4, etc.
ariwachi* wi^^jt, the northern re-
gion.
arna \jj\ or asna Lwt, heathen,
i.e. the worshippers of idols;
cf . E 6 addini na asna idolatry.
aro jj^, Ar. 5^, 1. loan, bada arc
to lend, yin aro to borrow;
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JLft^t
12
jSL»A
2. an addition made to sum
paid by debtor.
arradu j^jt or ^jSjJjj Ar. j^jy
thunder; ya yi arradu or ar-
radu tafaru it thunders.
arrafia \^ji\, Ar. f^.j^ very fine
thread.
arrafichi ^^^1, i. q. prec.
ar^afteW ji*-djl or^iMAJt (cf. (?) Ar.
« x J '
jU«, fruit of tamarind tree), a
mat made of grass let down in
front of a door- way; cf. §aha/ra.
araa? u^M»;t, Ar. iL^l^j, bullet,
lead for bullets.
artai t^jS, beating, driving away,
defeat in war.
arufu* ^^^j\y alphabet; cf. hurufi,
aruwa Ijjl, soothsaying, the telling
of secrets which are unknown
to the questioner by a sooth-
sayer (boka),
arwalla, ablution; cf. alwalla.
arza* \jj\, a species of laurel.
arziki ^jj\, cf. Ar. wijj, prosper-
ity, riches ; A 65 alia ya kan
gamma arzikinka God may
give thee prosperity ; D 23 ayi
masa arziki he shall be suc-
cessful; prosperous D 91 ; giver
of sustenance D 3 note, ya yi
arziki a common expression
for *it was fortunate.'
aaalo ^ill (cf. Ar. jltS^ a rush),
a round mat made of plaited
grass.
a^anchi %^^Ji^\ or azanchi iJ^j^
knowledge, understanding, cle-
verness; yin asanchi to de-
vise ; cf . sani.
a^dra tjL^t, Ar. Zj,m>^ loss, mis-
fortune ; yin asara to lose; cf.
haadra^ tasdri,
aaawaJd* iJy<^\ B 64; see sauJd,
asbe7h ^>wt, pi. asbendwa \y^\,
the name of a tribe of Tuareks
in the Sahara Desert.
aserimi ji*^>>mf\ (cf. Ar. j^j^, to cut
XX •
in pieces), round flat pieces of
salt.
X x{
ashasha UrUrt, a kind of bag made
of grass with narrow opening.
X » X (
ashauma U^t, salt or natron
used in dyeing for fixing co-
lours.
ashe ^iii\ or ashi ^tt\ or aje ^i^t,
surely, indeed, F136.
I xf
aaheggi iPt^t, profligate, D 32 ;
cf . ahegge.
ashirin Oj*^* '^^' CHJ*^ twenty ;
cf. ishirin.
x»x $
aahiyerda* i^jiJ^S, C 34, abandon (?) ;
cf. yerda.
a8trij,^\ or a^hirx j^S, cfc Ar. rt
j^y secret, in secret; D 63
loloki asiri secret recesses, bu-
den asiri (lit. open secrets)
scandal.
^0$ x«
aska bwt, pi. asaki ^^L»t razor;
cf. aski,
* X«X X X X « X
askar jSLm^y pi. askarawa tjjX>»>ft,
9 X X "k
Ar. jSL^ (Turk. Persian id..
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^\ 13
(?) Eng. lascar) soldier; the or-
dinary word for soldier in
Hausa is dan-yaki,
aski iJi»t\y or yin aski, to shave.
aakunia Cj^SLa, anything used to
cover the opening of a doorway
or window opening, e.g. grass-
mat; windows proper do not
exist in Hausaland.
asna \j^\, heathen, E 6, 15; cf.
ama,
apsalcUu yrji^\ or a^salati 0^<^t,
Ar. SyLaJI, 1. prayer K 3; 2. the
call to prayer repeated at dawn,
B88; cf. ?al(l)atL
aasalawi ^j^LJI (cf. (1) Ar. rt
yL«), rope or halter for leading
a horse.
as^ha ^^^!, Ar. <Ufc^<g, usually
pronounced azuba, dawn, the
time between jijiji and hafichi;
cf . rana.
t ^ Sit t <i ^
dsmbat C*^^ *a\ or C^.iJt, Ar.
^LmJI, Saturday.
am y»^ (possibly from Ar. ,^j,^ to
prowl about at night), a moth
from a small black caterpillar,
its larva is very destructive to
cloth, wool, etc.
(Uake* iJ^\i suddenly, at once,
abruptly (?).
(Uara ju! or ataru jjUl or atarat
OjUt, gathered together; B 25,
F 112 aian^ vmrin daia, D 49.
ata/rus ^jUl, a name given to
kola nuts newly imported from
Gwanja.
<Uata/re ^j^Sy completely, collected
together, A 28, 45 ; cf . tatara,
atisha (.As^J^ ^i* atishawa t^^.^kft,
cf. Ar. c^mU^, to sneeze.
Sk ^ « X
attajiri ^^j^^S^ cf. Ar. j^^j, a
person of rank or wealth, a
merchant.
atuni i<J>»l, dysentery.
avdiga^ cotton; cf. abduga.
cmguluy vulture; cf. angvlu,
auki ^jt or ^3^, expansion as of
rice when boiled, abundance,
prosperity, a quantity of salt ;
cf . abki.
auna ^^\ or auni i^J^jt or aiouna
^^jl, to weigh, to measure;
F 139 ayuka avmnsu actions
are weighed ; maauni scales.
aura* \j^\, auran saraki chief
minister of a king ; cf . k-awa.
aura \j^\, a red ass.
aure^ to marry ; cf. a/mre,
^ » X
ausagi* ^^^^i a shirt put on
under a shroud, D 88 note.
auaigi iJ^^^ or ^i^^Sy half a
piece of cloth, paper when it
has been cut in two.
aula Ujl, smallest, youngest; auta
yasa the little finger.
auxiki, goats ; cf . akioia,
si$ .9sa.
atvali* ^tjl, cf. Ar. Jjl, ancestors,
F74.'
auHinkej washed ; cf . wanke.
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ci-y
14
L5-3I
awaaa ^^\ (cf. Ar. ^^^ iv to
cut), to sharpen a knife.
it
awo ^^\, measure, weight; F 139
cMn awo anything to measure
or weigh with ; yin atoo to
measure, to weigh ; cf . auna,
% jt
awoje ^^j^jjt, abroad, outside; cf.
wqje,
awortak{k)i ^j^\ or hawortakki
>iXjj^mm, tongs.
awoza Ijjjl or awaza \j^\, pi.
awozai ^Jjjl, rib, side.
aumna, to weigh ; cf . auna,
a/ya bl (arachis hypogaea), a kind
of ground-nut, sweet inside, a
quarter of an inch in length;
it has a yellow pea-shaped
flower; its pods contain from
two to four reddish seeds, from
which an oil, e.g. the oil used
by watch-makers, is obtained ;
cf . guchia,
aya bt, pi. ayoyx ^pi\, Ar. a^l,
1. a verse of the Koran, also
applied to the points o% used
as a sign of punctuation; 2.
sign, wonder: 3. an expression
of incredulity.
ayaha l^Ul, 1. banana tree; 2. ba-
nana fruit.
Jt
ayu y^ (Fulah id.), the name of a
mythical man or creature sup-
posed to live in water and to
drag anyone in who happens
to see it.
.t
aza* j\ for aje, B 171.
az(z)a* j^ with umta, to rake to-
gether cinders ; cf. Jiassa.
azdha W^Jl^, Ar. vJ^-^» P^-in,
punishment, illness, A 7 ski he
shakka azaha lahira he doubts
the existence of pain in the
next world, vmrin azaha a
dark place in which criminals
are confined, a place of execu-
tion.
azalumi* ^» I l»t, deceiver; cf.
taalumL
9^t
azancht ^j^j\, cleverness; cf.
asanchi.
azara Ijj!, the cross-beam on top
of a doorway.
azariga^ ^^jukjj^ or mazarigi
^jj-^i a noose for catching
animals with.
azawa Ijla^, cf. (?) Ar. rt jJl^,
treasures, F 94 alazawa,
^ » t 9^9
azirka Ujjl, cf. Ar. iJjJ^, a hole
made in the nose of an ox to
put a rope through.
azizu* }ij^y Ar. id. mighty.
azvha, dawn; cf. a^mba,
azuhur ^ ^ 6 It, Ar. id. the time
about 3 p.m. or 4 p.m., the call
to prayer at that time; cf.
rana,
azumaki «iX^jt, worms in horses or
asses.
jt « Ox
azumt ^^\, cf. Ar. j^y^ fast, yin
a^zumi to fast, D 22 kuna aztt-
mi kuna zaka da haji fast and
go on the pilgrimage.
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M . 15
azurfa Ujjl or azurufa i?jjl, cf.
Ar. ^j^ sUver, F 225.
azurumi >;jt, a large pyramid
(kanto) of salt.
b — for interchange of b and /
sounds, cf. burtumi—furtumi,
rvhaa — rufaa,
6a...6a l^ ij, not. It is placed be-
fore and after the verb or the
sentence which it negatives,
thus we may have ba ya gani
ba mutum or ba ya gani mvr
turn ba he did not see the
man; the former is the more
idiomatic. In the case of a
negative interrogation the se-
cond ba is frequently omitted ;
ba ya and ba ya yi are usually
abbreviated to bai] ba nd \a
abbreviated to 6an, thus ban
sani ba I do not know. When
ba is joined to the following
word the I is usually omitted.
ba ^y & prefix to nouns to denote
origin, ancestry, etc. ; thus ba-
hauahe a Hausa native, bor
laraba an Arab, bature a white
man.
ba \jt to give, to cause ; ya bani
daria he made me laugh, ya
bashi tsoro he made him afraid,
ban ha/nu to clap, F 234 ; cf.
also the following modifications
or voices of ba, bada, bashi,
bayes, bayesda,
baa \jL4 or yi baa (cf. Ar. La^, to
attack with evil eye), to de-
ride, to scoff at.
baba l^, pi. mainya ^JU or maiya
^-^-♦, sometimes pronounced
babba, great, large ; as used of
persons, important, of high
rank. When placed before the
noun which it qualifies it is
usually written bahan; thus
baban kai great head (a very
common Hausa surname), A 10
baban gari,
baba U^, chief, leader, eldest.
baba l^l^, pi. bahani ^W (cf. (?) Ar.
^\^, doorkeeper), eunuch.
baha \^\^ (indigofera endecaphylla).
Indigo. It grows wild in many
parts of Hausaland. It is also
cultivated for the sake of its
dye which is obtained by the
fermentation of its leaves in
water ; cf. Hausaland, p. 160.
bahahi iJ^ (cf. (?) Ar. wi^, to blow
a trumpet), roar of a camel,
crackling of hell-fire, D 72 note,
A 31 rana kiama kan wuta ta
babaki,
bahaha, black, pi. of baki, q. v.
bahambade ^J^j^ or bade* ^ J^
(lit. great bade i.e. fool etc.),
jester, buffoon, a king's singer,
a crier.
babani ^y^W (cf. Ar. 1^1^, father,
grandfather, etc.), uncle, fa-
ther's brother.
bahaiva* IjQ, a lengthened form
of ba to give ; cf . B 69 note.
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L5^W
16
L5^
babe ,^1^, f. babania W^W a large
species of locust; cf. fara^
/aranderef birdydua^ etc.
baUn* o-^W, inside (?); cf. B72
note.
6a6w ^l^, or ^v (i.e. 6a oot^-
not anything), nothing, no,
not, without; bahu wonda no
one, bahu komi nothing, or
there is nothing the matter,
babu keau it is not good, bahu
wawa F 137 seqq. without
doubt (cf. similar use in
Kanuri of ago something, and
, bago nothing).
bache ^^, to destroy, to spoil, to
be spoiled, to speak evil of,
BIS9 8u bache tare they perish i
together; cf. bata.
bachia* l^, bush goat.
bachucheni
the son of a
slave, but not himself a slave ;
cf. cheche.
bada >l^, to give, to give up,
usually joined with some other
word; thus bada girima to
honour, bada gaakia to believe
or to acquit, bada laifi to
condemn, bada touri to give
place to, used with hainya it
means to lead, hainya ya bor
damu the road led us to; cf. ba,
bada* j^, for baZa, to destroy (?) ;
cf. B 108 note, F 72 note.
badada l>tjL^ or badahada Wj^,
a fool, D20; cf. bahambade.
badagela* Ju^j^, to sharpen a
knife.
badagula ^IL^jl^ or ^3^J^, foolish
talking.
badbUla ^ j^ or bdbela ^ILJL^, or
^ • •
bilbila ^IL«JL^ (buphus leuco-
notus), a white bird like a
small heron.
bade^ jester ; cf. babanibade.
bad{d)i ^J^ (cf. Eanuri bcUi),
next year; B 120 makada mai-
zache badi meditating coming
next year; cf. banna and bara.
bafade ^>U^ or bafadi ^>La.^,
a king's minister, a hanger on
at court; ^h/adawa, q. v.
bargab{b)azi ^J-sa^) one who has
come from the east.
X > ^ X
bag{g)arua \^j>k^ (acacia nilotica),
acacia tree, the bark of which
is used for tanning; it grows
near water ; an astringent
medicine is made from its
seeds.
bage* ^<*^, a warrior.
bahago^MM^, a left-handed person;
cf . hagum.
bahili* ^JU»^, Ar. J«aL^ a miser,
an idle or cowardly person.
bai ^, a contracted form of
baya or ba ya yi,
bai* ^, for 6a to give, A 83.
baiaj after; cf. baya,
baiala, wide plain, D 75; cf. 6a-
yala.
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{jitti
17
IfiU&W
oaiom ^-tt^, backwards; equiva-
lent to da haya,
baibat ^^-nj^, pi. baibaiyi tj^^ ^^
&a2^6at£7a |>^^) barbarous peo-
ple, people who wear no clothes.
baibaiyi ^jti^ > * ^^^ P^^ through
a man's lower lip ; cf . dabebeyi,
baikiy roar, D72; cf. bahaki.
baiso, a drink, i. q. beso, q. v.
6att«^;( t^^, female slave; baiwan
allah, lit. the slave of God, a
bird rather smaller than a
sparrow; cf. bawa,
baiwa t^, generosity, gifts; A 83
sadaka da baiwa du (=dtika)
ya bai ; A 46 ; cf. ba to
give.
bajini{n)* |>^, great, mighty;
cf. B85.
bajini or bajimi ^Jj^^i or bijimi
j-M^, a bull.
baka l^l^, pi. bakuna U£»l^, bow;
bakan kibia bow and arrows,
bakan allah (lit. God's bow) or
bakan gizo (lit. spider's bow)
a rainbow; cf. also mashan
t'ua.
baka, l£»l^ ; bakan gishiri a load
of salt after it has been cut up
into small pieces; cf. kanto.
hakache ^ySi^ (cf. Ar. ^U^, to
mix up food etc.), 1. to fan,
to winnow; 2. a fan; maiba-
kache one who fans or winnows.
&a^t ^i^, pi. bakuna U^l^, mouth,
edge, brink; F 199 tuiUa na
fita baki fire shall come out of
R.
their mouth, bakin kofa door-
way, bakin rua the bank of
the river, bindiga da baki biu
gun with two barrels, bakin
wutd stick on which meat is
placed to be cooked over a fire,
torch, bakin gatari the handle
of the axe, yi baki to promise,
yi baki dada to make an agree-
ment, to conspire, gama baki
to speak the same language,
to agree together.
baki* ^k^f F 228 ahin baki a thing
regarded; cf. Ar. ^i^ to re-
gard, to protect, F 27 (?).
baJc{k)i ^jO^y f. bak(k)a Ix^, pi.
babaku ^X^, black; A 21 sun
sun fari sun san bakki they
knew the difference between
black and white, bakkal chiuta,
cf. B 15 note, bakkin zuchia
(lit. blackness of heart) evil
disposition, evil thought, sad-
ness, B 99 ku ber bakkin chikki
leave off evil hankering after.
bako ^^i^, f- bakv>a |>^i^, pi.
bakuna U^^l^, baki 15^ W ^^
bakokuna U^^^l^, strange,
stranger, guest, visitor; A 15
bako da dangari stranger and
citizen.
bakonchi, ^J^^J & ij, i.q. seq.
bakontaka t£U£»i^, strangeness,
that which belongs to a
stranger, a feast given to a
stranger; yi bakontaka or yi
bakonchi to act as a stranger.
2
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^J3^^
18
U>W
bakwondoro* ^j^J^^i measles (?).
halcbga* iJL^, Ar. id., to arrive at
the age of 17, to reach puberty.
halagaga* Uu^JL^, pi. halagagu
^iiXi, one who has reached
the age of puberty; cf. prec.
halaguro yj»^, a bachelor.
halante ^xZX^ , mucH more, C 48 ;
cf . halatcma,
halatana* UlU^, much more, C2.
haHl)e /J^ (usually preceded by a
negative particle), much less,
A 44 6a bera bale tausanga/ra
there are no mice, much less
ants; by no means, F 69 bale
taffiar tutut ka zaka thou shalt
by no means ever come, bale
/a^balante; ct/ache.
balle* ^^^^, Ar. Jjt^, master of
house = maigidda,
balle ^Jl^, 1. for halbe to sting;
2. to unfasten, untie, open.
balli balli ^Ji^ ^-i^, sores or scabs.
balma tJL^, an inferior kind of
salt, salt such as is given to
horses, perhaps originally = the
salt from Bilma, the salt mine
at the south of the Sahara.
balshe* iJJ^t but; cf. /acAe.
barrij^ or bumbi »y.%»^, palm wine;
D 10 aber aha gia da bam da
buza leave off intoxicants,
drinks etc. The wine is ob-
tained by direct incision into
the stems of the palm-tree
(tuku/rua), it begins to ferment
on the second or third day; cf.
under gia and buza.
bafna{n)chi* ^i^^^, sport, trick.
barmxguje ^^ ^ » tS heathen, esp.
those living among Moham-
medans; cf. majuai,
bambam j^^^ different, separate,
distinct from ; F 146 tambaya
bambam ga kowa the questions
at each are different, ya yi
bambam, it is different, bambam
dagga different from.
bambam* j^^, name of a tree;
i. q. bambana (V).
bambamchi ^^^w^, ^t^^^^^ or bamr
bamta \2^^, ^^^«t^) difference,
distinction; minene bambamchi
toanan da wanan what is the
difference between this and
that? cf. dabam^hi.
bambami j^^ (cf. (?) Ar. >^,
an owl), the name of a small
bird. It usually builds its
nest of cotton.
bambana UIm^, 1. a large tree,
with edible fruit, asclepias
gigantea (?) ; 2. an aquatic
plant; cf. shalla,
bambar* j^y bark of a tree.
» ^ ^«> »«•
bambarokai i^^j^, dimness of
sight.
'•"
bamda jU^, besides, apart from,
in addition to; bamda vHma/n
in addition to this.
bamota O^^ or bamavmta U^^,
butterfly; cf. litajm aUah,
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19
»J^
9 "
0>i, a contracted form of
horni or ba-na,
\-hanu, F 234, to clap; cf. ha.
la UC (cf. (?) Ar. ^ij), a small
I tree with edible fruit.
}jianche ^ISJ^, to mock, to de-
clare falsely; cf. banna,
Inga hanga U^ ul^ or bunga
ounga Uu^ U^, a royal pro-
cession.
^an^o 3*;^ or 5i^n^o yu^, pi. ftari-
^«ye ,^jt>»;^ or hanguna UaiJ,
cf. Kanuri bongo, 1. the wall of
a house built of mud; 2. the
stiff* cover of a book = taderishi,
oamgo ^ki^, a royal officer = Jo-
garin sariki.
bani* ^j^, perhaps = Ar. ^, to
raise up; cf. B 134, note.
banke ^^^^, 1. a patch on cloth;
2. toj)atch, to mend.
banna Uj, Kanuri id., 1. waste,
evil; 2. to no purpose, in vain,
B 133 wonda ya zazari banna
he who hastens after evil;
3. to destroy, to waste.
\hanna Ij, this year; cf. bara and
baddi.
f bannat* j^, harm, evil; B 12, i.q.
banna, q. v.
fiixn^e 15**^ > pl« bantuna UJLa^,
N"upe id. towel, apron, loin
cloth.
pa//«a IJu^, Fulah id. vain, use-
less, worthless, evil, without
reward, gratuitous; B 136, C 9,
D 20 a^er rikichi na banza
leave off vain deceit.
bara t^, f. bara/nia ^t^\j4 or ba-
ranya i(Jj^, pi. barori ^j^j^
or bamrua \^jjJ a servant as
distinguished from bawa a
slave. A servant (bara) could
not lawfully be sold. The
plural barurua implies a large
number of servants such as
a king would have.
bara Ijl^, last year; cf. banna,
bad(d)i.
bara* \j\^, a charm (?); cf. sha
bara ; maida bara = name of a
Hausa song re the guinea fowl.
oarage ^^j^, a narrow line in a
piece of cloth, usually made
with silk; cf. saki a broad line
in cloth.
barakonchi ^J^^J &j ^, thieving; cf.
barao.
baramchi* ^t^^j^, name of a large
fish.
baranchi ^^j^, stealing; cf. bardo,
barandem(m)i ^juj^ (cf. (?) Ar.
jkjj^, an old sword), a hatchet
with broad blade.
bardo ^^\j^, f. baraunia ^^j^,
* '"' * *"
pi. baraye ^\j^ or barai ^^,
thief.
barazza \jj^ or barassa Ctj^ (cf.
(?) Ar. ^j4, opiate), an in-
toxicating drink, a name esp.
applied to imported gin.
2-2
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J^j^ 20
harhada* jy^ , to gird (?).
barbaddi or berbaddi ^J^j^ (cf.
Ar. rt j^, to scatter), crumbs
of food, grains of sand ; ya
harhaddi — ya zuba akasa.
bardi* ^j^, pi. baradine i^^j-^,
cavalry without shields; cf.
garkL
ba/rdinuwa \y^>j-^ or birdnduwa
\^»jJ (cf. Ar. ^j^, locust's
wing), a black locust which
flies about at night, it is fre-
quently attracted by a light.
bare ^jUi 1- ^ P^©1> to divide in
half; 2. the half of a goro nut.
6ore* ^^g^ (cf. Ar. j*3j;j), an
alien.
barewa \y>j^i pi. bareyi ^^j^,
deer, antelope.
6aW ^W> *o dry in the sun, to
cast the young, to miscarry.
boHa* G^, hole, opening (a Ka-
nuri word ?) ; cf. dambaria.
barka ^j^ (cf. Ar. ^j^ 11), 1. to
thank, to bless, to congratu-
late, F 215 8una barka da
jiuna they congratulate one
another; 2. barka l£»ji^, E 38
da yi allah da albarkar by the
power of God and the blessing
of....
barkatai* ^^j^ (cf. (?) Ar. JaJ^
to talk quickly), in phr. shina
magana barkatai he talks non-
sense, or, he is confused.
barke or berke i^j^j to tear.
barra ^, to beg, to supplicie;
\ na barra domin ka tfr-
ahani I supplicate thee fht
thou would'st save me, tifi-
barra a beggar.
baru* tj^j a hyena.
barugOf marrow; cf. burgo.
barzahu* f-jj^i Ar. id. tomb,
time between death and resur-
rection ; cf . F 70, note. \
basara \jm^ (cf. Ar. jUm^, refreshj-
ing rain), the hottest part oft
the dry season just as the raina
are beginning ; the dry seasorm
ran% including basara, lasts!
about eight months, then fol- /
lows damana the wet season,
which lasts three months, then
kakka the harvest season,
which lasts one month.
bashe ^J^, but, A 84; d.fache,
bashi u^l^, pi. basusuka UiumiIj
(cf. (?) Ar. ^^, to invest
capital), debt, credit; shina da
bashina he owes me; this might
also be expressed ina binsa
bashi; cf. under bi.
bashi i<wQ, to give up; cf. 6a.
bofira* Sjt^t Ar. ijt^^ prudence, I
sagacity, discernment; B 152 i
en'ba ahinni ba anyi basira |
ba if there be no knowledge /
there is no discernment. /'
bat(t)a l^, pi. bat{t)ochi ^^y a\
small box usually made of
skin, e.g. a snuff-box.
\
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21
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hata C-*^, to destroy, lay waste,
spoil, perish; ya hata may
either be * it is spoilt' or *he
destroyed,' F 176 malika ya
batansu the angel shall afflict
them, hata hainya to lose the
way, hata zanche to make a
mistake; cf. hache,
batache ^JJ^, f. hatachia ItA^) P^*
hatatu yiZf, spoiled, destroyed,
wasted.
hatachi ^J^, destruction.
hatas i^^mI^, to destroy, to waste,
to spend.
X • X «•
hatasda jciu 2 j = hatas ; hata^da
hainya to lose the way.
hatsini* ^^yJ^i^, Ar. 0^> within,
B 35 note.
hattu y^ (apparently a Fulah
word), conversation; yi hattu
to converse.
hatunda* tjUI^, conversation; cfc
hatwre ^jy-i or haturi jyHi (Ka-
nuri id.) Arab, lit. son of Arab
{tare), a word applied to any
white man or stranger; A 45
mutum uku ne haiuri a lahira
there are three strangers in
heaven ; cf. ture,
hauchi w»>^, slavery; cf. hauta
and hawanchi.
hauda y^, used with hainya =
to deviate from a straight
course; cf. seq.
haudiwa tj^y , causing to deviate;
C 23 tana haudiwa kowa she
makes everyone to deviate
(from the right way).
hauji 9»^, girth; haujin doki
horse girth.
hauna U^, pi. hakani ^IS^ (cf.
Fulah m6at*wa), buffalo.
haure ^jyi or ftore ^jyi^ fig-tree,
% \^
haushi u^^, name of a tree with
edible fruit, its wood is of
a reddish colour.
haushia^ a hedge-hog; cf. hvshia,
^ 6 ^
hauta \jyiy 1. slavery; 2. to serve;
D 42 hawa wand-a ke hauta ta
hanza a slave who has served
a vain service.
ha/uxi 1^1^, f. haiwa 1^^, hauya or
*> • ^ ^ ^
hawuya bj^, pi. 6ayt j<iW or
hai ^, slave; hawan allah
(lit. a slave of God), or simply
hawa, a servant of God.
hawanchi *£^^L^j slavery; cf.
hauchi.
» J ^
hawon* 03^ — hawon itache bark
of a tree.
haya or haia l^l^, the back, the
hinder parts, used also as
preposition, behind, beyond,
below, besides; A 6, note ahi
kan ji fada ta haya kunuwa
he woidd hear behind his ears,
hayan hanu the palm of the
hand, ahin haya the past, that
which lies beyond, hayan hakka
moreover, after this, haya is
frequently followed by ga^ haya
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Ulo 22
ga chin tuo after eating food.
nahaya is used adverbially,
'afterwards.' haya haya, cf.
C 33, * creeping,' an expression
applied to a cat. hayansa in
his absence.
haya*^ to give; cf. mabaya (^llo,
giver, F 14.
haycda* l^Q (cf. Ar. lUt^), a
wide plain, D 75.
hay{y)an{n)a or bay{y)en{n)a ^^
(cf. Ar. ^l^ ii), to declare, make
manifest, spread out, appear;
F 203 moMtriba akahayennasu
those who have made unjust
profits shall be made manifest,
F246.
bayesy to give; cf. ba,
bayesda, to restore; cf. 6a.
baza j^y to spread out, e.g. to
spread out wheat to dry.
bazere'^ L&^JV (cf. (?) Ar. jj^), a
tree the root of which is used
as a charm in childbirth.
bebe ^^^ pi. bebaye ^^y a
deaf and dumb person.
begeyi ,^^J^, a tree the fruit of
which when eaten acts as a
charm to reconcile a husband
and wife; cf. seq.
begi ^^i^ (cf. Ar. ^^)y to long
after an absent friend.
begua tjA^ (Nupe id.), porcupine;
cf. nvakibia.
belbela, see badbilla,
benema* W^*^, a small white diving
bird.
ber, to leave; cf. beri..
bera \j^ or bira \j^ (cf. Ar.
Sjl*), mouse, rat; A 44 ajiar
da ba bera riches free from the
attacks of mice.
berbachi ^j^, horse-fly, called
damiaan dawakiy because spot-
ted like a leopard.
berbaddiy crumbs; cf. barbaddi.
berbera j^j^ (cf . Ar. j^j^ to jab-
ber), to bray ; A 6 shi tada ha-
ba yi jaki berbera.
berbira ]ji^j^y a small black bird
that eats mosquitoes.
berchi ^j^ or berichi ^j^^ sleep ;
D 26 ku yi berchi hi falaka
sleep and awake.
berdo ^j^, pi. berdaye ^\>^, wild
pigeon, also applied to a small
red bird with black beak and
some white feathers.
beret^e {^j^j^, f. bereria ^j-Jji, pi.
bereru ^j>ij^y freed; cf. beri.
bergo ^j^ or burgo j^ (cf. Ar.
^j^, a veil etc.), covering,
blanket; A 32 rana kiama ta
rufu a bergo wuta on the day
of the resurrection she shall
be covered with a blanket of
fire.
ber{r)i ^j;^ or ber ^, to leave,
leave behind, suffer, allow;
A 14 tsqfo ba yin kaya ba sai
dayawa berri an old man cannot
carry a load without leaving
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U<K
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much behind, rnaiberri epi-
thet applied to a carrier who
keeps putting down his load,
A 16, note; berri dai= hut,
however, ber(r)o to leave a
thing and come back, ya herro
shi vrwri chan he left it there
and returned. [For use of
verbs ending in o, cf. gram,
p. 59.] Cf. berere,
berichi, sleep ; cf. berchi.
berima* ^^j Ar. d^^, gimlet.
berke, to tear; cf. barke,
berkete* ^SJ^j^, very many, a
crowd (?); cf. (?) barkatai.
berkono y^lSsj^, pepper; berkono
de/u a small kind of pepper,
berkono tatasai a large kind of
pepper.
JO"
bermushi ^fi^j^, a variegated cloth
used for making turbans.
bema \jj^ or bima ^j^, loss,
waste, G2.
ber{r)oy see ber{r)i.
bersa* ^j^ or birzajj^ (cf. (1) Ar.
iJSij^, to grate), to grind roughly
so as to render unfit for food.
bershi uh^> much less, B 160; cf.
ber(r)i dai, bale, baUhe, bashe,
facile.
berm \^j4, 1. mud dug out to make
a wall; 2. wall; cf. D 28
idan ya fita hankalinaa da
berza if he go out, his wits
remain at home.
beso 3mm^ or baiso y*^, a drink
made of honey, pepper and
water.
^ \^4i ^ follow, to obey; bimbashi
to go after anyone in order to
recover a debt, ina binka ba^hi
you are indebted to me, kana
bina baahi I am indebted to
you. Used with hainya or
tafarki, A 22 suna bi tafarki
toanda ta fandare they fol-
lowed a path that was crooked;
bi dere to go by night.
bia or biya l^ (cf. (?) Ar. rt ^\
1. to pay, to reward; 2. pay-
ment, wages ; bia bashi to pay
a debt.
bial A^, bia/r j^ or biat C^,
five.
biashi ^J^^ to pay; i.q. bia, q.v.
biawa t^, to follow; cf. bi, E 39
mu ke biawa har bakura we
follow the road to Bakura.
bibia l^, 1. judgment; 2. ^-j^,
to judge, to discern, to look
carefully into.
bibini* tj^t^y grumbling, for bim-
bini B 46.
bida^ \^J^, Ar. 3l^J^, anything
new, hence that which is evil,
F 25, note.
bid{d)a jkf, to seek, to search after;
B 4 komi ni ke bida da bukata
that which I seek and need,
sai amhideka (wait) till you
are sent for.
bid{d)o ^jki, to seek and return
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kSJ^
24
^J^
with ; F 130 ya nmfuimmad
hido {8h)etonmu O Mohammed
seek for us salvation.
hidi* ^j^y the inside of a small
ground nut (?).
6*^e* ^Jfc^ or 6i^i lA? seat, place
on ground for sitting; cf. F 71
dunia/r ga babu higi ha za/inna
there is no place for sitting
down in this world.
big{e)ri* iSj^^ place; bigerinsa
instead of it, in its place.
[bigri is possibly derived from
mod. Ar. ^bU^, a place or spot.
bigerinsa may be formed from
this or it and bigri may come
from Ar.^J^, instead of.]
bijaji i^'W^) side plaits of a wo-
man's hair.
bijinta Um^, victory, prosperity;
ya yi bijinta he is prosperous.
bika \Sifgiy pi. bikoka i£>^£^, ba-
boon; cf. gogo.
biki, marriage feast; cf. buki,
biko ^Xtii ^ try to persuade, en-
treat, beg, reconcile.
bilbila, cf. badbilla.
bimbini or binbini ^Ji^i^, 1. grum-
bling, fault-finding ; B 64 mka
binbini refrainfrom grumbling;
2. to grumble, to examine in
order to find fault with, B 18 ;
cf . bibini,
binchik(k)i ^ X l^, f. questioning;
yi binckikki to enquire, to ask
for news.
bxndiga L^ju<L^, pi. bindigogi
^^3^jU^, gun; bindiga da
baki biu double barrelled gun.
The word banduka ^JJ^ is
used by the Arabs in N. Africa
for a gun. It is perhaps a
corruption of the word *Vene-
digo ' ; in former time guns
were largely imported into N.
Africa by the Venetians.
•»•
bindu ^JJ>4, an edible reed, which
grows in water; it is not cooked
before being eaten.
bingi iJ^, a large dark-coloured
male donkey.
bingi iui^, a large cistern, or a
pond of stagnant water = kur-
duduffi.
bingira ji^, to roll, to roll over
in sleep; cf. (?) birgima.
biobashi ^l^^, to collect a debt;
cf. bia.
bi/ra* \j*j or bera* |^, a young
girl (?), a spectre (?).
biraj^, to skip.
bira^ a mouse; cf. bera.
birane, E 19, pi. of bimi, q. v.
birbira, to bray; cf. berbera.
birdvdua, black locust; cf. bardi-
nuwa,
birgami^j^y a large bag for hold-
ing cowries made of skin; cf.
buhu.
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U^j^
25
^J^^
hirgima \^j^ or birkima i.^^j^,
rolling; D 27 shina birkinia
kamanda chocha he rolls like
an ant.
birij^y pi. birai ^JIjJ, biraye ^\)^
or biruna U^, monkey; per-
haps derived from bira to skip.
biribiri j>h^y a small bat.
/ ^^ i . . 'a *
birkichi tJ&j^ or birkiche ^^^^^,
to upset, overthrow, to shake
like a leaf.
birkida JJSdjj, to go back.
birkido jjl£»j^, to come back;
D13.
birkishe* ^JL£djj, to close ; F 80
ic?o shim birkishe (thine) eye
closes.
• •* •
birkonchi* ^^^J^j^, thieving, trick-
ery.
birna, waste; cf. berna.
bimay to bury; cf. bisne.
bimi \Ji^j pi. birane ^vW ^^
bimua \yjj^ [Kanuri berni,
Fulah be7^iol'\, town; it is usu-
ally applied only to large and
walled towns, smaller places
would be called gari, e.g.
masuzua ga ko/ofin birane those
who frequent the gates of the
cities, birnin kano = Kano.
birtuntuna iiCiiJj^, dawa babu ido,
i.e. wheat or guinea corn which
has gone bad, or failed to ripen.
birza, to grind roughly ; cf . bersa,
bi8(s)a Lm^, pi. bis{s)a8he ^J^L*^
or bis(s)aje ^jmX^ (Fulah id.),
animal, beast; bissaslien daji
wild beasts, lit. animals of the
desert, bissashen gidda domestic
animals, lit. animals of the
house.
bis(8)a ^jm4 or abi8(s)a L^\, 1. top,
summit; 2. on, upon; bissa
doki or bissan doki on horse-
back, G 7 wanan litafi ta chika
bissa yerdan allah this account
is completed by the will of
God. abissa is sometimes used
for *in order that,' A 72 ani-
. yar ka dokaka abissa fadi...
thou must take care to say.
bissa gave concerning; mi ka
che bissa gareni what did you
say in regard to me ?
bishara \jJi^ (cf. Ar. j-iL^, to re-
joice, or in II to bring tidings),
1. a letter or paper of intro-
duction ; 2. yin bishara to re-
joice with anyone; cf. albishir,
bishiga, helmet; cf. bvshia.
bismi* j90**^y Ar. in the name, A 1
etc.
bisne ^j!^ or birna ^Jj^, to burj^
biso y^ (cf. (?) Ar. rt J!i^ ii to
dig holes for planting trees),
burial, also applied to planting
of seeds.
biu or biyu y^, sometimes con-
tracted to biy two; nahiuy f.
tabiu second.
biz bizj^ = bis{s)a bis(8)a.
^ '' J ^ J J
bobawa Syi^ or bobotva \^yiyiy
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^yiy^
26
pi. bobaiyi ^^^^, foreign
speech, usually in bad sense;
8U yi hchawa they talked fool-
ishly.
bobua \yiyi, a large fly; it attacks
horses and donkeys.
boda t>^, lowing of a cow or camel.
boena* Uit^, an aquatic plant (?).
boiya, secret; cf. boy a,
boka l^^, pi. bokaye ^^^^^,
quack doctor, wizard, usually
used in a bad sense.
bokcmchi ^^^J^^, the profession of
a boka; cf. prec.
bokkoi ^^^, seven; nabokkoi, f.
tabokkoi, seventh.
bola •>J|^, horse with white face
(and weak eyes ?).
boli* iJyij Ar. rt J|^, 1. to make
water; 2. cf. F 200. inasri-
boli = masubori ; cf. bori,
bombegi 4**^ (cf. Ar. f^^JL^),
harlot.
bori jyfy evil spirit, demon, de-
lirious person; masubori or
rruisubolif persons possessed
with an evil spirit, esp. applied
to women; cf. boli,
borintunki liiUl^j^, a large bird,
species of stork (?).
bota* \jyif handle of knife, axe,
pen, etc.
boy a or boiya, Lj^, hiding, secret;
D 9 enna boiya where there is
a secret, inaboiya hiding-place.
boye or boiye ^yi or boiyi ^yi^
1. to hide, to be hid, B 140
munafadi ba mu boiye 6a we
tell you and hide it not; 2. boi-
yi or aboiyi secretly, B 163
mVfna da murna boiyi we re-
joice secretly; boiyeya hidden,
boyiwa hiding, B 98.
buaya bl^ or bv^iye i^^yi (cf.
Fulah buri\ to exceed, to be
too much for, ya btuiyeni he is
stronger than I, na buayaka
I am stronger than you, abin
ya buayeni it is too difficult
for me, na bttaya I could not
do it ; cf . /aska/re, fu,
bvbe ^y^, a contracted form of
the name Abubekr.
bubv^a k^, an intensive form of
buga to strike.
buda b^, cf. Ar. j^, frost, hail.
buda >^, bude {J>y4, budi ^JX^t
to open, B 163; abude openly;
bvduyyy^y to be open; budede
opened; hainya ta budu (or
budi) the way is open.
budi ^>yi (cf. Ar. rt cjl^ iv, to
excel), wisdom, cleverness.
budv/nia \^jJ>^y pi. bvdurai ^jJ^
(cf. (?) Ar. jjki, to become full
grown), virgin from age of
puberty; C 16 yal budurua
dunia the world is a virgin
child.
J J J
buduruchi ^jj^ or budurua/nchi
^^^jj^y virginity; cf. prec.
buga 4^, to strike, to beat; bv^a
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huga to strike repeatedly, huga
kofa to knock at a door, htiga
bindiga or simply bu^a, to fire
a gun ; cf. btibuga, mah%bgi,
buhu* 3*^, a large sack (at Zaria)
made of skin (=^birgami at
Kano).
buhu* ^m^, cheap.
bvJca bC^, pi. bukogi ^y^, tent,
temporary shed.
bukari* j^yf, Ar. jlx-e-^, iron
compass for drawing circles.
bukdta Ui^, 1. business, merchan-
dise, need, C 52 bai ktdla domin
bukata he cared not for mer-
chandise; 2, Ol^, to need,
B 4 koini ni ke bida da bukata
that which I ask and need.
bukata* U^, blows; D 44, note m
dora bukata suna sa masu uku
uku they heap up blows, they
lay them on them three at a
time.
buki ^ or biki ^ (Fulah id.),
marriage feast ; abin buki any-
thing good to eat, D 83 yi buki
to make a feast.
bula* <)^ (cf. (?) Ar. J^l^, to be
white), a long white robe.
buldla ^\X^y pL buldlai ^>^, a
whip, usually made of hippo-
potamus skin.
btdbudi*, crumbs ; i. q. barbaddi,
q.v.
buma*, rat-trap; cf. burma,
bumhiy palm wine; cf. bam.
bumbu y^, child carried on the
back ; cf. (?) It. bambino.
bummi j^^ intoxicating drink,
palm wine; cf. bam.
buna* U^, eel (?).
bunga bunga, a procession; cf.
ba/nga banga.
bwngOy cover of a book etc.; cf.
bango.
bungulawa* S^'^jJui^, to pour forth ;
F 190 ma^hizai deffi su ka
bungulawa snakes pour forth
poison.
bunauru ^jmJ^y pi. bunaurai ^j^^y
bunsuraye ^-jI^-.^, 'he-goat.
bunuyjy^, pi. bunai ^yi, 1. grass
for thatching or for door-
covers; 2*. black striped cloth
made by natives.
burdka* sJ\j^f the name of the
horse on which Mohammed
ascended to heaven; F 239.
burbishi s^/ii brim, that which
is over.
burbura t/vj^, a large bee.
burbushi, crumbs; cf. burugushe.
burdudugi ^»j^y an edible frog.
burdumi jijtj^, 1. wrapping made
of grass, used for packing
natron or salt; a heap of
natron.
burga l^, stable for a horse.
burgo yij^ or ba/i'^ugo y^j^y marrow.
burgo, covering; cf. bergo.
"* *"*
burgu >^, a large rat = ^a^,
larger than kuMt.
burinia \^j^ (cf. (?) Ar. ^^, to
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by^
plait), large bag made of grass,
used by women; cf. (?) herima,
hurka ^j^, to churn.
burkuti ^^&j^, to grope about
with the hand in the dark.
burma {^j^ or buma* i^, a rat-
trap, e.g. a hole in the ground
used as a trap.
burtu ^j^, a large bird, it lives in
the forest and is said by the
natives to drink only once in
two days.
burtumi ^^, a large (castrated ?)
bull; ci./urtumi.
J J J
burugu >^, a kind of cane which
grows in the water.
buruguslie ^.JL.tj^ or burbushi
JO J
^J^j^, 1. crumbs; 2. lump of
clay (?).
j»j J
buruntu y^j^^ to seize by force, to
despoil a house in war.
bvsa ^jt»yiy to blow, to blow a
trumpet; maibusa one who
blows a trumpet A 78, rana da
maibusa ya busa kafo nasa on
the day when the sounder of the
trumpet shall sound, F 241.
busashe ^JL^yi, blown upon, dried.
bushe ^^, to dry;
bushe bushe ^^>V \jr*^i *^y
kind of wind instrument.
bushia Ijw^ or baushia USr^, a
hedgehog.
biLshia \t^^ or bishiga \JLSi^, hel-
met, protective covering for
the head.
buss j,^, cf. mod. Ar. j^^, suffi-
cient, enough, only, less {=gar
rin)y e.g. nietin goma buss =
190, lit. 200 less 10. Used as
an exclamation = do not speak
more!
busu^ a inat; cf. buzu.
buta D^, small earthenware bottle.
butulshi* ^JJ^ or butulchi ^^JU^
(cf. Ar. JJa^, falsehood, vanity),
ingratitude; E 5 maibutulshi
ba shi tsira he who is ungrate-
ful shall not be saved.
butulu yi^y ungrateful; cf. prec.
butumij^, pi. l^, beehive. In
Hausaland a beehive consists
of a piece of matting or of
plaited bushes placed in a tree;
cf. ainya,
buza \jy^ (Ar. ^Jyi, beer), intoxi-
cating drink made with salt,
honey and water; D 10 aher
sha gia da bam da buza
leave off drinking intoxicating
drinks.
buzu ^jyiy or busu* y^y^ (cf.
(?) Ar. J^, a goat), a mat
made of goat's skin with the
hair on; cf. bunsuru,
J J
buzu* j^yi (a Tuarek word?),
slave.
J J J
buzuzu ^Jj-f, a centipede.
chabura* \)yi^, cf. Ar. jy^,
trouble; F 142 su dor a kira
cliahura ga chahura they shall
begin to call out, they shall
have trouble upon trouble.
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chacha UU, a gambling game
played with cowries or ground
nuts, F 10, note.
cliachagi i^^U), to crackle; used
of split wood or torn paper;
D 72 tana haiki kamal chacluigi
it makes a noise like the split-
ting of wood; cf. change.
c?uige ^kj or tsa^a kk, to tear,
split, rend.
chaia*, obstinate; cf. chuya.
chainye i^(JJ or chinye t*e-^, to
eat, to devour; cf. chi.
chakagi ^^y a large wading bird
with white breast.
chakankami ^^^XJS3y rings made
of brass or iron worn on the
feet by women as ornaments.
chakara* \jXJ, an edible root like
a yam.
chakasahra t^>»C}, head ornament
for horses ; cf . (?) chikasora.
chakpi* ^^^, to attach oneself to,
become a retainer of (?).
chan ^^ or cha/aa ^, 1, yonder,
there; 2. that; used as a de-
monstrative pronoun agreeing
with preceding noun. A longer
form, cliananka jXjJif is some-
times used in written Hausa.
chani* ^0, name of a commen-
tary on the Koran (?); cf. Ell,
note.
chanzayiy hazel nut, almond (?).
ch£ur{r)a jj or chira jj, to crow;
zakara ya c/uira (or ya yi
chara), the cock crew; cf. mai-
chari ^jj or tsari {JjjJ^, cf. Ar.
f^j^y pure, clean, clear; aU
kamma tsari, wheat in good
condition.
cha/r{i)kake ^^SjSsjj or t8ar{i)kake
^S^ji^y past particip. of cha/r-
kaka, q.v. ; cf. t8ar(i)kake,
char{i)ki ij^ji or i8ar(i)ki ^Ssjj»,
purity, holiness ; B 45 allah
shi hamu tsa/rki kwanaki may
God grant us days without
sin, wuri 7naichar{i)ki a holy
place.
cha/rkaka ^Ajj or tsa/rkaka>SkSsjh,
^ J ^
cf. Ar. ^j'fCi to cleanse, make
holy, sanctify, revere; DSl en
ka bishi ka charkakaahi shi haka
chira if you follow and revere
Him, He will grant you salva-
tion. In this and three preced-
ing words initial letter is usually
written i but pronounced J9.
chawanta* C-^J^J, to be estab-
lished (?), D 84, = (?) tsavxmta,
che ^y to say, to suppose; mi
anche (or akache) da shi what
is its name? The pres. par-
ticiple chewa is frequently used,
e.g. shina chewa he is saying.
che i^y the fem. form of the
substantive verb ; ita che it is
she, or she is ; or, followed by
masc. = it is, e.g. A 43 ita che
dalili this is the reason ; cf .
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L5•^^^*^^>J
Nup^, from which it has per-
haps been borrowed.
cheche, to save; cf. cheto,
chechewa, a swallow ; cf. tsaijewa.
chedia GjuJ, a large tree with
milk-like sap.
cJiegi iui, spite; don chegi for
spite.
cherki ,ilp, a black bird which
settles on donkeys and pecks
their backs.
cheto ^Li or cheche ^JmJ, 1. to
save, to deliver; 2. deliver-
ance, A 4 rana da ha cheto
a day on which there shall
be no salvation.
chevxt \^ or chiwa* 1^^, 1. that,
used after the verb * to say ' in
written but not in colloquial
Hausa, and only when it is
desired to lay special emphasis
on the statement which fol-
lows; 2. because, cf. also do-
minchewa,
chi, frequently used as a suffix in
forming abstract substantives,
used also to denote office or
work of person or thing, e.g.
dabamchi difference, diyauchi
freedom, turanchi that which
belongs to a foreigner; cf. simi-
lar use of suffix ji in modem
til ^ ^
Arabic, e.g. i^j^^ cellarer.
chi ^J, to eat, to devour, to
destroy, to gain the advantage
of or over, to gain jurisdiction
over; chi rU>a to make a profit
on a business transaction, chi
sarota to gain possession of a
kingdom, chi gari to capture
or to destroy a place, chi
kasua to trade successfully in
the market, P 169 masuchin
zaka those who stole the tithes,
used in gambling na chi (or
chinta) I win, ahinchi anything
to eat; cf. chida, chinta^ chishe,
nuichia, machikura^ maichi.
chi* ^ (Kanuri id.), mouth.
chiauxi \j^f pi. chichi ^wi^, grass;
chiawa dainyi green grass; cf.
(X)chi,
chiba/ra ^j^ or tsibara* ^^^
(cf. (?) Ar. j-j-d, to heap up), to
roll, to roll into the form of a
ball; used of rolling mud into
balls prior to using it to build
with.
chibaru ^j^, to be rolled together,
to congeal; jinina ya chibaru
sahbada dari raj blood is con-
gealed with the cold.
chibda tjuj (Kanuri id.), or dadin
chibda a sweet smell.
chibia l^, pi. chihioyi ^^j^jmJ, the
navel.
chibia* l^, arrow; cf. kibia.
chibirij^ or chibari j^, anything
round, a pill, a small piece of
anything, e.g. of sugar; chi-
birin kaaa a round piece of
mud; cf. chiba/ra,
chibirihinkini* ^ J ^fSii^j^, small
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reddish berries growing on a
shrub found in sandy places.
chicherro ^jitt^, a black horse ; cf .
akawali,
chichik(k)a IxJJ, yin chichikka to
fill full, to be angry with, F 32
kana chichikka girma ya hauka
thou swellest with pride, thou
fool; cf. chik{k)a,
chichik{k)ofva, see chik(k)ot4Xi.
chichira, see chira,
chid{d)a I jJ, distant rolling thun-
der; cf. a/rradu,
ckida jLjJ, to feed on, to give to
eat; cf. chi.
chidacheto ^jJj^j to bribe, e.g.
a judge.
chigia l^, search; yi chigia or
hada chigia to make diligent
search for.
chiji* ^j^y to bite, B 149; cf.
machiji snake, lit. the biter;
cf . chizo.
chik{k)a iU, to fill, to be filled, to
be complete, in moral sense to
be perfect; ya chikka it is
full, or it is completed, chikkor
wa filling, completion, F 66.
chikka^hcy chikkaka filled, full,
complete, D 52 kuna salla
chikka^ kuna azumi chikkaka
say your prayers in full, fulfil
the fast; chikka bindiga to
load a gun; cf. chik(k)o, chi-
chik(k)a,
chikasora \jymS2y the small bells
placed on horses' heads, rattling
of a bridle; cf. (?) chaikasahra.
ohiki ^JC5, a breadth between two
seams of cloth.
chik{k)i ^Si or ^, the inside, the
belly; da chikki pregnant, chik-
ki daia an expression used of
brothers or sisters, children of
the same mother, also used to
denote kindness, tenderness;
maichikki (or maijiki) one who
is fat; ci, jiki;
chik{k)in ^^jSi or dagga chikkin
v>^ &>, within, into; chikkin
gidda at home, chikkinsa may
either be * inside it' or *its
inside.'
chikirikidda Ijl ^ S. }, a fowl
plucked for cooking.
chik(k)Oy complement; kaiuo chik-
konsu fill them up.
chiJc{k)owa Ij^aj or chichik(k)owa
tj^CS, a flood; cf. chik(k)a or
(V)jiJka to be wet.
chUikotva tj^xU, magpie; it eats
locusts (= Ar. oUie).
chima O or chimaka \ \ ^ j,
food, victuals; cf. chi.
chimayi i^tf^ or chimma jji^ to
go with, to accompany.
chimbaya ^U^, lit. to backbite,
to slander, to whisper ; cf . chi
haya,
chim(m)i* ^^p3 or chim{m)a* l^
a ^
(cf. Ar.^, to put right), skill,
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contrivance, D 49 bdbu chimi
ha dibara, no skill nor craft.
chinaka i£>U3 or chirnaka »Uw,
very small black ants with a
sting.
chinchinta* LuJLlJ, worthy, hem
chinchinta en yi hakka I am
not worthy to do this ; yi chin-
chinta or chench^nta to love (?).
^ o d
chingara \jm^, to skip words in
reading, lit. to eat like ants
(gara), i.e. leaving spaces here
and there untouched, A 73
kadda ka ratsa chikkinta kai
mata chingara do not pass
over its contents, or miss a
word in saying it (the Koran).
chinewa \yj3 (cf. (?) Ar. ^^iJ, to
swear with a reservation), to
spread false news = kormoto.
chingi ^Ju<L.i, to eat much, to
devour.
chinia l^, pi. chinioyi i«!%$<^,
thigh, leg.
chiniki i^)Uj (cf. Fulah yaunoki),
trade, business, barter ; yi chi-
niki to do business, to haggle
over the price of anything.
chinta w^, in casting lots = I win.
chira j^, chire ^jti, chiro ^j^
or tsira j^, tsire {Jlji^ or
tsiro jj^ (cf. (?) Ar. ji i, to
sprout, to restore, to cut off,
IV to throw down), 1. to pluck,
e.g. fruits from trees, to pull
out, to lift up ; 2. to grow, to
sprout, to arise ; 3. to deliver,
to save, to be saved ; chira
\j^ or chira/ro ^jj^^y deliver-
ance, safety; D 74 allah shi
aamu chiraro mu chira may
God presei've us... that we may
be saved; chichiraj^, to tear
up ; chirasda j^jjy to deliver ;
chiri* ^jJ, resurrection ; C 1 1
bai san gidda na chiri he
knows not the place of the
resurrection; cf. chiri.
chira^ to crow ; cf. char{r)a,
chirara \)\jJ, nakedness, ya yi chi-
rara he is naked. •
chira/ri* jjj^ boasting.
chiraro ^jji, 1. safety; cf. chira-,
2. naked ; cf. chirara.
^ • -'
chirasda j>^jJ, to deliver; cf. chira.
chiri ^j5, to break, yi chiri to
flee ; cf . (?) chira.
chirnaka, see chinaka.
chirmna Uji^J, title given to a
son of a king, sometimes ap-
plied to the heir to the throne.
The word is probably borrowed
from the Bornuese language,
in which the syllable rtia when
used as a suffix corresponds
to the same syllable in Hausa
used as a prefix ; cf . galadima.
chisal Jbi^J, a disease in the
mouth or lips of infants; cf.
(?) chiso.
chishe j^AJ, to feed.
chit{t)a w, small red pepper; cf.
chitafo.
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chitafo ^ilJ, a bush from the fruit
of which is obtained a kind of
pepper.
chitta U3, the day following gata^
which = the day after the day
after to-morrow, i.e. the fifth
day.
chiuta U^, n. sickness, disease,
evil ; B 12 chiuta da jahili
hanwa kai nai the evil of the
ignorant man will take him
away, A 63 ; cJdutan himi ~
syphilis.
chiutu yiyj^ to become ill ; B 143
kowa shigga chikki nata ya
chiutu whoever enters it be-
comes diseased.
chiwa, see chewa,
chitoo ^ytf sickness, illness, jin
chiwo or yin chiwo to be ill,
da chiwo ill, or to be ill ; chiwo
na sabon dawa a fever which
breaks out when the guinea-
corn (dawa) is ripe; to prevent
being attacked by it, the
Hausas give presents of dawa
to the poor.
chiwo ^yi, a large palm tree with
hard fruit (cocoanut 1), native
rope is made from it ; cf . dan-
kon chiwo,
chiwuki iJ^^i a noise made by
the mud-fish (gaiuxi).
chiumta, see chiuta.
chizo ^j^, 1. bite; 2. chizo or yi
chizo to bite ; cf. chiji.
chocha \3yjy an ant, D 27 shina
R.
hirhima kamanda ehocha he
rolls like an ant.
choro ^j^j (cf. Ar. jj3, fright,
fear), another form' of tsoro,
q.v. ; cf . F 6 note.
chuda tj|y) or chvdavxi tj^^-f, to
mix milk with anything, to
mix together, to rub; chuda
yimbu to mix mud for building
purposes.
*• X J J
chukumara \ji^ju (cf. Ar. jJLA^\y
Freyt. ii. 95), cheese.
chukuru/a, ijtj^i a small bag
used for carrying salt in
(probably borrowed from the
Tuareg language).
chuma*j^j A.T, then, C 50.
chuna ^JyJ, 1. to invite another
to share one's food ; 2. =chineuxi
q.v.
churi ^jy>, a handful of mud,
flour, etc., squeezed out; equi-
valent to dunkfde ; cf. (?) chi-
ha/ra.
chuahe ^^yf, 1. a large amount
collected together, e.g. men,
grain, etc. ; 2. a medicine
which is poured into horses'
mouths.
chuta, sickness; cf. chiuta,
chuya* l^j, to be obstinate; cf.
D 52 kadda ku chuya kuna
takama be not stubborn nor
walk proudly.
da 3, and, if, da,., da both... and.
da 3, with, used to denote the
instrument; ya yenki da wuka
3
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W3
he cut with the knife: used
with verbs of coming and going
to express the act of taking or
bringing, ya taffi da shi he
took it away, ya zo da shi he
brought it here. It is com-
bined with substantives to form
adjectives, e.g. da rai alive, da
anfani useful; when preceded
by tare = together with ; da safe
in the morning, da wwri early,
dadadi sweetly, dakarifi power-
fully.
da >, when, used in the same way
as soAjmda or yanda.
da >, used like wonda or wodanda;
A 31 mata da he taffia a woman
who goes, abinda that which.
da >, to have, to possess. In an
expression such as suna da
yunwa they are hungry, da
may be either a prep, or verb;
ina da shi or simply da shi
there is, there are, ina da su
dayawa there are many.
da b or doja l> or lokachin da
-» » -» »
\^ ^>*£D»y , of old, in olden time,
F73.^
da t> or dan ^, pi. yaya IjL or
yaw ^jjy 1. son; dan amina =
Mohammed, dan uwana^ lit.
child of my mother, is used for
brother or as a term of endear-
ment ; 2. da when followed by
the name of a place means a
native of that place, e.g. dan
zozo a native of Zozo ; 3. it is
used to suggest character or
occupation, ag. dan ddki a
servant, dan yahi a soldier,
dan gari a citizen, cf. A 15;
4. it forms the diminutive of
many nouns, e.g. dan kasiui
a little market, dan gatari a
small hatchet; 5. it denotes
the young of animals, e.g. dan
tttmkia a kid, dan zaki a young
lion; 6. free as opposed to a
slave; ni da ne ha bawa I am
free, not a slave, cf. diya; dam,
alaro a hired carrier, dam, go-
Tumfa one who carries his own
load, yi da to beget. (The
forms dan and yan are the
simple forms da, ya with the
prep, na affixed.)
cUia* U^, Ar., prayer; cf. addua.
dabam j^^ or ,j>-v> or daha/m
dabaniy different, apart from;
cf . bam ba^n.
dabamchi w<JL^> or wn^3, differ-
ence; cf. bambamchi.
dahdra ljt^3 or dubdra Ijl^^, Ar.
Sjii^, contrivance, skill, counsel ;
yi dahara to advise; in D 49
the form dibara occurs, babu
chimi ba dibara no skill or
craft.
daharun* ^^>, Ar. ^3, back of (?),
F 180 note.
dabba l^^ or dabbo yf^, pi. dahboni
^^^ or dabbobi ^yi> (pro-
bably from Ar. ^b, an animal
that crawls or moves slowly),
Fulah id. C 5 note ; beast, crea-
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bi?3
ture ; applied to horses, cattle,
etc.
daheheyi j^*^3, a rope to hobble
the front feet of a horse; cf.
(?) haihaiyi,
clabino y!^y (Fulah id.), date ;
itachen dahino or dahino date
tree.
dabori* j^y palate.
dachi w>>, bitterness; cf. doachi.
d(id(d)a^^, often pronounced deddi,
to increase, to go on doing any-
thing, to augment, to surpass,
to linger ; C 49 muna dadda go-
dia we continue giving thanks,
C 7 dada muna tsofa wait
till we grow old, ran zamna
nan ya deddi we stop here a
long time, wanom ya deddi
wonchan this is better than
that, alia ya deddi rainka
may Grod prolong your life,
dad{d)awa^ 1^33 or dad(d)ewa
t^^^^ lasting, tim daddewa a
long time since, kaka dedde-
wanka da zaka kare how long
will it be before you finish?
dadade ^>33, from a long time ;
cf. dad{d)ua,
dada* t^^, used in Sokoto for kuma
again; cf. F 246 note, al-
ready (?).
dadafa* li>^, used in Sokoto for
daidai correct, etc.
dadafa i», to grind to powder,
perhaps = dadaka.
dadai ^33, ever, or used with
negative verb, never until now;
cf. B 116, D 38 hako gari ha
ka zo dadai ha a strange city
to which thou hast never before
come, dadai han gani ha I
never saw it.
dadaidai* ^j^i^b, a strengthened
form of dadi or possibly of
daidai ; cf . B 49 mu ji dadaidai
we feel glad, B125.
dadaka i)>>, intensive form of
dakkttf q.v.
dad(d)ewa, see dad(d)a.
dadi ^>b, sweetness, happiness,
comfort; cf. A 12 zaka aha
dadi nata thou shalt taste of
its sweetness, dadin zuchia
happiness, ji dadi to feel happy,
sa dadi to please, maddadi
pleasant, da dadi sweet, nice,
agreeable.
dad{d)owa \^^^^, broth made from
the fruit of the dorowa tree.
dadoia* U33, a plant resembling
mint.
^ 3 ^
dad(d)ua l^>>, increase, growth of
a plant, e.g. ya yi daddua\ cf.
dad^^d)a.
daf{f)a si^^ and da/{f)atJoa l^>,
to support oneself with the
palm of the hand in raising
oneself up,
dafa/i* ^^l?3, blue; possibly from
daffa to cook, so to prepare in
a dye pit.
daf{f)a/ra tjlJS (cf. (?) Ar. and
Pers. o!/W» saffron), a herb,
Z—2
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36
CH>
the root of which is beaten up
with a pestle and put in milk
to keep it good, and also to
thicken it and increase its bulk
for cheating purposes = loda,
dafari ^j^3, at first, before, in
former times; cf. nafari and
fari,
daffa >Jl (cf. (?) Ar. iJb, to
moisten or macerate in water),
to cook, to boil, to confuse;
cf. B 14 note, shi kan daffa
kai nai he would be utterly
confused, madaffa or wurin
d,ajffi a place for cookiug, mai-
daffi a cook, daffafe cooked,
daffafe da rua boiled.
fe . ^y to stick to, to cleave to.
daffua \^y cooking; wurin daffua
kitchen, cf. madaffa.
daj\f)i, poison; cf. dej{f)i.
daga* Ub, war (?); cf. jadaga^
kayan daga.
dag{g)a py from, from within, out
of, at; dagga enna whence, dag-
ga enna ka fito whence did
you come 1 da^gga chan thence,
there, yonder, da^ga nan here,
from here, dagga chikki in,
from within, dagga ga/reau from
them, dagga nsaa from afar.
dagangany to no purpose ; cf . ganga.
dagazo* ^J^y strong = kato.
da^gumi j^^y a collar made of
cloth used in war as a protec-
tion for the back of the neck.
da>g{g)ura* \jhy nerves, veins =
jijia.
dai ^y again, indeed; usually
found in compounds, e.g.saidai,
harda% dadai ; cf. B 36 note.
daia or day a Ij^, one; daia daia
one at a time, one here one
there, daianku one of you,
daiana me alone, daiansu they
alone, or, one of them, ku berni
ni daiana leave me alone, ber-
ahi daianaa leave him alone;
daia is often used as an in-
definite article, wuri daia to-
gether, ko daia (in negative
sentence) not even one, duka
daia ne they are all alike,
wanan daia kaman wonchan
this is the same as that.
daiawa, much; cf. dayawa,
daibOy to taUe out; cf. debo.
daidai ^JJiy alike, correct, just,
suitable; ya yi daidai it is
correct (an expression used in
counting money), na tsaya dai-
dai I stand upright.
daidaiche* ^^^J^y to be similar
to (or, one by one ?) ; cf . A 9
8uka daidaichs chihkin alka-
Jirai they alike are among...
daidai^ C^jj^y to make things
equal or parallel, to make like,
to direct aright.
daii or d(^yi ^y a small prickly
herb with bitter taste eaten by
camels (= Ar. j|/^).
daina ^3 or dena ^3, to cease,
to desist from; cf. ¥ S3 ku
hankuri ku daina be patient,
cease (lamenting).
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QiOo^z
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37
Ub
dainye j-^Ji or dainyi ^^3, pi.
dainyoyi ^yj>y fresh, green,
unri2)e, raw ; dainyen itache
leaves, nama dainye uncooked
flesh; cf. gainya (cf. (?) Ar.
daji •.!>, forest, open fields, wil-
derness; never used of actual
desert.
daka^ to beat; cf. dakka,
dakali J^> (cf. Ar. AJli&>, thin
clay), a mud bed built in a
house, an altar.
<> X ^ J ,f ^
dakara jl^b, pi. dakaru j»ji£>t>,
a soldier belonging to a king's
body-guard; cf. (?) doga/ri.
dak(k)et %:u£»> or daJc{k)ir j^^,
with difficulty.
daki ^-^t^, ^-£»3, pi. dakuna
U^t3, a room in a house {gid-
da)y but often used for the house
itself, especially if it consists
of but one room; A 13 dunia
7ian kamal daki ta ke this
world is like a room, madaki
chamberlain, F 227.
dakile ^^^h, Ar. Ji^, to prevent,
to refuse, to forbid; B 130 ka
dakile shiru ha ka amsa ha
dost thou silently refuse and
givest no answer?
dak{k)ir, with difficulty; cf. dak-
{k)et,
dakka iJ>, Ar. id., to beat, to
thresh or grind com; cf. (?)
duka; doke, dirka.
daJcokoi* ^^^9^, 1. abundance
of anything, e.g. food, or cow-
ries; 2. the owner of abundance.
f i J ^ ^ a » i
dakolua t^JL^3 or dokolua t^XiS>3,
a hen which is laying eggs;
the word is also applied to a
woman.
^ 3 ^
dakua S^S^y a kind of sweetmeat
made from the fruit of a grass
or reed ; cf . aia.
J J *>
dakiU{l)um ^^oX£»^^ always; cf. kul-
dakwora \j^^y the name of a
thorny tree with hard wood
like mahogany.
dala Nib, the name of a rocky hill
inside Kano; the name of the
other hill is goron duchi,
dal{l)a8he ^^^ or dolishi ^.^>,
to be blunt.
dalili ^J^^i Ar. Ji^J^, cause, origin,
proof, sign, reason; F 19 dalili
ko akan maitamhayawa this is
the reason, if anyone asks.
daina Ub (in Kanuri cfetma = re-
covery, etc.), right, right hand,
right side E44, better, oppor-
tunity ; ji dama to feel better,
to improve in health, da dama
a little more, da dama dama
moderately, sai rta ga dama
unless I wish, ya yi damja it
were better, ha ya samu dama
ha he had not the opportunity,
ha ni da dama I have not time
to, I do not wish to; cf.
damichi.
daTna, to mix, to confuse; cf. dame.
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38
U>«>
damachiri jIa^ or damatsiri jitt^y
a small snake.
damai ^>, confusedly; B li2 ka
kafia danim maiafkatoa thou
slippest confusedly and art
about to fall; of. dame,
damamia le«.«^, what is mixed up
together, mortar; cf. dame,
ddm{m)ana Lut^ or ddm(in)ijma
U«b, 1. the wet season, lasting
about three months; cf. rant;
2*. sickness; cf. (1) A 42.
dam>ankad(d)a IjJUL^^, a small
plant used as a medicine for
guinea worm.
damdra \j^y girdle; yi dama/ra
to gird oneself; cf. dam/re to
bind.
dama/richik{k)i ySUj^y girdle; cf.
damre and chik{k)i,
<» <» ^ ^ ^ ^
domiaaa L^^ot^ (cf. Ar. ^jm^y to be
obscure or dense), confusion,
dama^{?)a/ra \j[ ^ 4>, maize; cf.
?/jaij(«)ara.
damban%a ^^j-^^ or b^i.^^, rat,
mouse (lit. child of the hole;
cf. ba/ria).
c2am6e ^^^> or ^^iJ^, 1. to give a
blow, to box; 2. a blow.
dambiri >^> or ^>, a bush cat
with a bad smell.
c^7/i6 j^t^ or dem{m)i ^hy pi.
damuna U*b, bundle, bunch,
slieal
rfame ^^ or ctama ^^, to mix.
to stir as mortar, to make
giddy, to perplex, to confuse,
to annoy, to stagger ; ya da-
mesu it astonished them; damn
^•«b to be perplexed; cf. damtuif
dam>aiy damamfiia,
dam/am(m)i ,j^^, fence = danga^
q.v.
damfa/re ^j^y to press, to push
so as to cause to stumble, to
embrace, to squeeze; used e.g.
of the outside cover of a book,
ya damfa/reahi,
damichi ^JU^ or dam^hi ^*Lo>,
pi. dam^asa LL«^ (Fulah dam-
che\ the upper part of the
arm from the shoulder to the
elbow, the right arm; F 242
ahina damshi muhammad he
shall be at the right hand of
Mohammed; cf. dam^.
da/mi8{8)a \ ,>i>,.o, pi. dam,i8(8)ai
^ ^
^^«M^^, leopard; d. dawaki horse
fly; cf. berbachi,
damre ^j^>, daure \£j^y damfira*
^ » -» ^ l^
j^^ or darmi* ^^j^ D 13, to
bind, tie, gird, put under a
spell; F 233 adamra sUiyu
datna hauni chains shall be
bound on their right and left
hands; damrwre ^t>-«>) pi.
damraru ^jSj^y bound, girded;
damre fuska to frown, damre
ma^ana to take heed to, to
hold to an agreement.
damshi, arm; cf. damichi.
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^
dwmshi pl«o> moisture.
dam,(rn)u y^y a large yenomous
lizard (draconina ?).
damn, to be confused ; cf. dame,
damua l^^b, astonishmeiit ; ji
damica to be astonished.
damuna, sheaves ; cf . dame,
dan, son of; cf. da.
da^nda IjJ^, a horse with white
forehead and white forelegs;
mutum ya yi dxmda the man
becomes white, i.e. with disease.
damdaka J jJ^ or dendaki ^-£» Jj^,
an intensive form of dakka to
strike; D 15 azaha anadamdor
kasa kaman kUago his pain is
as though he were a skin that
is beaten; to pound or break
up again.
^ 6 ^
da/ndali ^jJ> (Kanuri id.), court,
yard, or entrance-room of a
house, esp. of a king's house.
damdam.a O J^^ or damdani ^mJJJ^,
to taste, test, examine; mor-
dandani ^jjju, taster, B 17
madandaninka hashi reggi chir
uta grant to him who tastes a
lessening of his sickness.
danddna Ut jJ>, a grass used as a
medicine by women.
danfa/rka v%aj>, diild of a harlot;
cf . farika.
danga \»jy pi. dangogi ^^^
(Kanuri id.), a fence round a
garden, a garden ; cf . • dami
and dajnfam{m)i.
39 J^,
dangab(h)a Ckj^, breast-band for
horses made of cloth or wool.
aangana ^jJu^, 1. to lean upon,
to recline, 2. to rely on, 3. to
weep (?).
dangana UJlj^, children whose
parents having died soon after
their birth have been entrusted
to a stranger to bring up.
dangaram(m)a Ujii^, threshold or
raised ridge in front of a door ;
cf . garam(m)a.
dangari ^^, citizen ; A 15 kowa
ya zo ya louche da hako dan-
gari everyone comes and goes,
both stranger and citizen.
dangi ^^, a shield made with
straw; cf. gerkua.
danrgurum/a ^jiul (lit. son of
a hat), a carrier who carries a
load belonging to himself as
contrasted with damrdlaro a
hired carrier.
dani ^^, the span measured by
the thumb and first finger.
dankam* ^^^, for ever ; B 73
dadai anazama dunia dankami
will the world indeed last for
ever?
dankali JUu^ (convolvulus bata-
tas), sweet potato, very com-
mon throughout the whole of
Hausaland and in some districts
it forms the only available
food ; its shape resembles that
of a thick parsnip, in taste it
is sweeter than either parsnip
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J^>
or yam; for description and
use of cf. *Hausaland/ p. 155.
dankira* jS!j^, to press, to com-
press.
danko yU> or dunko yu^y india-
rubber (cf . gumji)y glue, gum •
C 21 ta dada danko riko she
will continue to stick like gum;
dankon zumua beeswax; dan-
kon kedainya oil from the
shea-butter tree; dankon chiwo
the material with which native
rope is made ; cf . chiwo,
dan magurji, snake ; cf. magurji.
danra^uwa t^^>, a red bird (a
species of plover ?) ; cf . rOigo,
danuha L>>, a sore at the root of
a finger-nail.
danzumu y^j^y the son of a
friend or relation; cf. zumu.
da/r(r)a or der{r)a Ij^, a game
played with cowrie shells,
which are placed in little
holes in the ground, or are
arranged on a board marked
with squares. It is considered
a disreputable game, though
not so closely connected with
gambling as chacha; F 11, E
16 ku her na da/rra da tsalum-
shi musulmi cease from play-
ing da/rra and from deceit,
Mussulmans.
daraja U^^ or darajia l^*-)^, Ar.
^j>9 glory, honour, gorgeous
dress; A ^7 ya ba iyaye da-
raja he showed honour to his
parents.
da/ran'a* jj^ to ridicule (1).
dari ^j^ a hundred ; A 39.
ddri jb (cf. (1) Ar. j^ to rain
copiously), cold; ya yi 'da/ri
it is cold, dari ya kamani I
have caught cold, na ji da/ri
I feel cold.
da/r{r)i or der(r)i j>, small deer or
hart with horns, larger than
harewa,
daria Ljj^ (cf. (?) Ar. Ij>, to
treat with contempt), laughter,
smile; yi daria to laugh, ba
or bada daria to cause laugh-
ter ; ya bashi daria he turned
him into ridicule.
divriwoye i^^j>i to rinse with
water, to clean ; cf . gariwoya,
da/nrni i^j>, to bind, D 13 ; cf.
damre.
darni* ^j^ (cf. (1) Ar. C>iJ^j ^^7
branches), fence ; cf . danga,
dasa* t-rf^, a bottle, = tasa, q.v.
da^ashi ^j/L^y gums, in Sokoto
the form daaori ^j^^ is used ;
niaidasashi a person who has
no teeth.
dashi ^J^y a tree, the bristles of
which are used for rubbing
the teeth with; the tree has
a milky sap.
daso* ^\y a drop ; equivalent to
duggo, q.v.
datijo, a person of importance;
cf. dotijo.
datsai ^^> for dadaiy B 120.
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41
bb
dau^^, a contracted form of domka]
cf . do,
daua, an open place where grass
has been burnt, any large open
place; probably = c?at-«?a.
dauda \^^^ (cf. Ar. ^b, to be
maggoty), dirt, filth, da dau-
da dirty, yi dauda to make
dirty; daudam kune the wax
in the ear.
daudanhayi ^^A^^^^^ tops or
bristles of a grass, which have
short spikes and are very ad-
hesive.
daudu ^^> (Nup^ id.), a title of
respect given to a ruler; in
Kano it is given to the heir
to the throne ; in Zaria to the
galladima,
dauka or doka ^^>, often con-
tracted to dau or do ^^, 1. to
take, take up, take hold of,
take away, receive, dauka rua
to draw water, A 25 ; 2. ya
doka jeji he went into the
desert; dauko ^r^^y to take for
^ ^ 6 ^
oneself ; daukaka %2JL£» «>, or dav^
kake ^^^^y a strengthened
form of dauka to lift up, exalt,
B 147; ia daukakaka ya/nzu ta
gochima it takes you up now,
it makes you fall ; raadaukaka
the exalted one.
daukaka or dokaka I v ^^^, a
lengthened form of dukia pos-
sessions ; C 39 maiaon daukaka
ruma dunia he who desires the
possessions of this world; 3*.
a man of wealth or import-
ance.
dauko, to take for oneself, to ac-
cept; cf. dauka,
davXa* U^> or ahin daula desire,
object of desire (?).
J ^ t ^
dauraro or doraro ^j\j^> or daur
rara* ^j\j^>i to look round,
to go round ; B 127 shi wanda
ke tudu dorara he who is on a
hill sees all round ; cf . dauro,
daure, occasionally used for damrcy
to bind, q.v.
dauri ^j^>, to endure patiently,
to suffer.
dauri j^y 1. a medicine given to
young children as a preventa-
tive against disease; 2. twisted
locks of hair arranged on either
side of a woman's face (cf. Ar.
6j\^^f curl of a moustache).
daurly early, etc. ; cf. dawuri,
ckmria ^j^y a small addition to
a carrier's load.
dauro ^j^y a small edible grain
somewhat like giero.
dauro or doro ^j^y cf. Ar. rt j^y
to look at, to fix the gaze
upon \ J) ^^ 8U ka doro su ka
hershi they look in his face,
they leave him ; cf . dau/raro,
dawa \^\^ (sorghum vulgare), gui-
nea corn, i.e. a species of mil-
let with small red grains, called
in Egypt dhurra. The plant
grows to the height of eight
or ten feet. The grain, which
is exceedingly hard, is ground
Digitized by
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«>>
42
•^*
between two stones and made
into a sort of porridge which
has a sour insipid taste. The
four principal kinds of dawa
are kawra used for feeding
horses, fa/rafara used when
ground up for making gruel,
muramura cooked and eaten
whole, giwakamba used as a
medicine for rubbing on the
eyes; dawa forms the staple
food of the Hausa people (cf.
*Hausaland,' pp. 153, 154); an
intoxicating drink is made
from it; cf. gia,
dawa* \^y Ar. St^^, ah unin-
habited place, e.g. a desert
or forest.
da/waMy horses, pi. of dokiy q.v.
dawamaji^^ (cf. Ar. rt ^^^), to
remain, to continue, maidor
wama continuing; cf. duma.
dawamia Lo^^, continuance; C 15
enna da zama na dawa/ma
where is a state of continu-
ance; D 79 giddan dawama,
i.e. heaven.
dawo ^^y to come back, to re-
turn; cf. dawoiyo.
datvoinya ^^y to toil for, to
seek after; B 52 ahina da-
woinya da abin wqfi he toils
after vanity.
dawoinya IfJ^^, attention shown
to strangers ; cf . prec.
dawoiya or dawoya ^^, to re-
turn from a place ; cf . seq.
J J ^
dawoiyo or dawoyo ^^>9 to return
to A place.
dawzMri j^% or dauri j^^, early,
long ago, in former time.
dayawa or daiawa \yjy sometimes
pronounced diyawa or deyawa
much, great, abundant ; cf . yor-
vxi and mayawa,
dayi ^-j^ a small herb with thistle-
like prickles eaten by horses,
etc.
dazu ^3^, already, formerly.
debe ^^^ or debo y^x to take off,
take out, pluck from, un-
dress; debe ma or debo ma
to draw water; debo used as
an imperative means, take and
bring it here; cf. use of wanko.
decha* li>>; a sore at the comers
of the mouth.
deddiy to continue ; cf . dada.
dede, see daidai,
def(f)a* \^^ (cf. Ar. v^^ ni and
iJ^), in F 192 = to destroy.
^/(/)^ or da/{/)i ^i (Fulah
id.), poison obtained from
snakes, plants, etc. ; F 109
deffi 8u ka bungulawa they
pour forth their poison.
dege ^^y pi. degogi i^'^y^X a
graminivorous animal (bad-
ger (?)), it comes out at night.
deg{g)iy relations ; A 8, cf . dengi.
dek{k)i dek{k)i Jj^^, separately.
dela t^>) numbness ; dela ya ka-
ma kafata my leg is gone to
sleep.
delta *>)>, name applied to the
Digitized by
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4)>
43
>^>
Austrian Maria Theresa dollar
which circulates to a limited
extent throughout Hausaland,
yalue ahout three shillings.
della* diy, dogs.
demanta* wU^>, to wonder at.
demi ^> or dumi jiy used with
rua^ Tucm demi hot water;
rcma da dumi it is hot.
dem{m)i, a sheaf ; of. dame,
dena ^JJ^^ to cease ; cf . daina.
dendaki, to strike ; cf . dandaka,
dengi ij> or denga uu> or deg{g)%
&S, pi. dengoyi ^^>»i>, rela-
tion, friend, the singular is
often used for the plural;
B 104 ni dai ina gaya m^aku
dengina I indeed tell you my
relations.
dera, to jump ; cf. dir{r)a,
derduma \*c^jy a mattress made
of cloth.
dere ^j^ or der(r)i jy night, esp.
the time between lisha and
jijifi; cf. H. Gr. p. 64, da
dere by night ; cf . proverb,
hadan mutum ya yi maku
rana ku yi masa dere, lit. if
a man makes day for you do
you make night for himi i.e.
do you reward evil for good?
B 56 ehikkin dere ko ko jijifi
by night or just before the
dawn ; jia da dere last night.
derejia, honour, etc. ; cl da/rc^a,
dero, to jump ; cf . dia'{r)a.
derto* yij^ a file.
deasa ^y to plant, used of plant-
ing trees.
dewa, contracted form of dad-
{d)ewa\ cf. under dad{d)a.
dia, offspring ; cf . diya,
diba* ^^^, diba kamna to sneer (1) ;
ct{t)^debe.
dibajo* fr^y Ar. id., cloth worked
with gold inside.
did{d)iga* l^^^, sum 1 cf. kidda,
did(d)igiy heel ; cf . dudv^/e,
dig{g)a, a drop ; cf . dug{g)o,
dik(k)u8lii*y to kneel; cl durku-
shi.
dila U>, pi. diloli tJ|>3>, jackal.
dUa* Ub^, melon.
dilali JMy Ar. JU^, a broker. In
Hausaland nearly all buying
and selling are conducted
through brokers, who receive
5 p. c. of the price paid; yi
dilali to do business, to trade.
dilanchi %£«UJ>, trading; maidi-
lanchi one who trades.
dilkushi, to kneel ; cf . durkushi.
dilo y>, a tall straight tree.
dimajo ^^^> (Fulah id.), the off-
spring of a slave and a free
person.
^JO JO
dimbujin zu/a \^j (>%^>, small
red beads worn round the neck
by women ; cf . dumhaji,
dimi* j^^ (cf. Ar. ^i^y striped
cotton stuff), white native cloth
(calico 1).
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I^lju^
44
kS^^>
dim{m)i dawa t^tjL«3, firefly.
J
dimso y*^^i to take a handful, to
fill the hand.
dindimi ^ju> (cf. (?) Ar. ^>,
to water or run, of the eyes),
to be dim, used of the eyes.
^ ^ ^
dingishi JUtiuy (cf. (?) Ar. jU>, to
walk with difficulty under a
burden), temporary lameness.
dir{r)a jy or dir{r)o ^j^ or cfera
jjy or dero ^jjy or dir{r)i ^j^
(cf. (?) Ar. j^, to run swiftly),
to jump, jump down, leap as a
grasshopper.
dira* or cfra* tj>, Ar. cljS, cubit;
cf , kamu.
^ ^ a
dirgaza \}^jy dough.
dirime, to upset ; cf. durimi.
dirje ic*-j^) to bruise, knock off.
dirka ^£>;^, a large beam stuck in
the ground to support a roof.
dirka iJ^j^y a game played by
foi-tune-tellers, etc. in order to
discover secrets; F 11 X;a ber
darra duka da dirka duka da
saia give up all playing of
darra and dirka and stealing.
dirka* j)jy, to beat; F 106 suna
dirkanka har kuahe-kusheya
they will beat thee till thou
art sore ; cf . tsirka, dakka,
dirunibua ^y^^j^t an armlet of
plaited grass worn by children;
cf . rmrdma,
diya l^^, 1. offspring, whether male
or female, daughter, maiden,
girl, brood of animals, fruit of
tree ; C 25 en ko diya ta baka
anshiwa ta ka yi if perchance
she give thee offspring she will
snatch it away ; 2. one who is
free as contrasted with a slave
(cf. da) ; diyalrana* Ut^JU^,
mirage.
diyantaka i^2lj>, freedom; cf. seq.
f^ " . . *"
diyauchi w^^> or diya/nchi w^>,
.» *» ^ *
freedom, liberation from sla-
very, sonship.
do or dau j>, to take, a shortened
form of dauka\ A 20 vM^ih
mu do hayasu we ought to
take their road; cf. use of
du for duka.
cUnichi wJ>3> or dachi w^^, bitter-
ness; ya yi doachi it is bitter
(e.g. as a kola nut); madachi
w^jL«, 1. gall; 2. bitter.
dodo •y^y pi. dodo7iai t^>^>i evil
spirit, spirit of a dead man
which is supposed to walk
about on the day of his death
but to rise and disappear the
same evening : it appears at
times in trees and catches man.
dodo ^>^>, yin dodo to show any-
thing exposed in the hand and
then snatch it away.
dodowa tj>^>, the frilit of the
dorotua tree used for putting
in soup; the three kinds of
dodowa are yahua^ kahoa, kuka.
dogare \£j^^^i to lean upon, prop
oneself up by, trust in, ask
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favour from; B 20 mun doga-
reka muna kamna we trust in
thee, we love thee, C 47 mado-
gara a pole to keep a door shut.
dogaH j^^^ (cf. (?) Ar. j^^, to
repulse), a soldier of the king's
body-guard, an executioner; cf.
(?) dakara.
doga/richi ^j^^>, the office of a
dogari.
J J ^ J J
dogo ^^^y f. dogua 1>^^3, pi.
dogaye ^^j^, tall, high, long;
lokachi dogo a long time.
dogtui |^^>, 1. an evil spirit sup-
posed to injure tamarind and
other trees: persons eating the
fruit become paralyzed and
die; 2. paralysis caused by the
dogtca,
doii or doyi iji^>, a bad smell;
F 115 8una doyi mugunya na
zubutua they stink, they have
an evil odour poured upon
them, yin doi to emit a bad
smell.
doiya \j^, pi. doyoyi ^yi> (dios-
corea sativa), yam; the root of
the plant is eaten after being
boiled or fried. It is extremely
common on the W. coast and
in the neighbourhood of the
larger rivers, but in the north-
ern part of Hausaland it is
rarely met with; cf. * Hausa-
land,' p. 154.
doka j)^^y plaiting of the hair by
a woman with the object of
making it stand erect.
doka* \^^x a prohibition, a law
forbidding anything.
doka* l^^^, used by Hausas in
N. Africa as equivalent to
twelve 80U8.
doka, to take; cf. dauka.
doke i^^^ or duka* ^^, to strike,
to beat; cf. dakka.
doki j)^^, pi. dawaki ^U^, a horse;
F 219; doki kuru or kuru a
pony.
dokolua, a hen; cf. dakolua,
dole iJ^> or dungule ^JJu^, a
blot of ink; the first form is
used at Zaria, the second at
Kano.
domashi vA«> (c^- 0) -^r. vA«^> *
stimulating medicine), a small
tree, the root of which is
cooked and used as a medicine
for dysentery.
. JJCJ J J OJ
domhuhu y^^^ or dongvdu ^jJu^,
wrist, ankle bone.
J ^ J
d&mi i^^> or dominmi 15^*1*0^^,
why? wherefore? domi is pro-
bably a contraction of don mi
on account of what? cf. seq.
domin \^^X because of, in order
that; dominsa for his sake,
domin hakka for this reason,
dominsa (or donsa) shi ji in
order that he may hear.
dominchewa l^^^ioj^, sometimes
contracted to cheioa therefore,
for this reason ; not used col-
loquially.
don ^>, 1. because, because of;
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y>
2. in order that; don wcman
for this reason, don kadda lest,
in order that... not.
done* ^^>, to hang up.
dongudu, ankle joint, wrist; cf.
domb^hv,,
dora j^^y 1. to heap up, increase,
place; 2. to begin; 3. used
with bindiga to load a gun.
1. D 44 8u dora hukata suna
8a masa uku uku they heap up
blows, they give them three at
a time, F 99 dora muma to
rejoice, F 176 su dora kira
they cry aloud; 2. D 43 ahi
dora inakarkata he begins to
tremble.
dorao'Oy to look round ; cf . dauraro,
doriy to endure ; cf . dauri.
" ■' ..*"■*
dorina 0;^>, pi. dorinai i^j^X
hippopotamus.
doriwa \^j^> or dorowa \^j^^ (ro-
binia pseudacacia), a tree re-
sembling an acacia called in
America the locust tree, its
fruit called kalua is contained
in a pod like that of a bean
and is eaten in soup ; the tree
is chiefly valued for the mag-
nificent shade which it affords;
cf . dodowa,
doro ^jx hump, swelling; D 14
anadakka hal ta yin dora azaba
he shall be beaten till the pain
causes a swelling on the back ;
maidoro hump-backed.
dorowa, see doriwa.
doivjo ^a^mf^^ or dalx^jo yi^>^^ or
dotizo jt^^> ^ ™^^ with a
long beard, hence an important
or dignified person.
doya, yam; cf. doiya.
dra*y cubit; cf. dira.
duba ^3 or dubo y^^ (cf . Ar. rt
V^^» ^ ^^ diligence), to look
at, behold, watch carefully;
duba da kiyo look carefully
after, duba behold !
dvhdray contrivance; cf. dahdra^
dubha/ra da > j^^ (cf. Ar. ^y to
come behind), close to.
dvhbo dvhbo ^^ ^^ (cl Ar. ^y
to walk on all fours), an ex-
pression used of the attempts
made to walk by a boy of one
year old.
dubu yix thousand. The same
word is found in the Fulah,
Kanuri, Teda and Bagrimma
languages; cf. (?) Coptic Ma
ten thousand.
dv^chi wJ|^3 or duahi Ja^ pi. dmUsu
^»^^i duasu y*»^^ or dwwrwat-
tai* iP^j^X stone, a stone;
C 52 dtuitsu aim zamai ma>sa
dukia stones became riches for
him, duchin nika mill-stone.
dvduge i^>^ or did(d)igi t^y
pi. dudugai ^^^y heel; cf.
diiga duga, ^
dufu ^y darkness; ya yi duju it
is dark, or it becomes dark,
dert nan ya fa/ye dufu the
night is very dark, dthfa kirim
utter darkness, A 67 A^ shafa
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^3>
duju kirim huaka tasa thou
anointest his face with utter
darkness.
dufaa l^?>, darkness; cf. prec.
duga duga &> ty heel; cf. duduge.
dug{g)o ^^ or dig{g)a \t>y pi.
dugogi ij^^y drop, mark or
dot on paper or cloth ; used of
the dots placed above or below
letters, e.g. O, « ; dv^{g)on
raha a drop of dew; cf. daao.
^ J J
dvrguza \j^y hairy all over, an
epithet applied to Dodo, etc.
duk, all, a common contraction
for duka, q.v. ; duk da tvanan
nevertheless, altogether.
duka j)^ or dick ^>. all, every,
everyone; A 5 duk ya uwana
duk ku zo all ye my brothers
come, duka (Jaia ne it is all the
same, there is no difference,
duka komi everything, duJca
biu (or 8u hiu) both of them ;
cf. duka^chi, dukanta,
duka*, to strike; cf. doke.
duka ^^y to bend down so as to
touch the head on the ground.
duka^chi kt^^ or dukarUa Uu£»>,
all, the whole; dukachin komi
everything.
duka/nta, see dukachi,
duki* j)^, large carnivorous bird
(eagle?).
dukiya \^^y pi. dukoki ^^^a^^sj^
or dukiyoyi ^^ytr^^, goods,
property, riches; A 83 ma/yi
ka samnu duMa aehikkinta thou,
wizard, wast possessed of riches
in this world ; maidukia a rich
man.
J J ^ > J
dukuahi ^A^^) ^« dukuaa Um^^,
» ^ J J
pi. dukusai ^>»f>^, dan du-
kuahi a young horse or mare.
dull J^ or dv/ri o, pudenda.
dumaji^^ (cf. Ar. rt^^^), to re-
main, continue; akomo kmna
ga aljenna adv/ma tutur they
shall return again to heaven
and remain for ever; cf. ch-
UKi/ma,
duma U^^, a gourd or pumpkin,
which is not eaten but is used
for making water-pots from;
cf . kworia,
6 i ^ J
duma-mu88* ^j**^^^y an invincible
warrior (?).
dumbaji* *—^^ o , necklace; cf.
dimbujin zu/a,
dumbuji* ^f-^y a very rich man.
dumiy hot; cf. demi.
dum{m)i ^^^ (cf. (?) Ar. jj>),
noise. In Sokoto especially it
is used of the hum of conver-
sation, B 22 ku her yawam,
dv/mi ku ji kalmata leave off
speaking many words, listen
to what I say.
dumia !«.«>>, goose (or swan 1) with
black breast, it frequents trees.
dumia l^^^^ (cf. (?) Ar. d^^y a
wild palm), name of a tree, the
fruit of which is sweet and
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JlO>
edible; a kind of molasses is
made from it; cf. inad(d)u
dumke tJi^x dumka «£L«^ or dumki
,^JU^ (cf. Ar. dL«^, to twist
or plait), to sew; F 88 adumka
duk ana kuma gangainawa it is
completely sewn and joined
together, madumke one who
sews.
dunde* ^JlJ^, to press down
(aduntse in F 95 should be
adunde).
dundu ^JJ^, a small fabaceous
tree the fruit of which when
ground up and drunk is sup-
posed to render a man in-
capable of being wounded if
struck by a sword.
J J
dundu* ^ju^, 1. to mumble (?),
cf. C 32, note ; 2. to strike
with clenched fist.
dundufa l^ju> (cf. Ar. v^^, a
small drum), a large drum,
the drum used by the natives
for purposes of signalling, etc.
dundumi ^-.ojj^, to grope about
in the dark after sunset.
dundunia iJi^ju^, the inside of a
bird's talon, the ankle of a
man. «
J J J OJ
dundwrusu yajjj^y an axe used
for cutting stones with.
dnjm{ri)e ^^ or den(n)e ^j^, to
close up a hole.
dungo* yiuy to snatch the hand
away (?).
dtmgo ^»jy the name of a small
locust.
dungu yu^y the stump of a leg or
arm.
dtbngule, spot; cf. dole,
dungul{l)i y^ju^y 1. butter = wiam-
shanu; 2. a cow tied up by
the feet.
dungum* j^mj^, much; B 30 ahi
wandakejirankahakki dungum
he who waits for abundance to
eat.
dunia or duniya IfJ^^, Ar. l^^,
the world, sky, atmosphere,
weather; dunia dadi fine wea-
ther, dunia ta yi dere it is
night, dunia ta yi rani it is
the dry season ; dunia is often
used to denote the evil prin-
ciple which characterizes the
world, so dari dunia (lit, son
of the world) a bad man, B 52
koioa hi dunia nan ya rudu
whoever follows this world is
deceived, ya samu dunia he
has become rich; dunia is some-
times used to denote all man-
kind.
dunia l^^, a small edible water
bird, a species of diver (podi-
ceps minor (?)).
^ J 9 J
dunia* ijJ^, Ar. Q^, vile, des-
picable, incredible.
dunkoy gum; cf. danko,
dunhde ^ySljy a lump or handful
of flour, or anything soft
squeezed out; cf. churi and
(?) dunguU,
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^>3t
durnio ^> (cf. Ar. ^^^3> near), to
draw near.
dv/nm% i<5p or dirime i<«p, to
upset, used of a boat.
durkuahi ^^*tAj3, dUkuahi ^ji!M^,
or dik{k)u8hi* ^JLiSsy to kneel ;
cf. seq.
dv/rug^m{8)a u^> o'^ durgu8{8)a
u^j>y to kneel down in prayer
or as an act of homage.
jj
durumijij^y the name of a large
shady tree, the fruit of which
somewhat resembles a kola-
nut; the tree is greatly valued
on account of the shade it
a£Ebrds.
dusa U^ (cf. Ar. ^I>, to tread
out com), chaff, husks.
dashi ^yt»>, to become dim or
indistinct; rana ta dvshi it is
getting dark, fitilla ta dushi
the lamp is going out, mv/ria
ta du8hi the sound is becoming
indistinct.
dvshiy a stone; cf. duchi.
dushitoa \yt^^y dimness, indistinct-
ness; used of an eclipse of the
moon.
eblisj the evil spirit; cf. iblis,
en q\ (Ar. ^^^I, if) (when fol-
lowed by 6 or m it is pro-
nounced em)y 1. that, in order
that, to; na taffb en gay a
maJca I came to tell you; 2. if,
whether; en and idan are
about equally common, en being
specially used in the district
around Kano, idan in the
southern part of Hausaland;
ya tawhaya en su fulani ne
he asked whether they were
Fulahs; 3. en is used in an
imperative sense or to ask a
question; en mu taffi yawo let
us go for a walk, em, bika let
me follow you, or shall I follow
youl B 171 en rarafe ina aza
hvskata let me crawl, let me
place my face on the ground!
4. preceded by kadda it denotes
a prohibition; kadda en ji
kiahirua may I not thirst, or
lest I thirst.
enchey verily! certainly; cf. anche.
enchi, to free a slave; cf. yanchi,
enda jJt, where; ban sa/ni ba enda
shi ke I do not know where
he is.
a
enna ^!, Ar. ^1, where? dagga
erma whence ? .
entaya* l^t, a small edible grain.
entv>raka*y &male servant; cf. yan
turaka.
en{nyua l^it, shade, shadow, shel-
ter; D 68 ba ennua sai enda
tuti muhammad there shall be
no shade except where the
ensign of Mohammed is, D 75
mu sha ennua we shall enjoy
shelter.
errahimi* j^fj^j^\y Ar. ^^,j»^t, the
merciful; errahmani v^U^^pt,
Ar. 0^^«^^^ ^^^ compassion-
ate. In the case of these and
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50
(A o>W
of the other Arabic words used
by the Hausas which begin
with the letters O, ^, >, >,
> j, Lr»» ui, u«» J»» J> O an^i
are preceded by the Ar. article,
the article is assimilated to
the initial consonant and the
word is often pronounced as if
it began with the letter e.
For exception to this rule, cf.
aradberi instead of essaheri.
esga, a horse's tail ; cf . isga,
ewa, verily, indeed ; cf . aitva.
f. The letter ^ is used by the
Hausas to represent both /
and p, the sounds of which
are frequently interchanged;
cf. /ago, pago. The sound /
is also interchanged with that
of b; cf. under 6, and with
that of h, cf. hako.fako) htiska,
fuska,
fa ij, Ar. id., therefore, then, thus.
fache* ^, ^l?, hahhe* ^^ or
hashe* ^Li (A 84), 1. but,
however; 2*. up till now; B
80, n., cf. (1) hale,
fad{d)a j^ or fad{d)i ^j^ (cf.
Ar. j![}, to shout), 1. to speak,
often implying to speak with
authority or in a tone of com-
mand, to say, to tell; D 18
hum ji fa mtm fadi do you
listen, we say that...; 2. lo^
speech; A 6 shi kan ji fadata
ba^an hanua he would hear my
speech and pay no attention.
fad(d)a Ji, 1. to fight; A 21 duka
sun fadda they are all at
strife; 2. IjLf, strife, fighting;
yi fadda to fight (possibly
fadda to fight and fada to
gpeak may both come from
the Ar. «»^ to ti-ample down
and to shout).
fada |J4, pi. fad^idi (^>^j^, a
blow.
fada blj, pi. fadodi (^>^>l?, 1.
court or palace, F 231 ; 2. royal
council; d.faddwa,
fdda >l? or fddi (^>l?, to fall
down; fddi is the commoner
form.
faddke ^]^IJ4, 1. trade; 2. mer-
chant, trader; yi faddke to
trade, maifaddke trader ; far
ddke is probably a plur. form
of falkey q. v. ; cf . fatdke.
fddama U>1? (Fulah fadamare),
marsh, pool.
faddwa Ijbl?, a king's ofiicers or
attendants; the order of prece-
dence differs in various places:
in Kano it is aariki, gaUadima,
madaki, wombai, makama, tu-
raki, sarikin datoaki, sarikin
bayi, chiroma, maji; in Zaria
it is sarikiy madakif galladima,
sarikin maikira (= munzo\
mdkwma^ etc. ; cf , bafade,
fddiy to fall; ctfdda,
fddi >l?, width, breadth; da fadi
wide, broad; cf./a«A:i.
fddin rai ^j ^l? or fddin zv^hia
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V^jJ^
^ J 9 ^
V^i O^l?, haughtiness; cf.
also giriman zu^hia,
/ado* ^\if to fall down; ct/ddi.
/ad{d)otva* Ijil^, talking, D 87 (?).
fddtia ij^l?, falling; D 87 (?); cf.
fddi.
/qfake ^^J^, to feel about as with
the hand in searching for any-
thing; ct/ak{k)e, burkuti.
fa/are ^£^, to drive away; cf.
I ^
f^(9Y }^y Kanuri id., a king's
assembly room ; faggen doki
a place for riding in.
/agia* l^, bow shot (?).
/ago* or pago* ^*?, a woman's
luggage carried in a bag or
wet.
/ahami* j^, Ar. ^1^?, under-
standing.
/ahari ^mmJf or fahri ^m>^, cf. Ar.
9 " "
jlaL9, honour, pride; D 35 A^
6er /aliri ku yi laddabi da
girima leave off pride, gain
much instruction.
fahimchi* ^i^^^, understanding;
cf . seq.
/ahinUa w^^|4 or /ahumta* C^^t^?,
cf. Ar. ^^, to understand.
or dish cover made of woven
grass, fan for winnowing with.
fahara tp^, a small bird somewhat
like a partridge.
fak(k)e ^^, to hide oneself; cf.
/ak{k)o.
fak{k)o ^ or ^, a lying in wait,
yi fako to lie in wait, set an
ambush; cf. hak(k)o, mafak(k)a,
/ak(k)o ^9 (cf. Ar. U?, to take
off the husk), a threshing floor =
tvurin susuka.
/alddara, fez, cap; ct/uladara.
falaka dJ^ (cf. Ar. UJ^, used of
the dawn * to break forth '), to
awake, arise; D 26 ku yi ber-
chi ku falaka ha tashi sleep
and awake, rise up ; cf . falka.
folala* iSa, or falale ^JUL? (cf. (?)
Ar. ^Lo?, a coin, or, stony tract
of land), 1. a rich man; 2. a
rock.
falasa or palaaa Jj<:f, to revile,
disgrace, punish.
falfada IjlaJL^, some kind of sick-
ness, a fainting fit.
falfa8(B)a cH!<'^> to bruise, strike;
cf . fas{8)ay etc.
falgaha 1«m9, fear; cf. firgabba,
falia yif, a fish something like a
salmon.
falka .^ (B 60) or falkawa l^ili ;
cf . falaka id.
falke ^^xJl?, pi. faJtdke ^^^^ll?,
travelling merchant, trader.
falmaki ^iSA^X?, throng, tumult as
in war; ci, firmxiki.
fama l«^, strife, battle ; yin fania
to fight.
fandare {JjJJ^ (cf. Ar. jJiJJ^,
4—2
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a boulder), to be crooked;
A 58 hainya sun hi v^anda ya
fandare they followed a way
that was crooked, A 19.
Jankaau ^^^^Sj^, a cake made of
wheat, flour and honey.
/ansa Lm^, usually pronounced
pansa, deliverance, revenge,
requital, redemption from sla-
very; yin /ansa to redeem.
fansawa I^Lma^, ransoming, re-
demption.
fanshe, pa/nshe . JU? or fansi,
poMsi 1*-^, to ransom, redeem,
e.g. na fanslieka chgga hauta
I ransomed thee from slavery;
in playing the game of chaclia
the loser says na famshe i.e.
I have to pay.
fanso^ panso ymi^y i. q. fanshe,
far ^ iov fada, to fight; F 190
note.
fara Ijl?, beginning, A 2 ; Qi.farawa,
fara jist or yi fa/ra \j\i ^, or
fami* A)^» ^ begin,
/ara Ijl?, pi. farori \^j^j\^ or
faruna l^jjt?, locust; faramr
derey pi, /a/rorindere (lit, locust
of the night), a black locust
which comes out at night, it
is not edible as other locusts
are; cf. ba/rdinuwa,
faraa IpJ^, cf. Ar. ^^, joy; faraa
or yi faraa to rejoice, P 232
amafara^i anamurna da kowa
there sliall be joy and gladness
for all.
faror-kaya \i^j^ (lit. white thorn),
the name of a large tree with
white thorns from the fruit of
which ink is made.
fa/rauta Ujj^, hunting; yifa/rauta
to hunt, to chase.
fa/rawa tj^l?, participial form of
fara, beginning; D 1 maifa-
rawa or maifa/rutjoa beginner,
B 80 maifaruwa dadai baifara
ha he who first began... did
not begin.
faraya Ki\j^, pi. fa/rayu ^1^,
whitened ; cf . foH,
fa/rcha i^ (cf. (?) Ar. 1$, to
heat), to blister; D 65 to kan
rika farcha kai ga/remu it will
continually blister our heads;
cf . fa/rsa,
farga ^ (cf. (?) Ar. rt ^, to be
disquieted), to perceive some-
thing wrong; na farga da kai=
I see that you are cheating me.
fari j^, f. fara 1^, pi. fa/rari
{J^bi or faru faru ^ 3^,
white, bright; A 21 sv/n san
fa/ri san san haki they know
the diflference between white
and black, dan fari a small
piece of something white, F 88
akauH) dan fa/ri kuma zaashiria
a piece of white cloth is brought
to be prepared, farin yunwa
drought, fari dabino an unripe
date, also a name for beads,
farin koHfi (or jan karifi) brass,
fari ko haki sometimes denotes
good or bad, farin wata new
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moon, farin zini good disposi-
tion, yaW?i chikki'^oy, gladness,
yi farin chikki to rejoice.
fari ^ (cf. (1) Ar. ^^j^, used of
division between day and
night), a break of about ten
days duration during the rainy
season in June or July.
fari \^^^ used in the compound
forms dafivri^ rwfa/ri^ t tafari,
first.
farichi i^yt (a Fulah word 1), a
finger nail; cf. himha, akayi,
farifaaha ^^j^, an intensive form
oifashey to break in pieces.
farika l&jlj (cf. Ar. jj^ used of
a woman *to hate her hus-
band '), profligate woman.
farU{t)a* *ij^, new moon = 8abon
(or faHn) ttxUa,
farilai* ^^, Ar. J^^, reli-
gious duties; B 168 mu hada
fa/ralinmu we will perform our
religious duties, A 69.
farin-chik(k)i «Si^, happiness; cf.
fari.
jarvnrgamu y^Mjy^, a name given
to a white mixture which is
used as a medicine.
fa/rhwa* 03^}^9 perhaps from
^- O^J^9 ^^^^ which distin-
guishes between good and evil,
or it perhaps denotes author;
cf. B 1, note.
farsa ^j^ or fa^nsa ^j^, a blister;
cf . farcha.
fmta* j^^, to be proud, used of
a rich man; cf. {'i)fa/iari.
fartanya, a hoe; ctfatainya.
fa/ru ^jlj, 1. chiefly used in the
expression mi ya faru what
has happened, what is the
matter 1 ya faru it happened ;
2. ctfara.
fas{8)a j.;^, to break, split, destroy,
to miss fire; maifasawa de-
stroying, F 174 enda aanyi
maifasawa where cold shall de-
stroy them; clfashe,falfa8{8)a,
fdsa ^If , to defer, postpone, drive
away; B 55 muna da taffia ha
fasawa we have a journey
which cannot be put aside,
B 120 mutiia.,,ha torn, yi ta
faaa ha death will not admit
of delay, run. faaa aike gohe
I put off the work till to-
morrow; ctfashi.
fa§aM* j^U4, blasphemer (1), A 80.
fasadi ^ll? or fasada bll?, Ar.
^MM?, discord, envying; E 18
ku tvha ku her fasadi repent,
leave off discord, D 9.
fasa-kworia CjyLL^y a large tree,
the aromatic bark of which is
ground up as a medicine.
fascUi* J^, interpretation; cf.
fasara,
fasali JL4, mending by sewing.
fasa/ra t^^^ or faaaram^ta U^Jlf,
Ar. j^^ interpretation, ex-
planation; yi fasara to inter-
pret, explain.
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iaJ^lf
fdsawa t^Cll, postponing, parti-
cipial form oi fdsa.
fashe ^ (cf. (?) Ar. ^ ii),
usually pronounced pashe, to
break, to burst ; fashetoa split-
ting, F 114 tana kona fa kai-
niLa na faahswa it will bum
their heads, it will split them;
Tnaifesshe brigand, ct/ari/aslia.
fashi ^^, delay, interruption; ku
yi fashi ram4i leave off work
for a day, yin taffia ha fashi
to travel without a break; cf.
fd»a,
fasiki uLfl^, iJut\4 ovfaaiki «i)U^,
pi. faaikai ^Jut\^y a profligate
man, F 105, 116, 141 ; fasika
lXwl{, Ar. ^ULifl), a profligate
woman, B 139, note.
fcmki* ^JLi\^, to mock; maifor
siki* a mocker.
fasishiuxi* U^JLi^lf, licentiousness;
a lengthened form of fasika,
E21.
faskara* tpu«4, senseless.
faska/rari j\yL,0!iy bound hand and
foot; cf. seq.
t X • <'
faska/re ^j^i^, to overcome, to be
unable to do anything; ya
faskareni I cannot do it; cf.
Gr. p. 46.
faska/i-i j^^, the shaving one side
of the head as a sign of sorrow ;
if a woman has three children
who die in succession she shaves
half her head, if four die, the
whole.
" * "
faskari ji^, a plank or board,
yifaskari to make into planks.
faski A00J, breadth ; cf . fidi.
fas{8)o ^m^ (cf. Ar. ^^^^.f , to be
chapped), breaking of the skin,
e.g. as result of cold.
faia tJL?, pi. fatuna UJL|, fre-
quently pronounced pata) 1.
the skin of an animal, cl
kirigi ; 2. the rind or bark of
a tree.
fata*, wish, desire, usually in a
bad sense, yi fata to desire
that which is wrong.
fatainya l^f or fartanya ^tUl^f
(cf. Ar. ^1 j^?, a plough), a hoe.
fatdke ^^{^, Nup6 id., mer-
chants ; cf . /aike,
faialua t^JLLf, ghost, hobgoblin,
spectre. The word usually
suggests something which is
regarded as eviL
fcUatake* ^V^?i ^ ^"^^^ ^ pieces.
falauchi w^^JLf, trading, travel-
ling for purposes of trade ; yi
foMuchi to trade or travel as a
trader, maifatauchi trader; cf.
foMke,
fdtiha* Ul5l|, Ar. iljlj, lit. the
opening ; cf. A 73 ima tukun-
chi dafari aha^hi fatiha thou
must not eat before saying the
opening chapter of the Koran;
cf . alfatia.
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"^ 55
/cUUla *j^ or fitUla >2f , pi. fcUillu
^jQfy fcUiUai ^Juf or /cUilloli
^fi^ (Ar. iUjklf wick used
in a lamp), lamp; main/atilla
lamp oil.
/au ^, up to the brim, kura ya
tashi /au the calabash was
filled to the brim, ya hau
fan = ya hau bism. /au is
probably another form of hau,
cf. similar interchange in hua-
ka, /uska, or it may be a
shortened form of the mod.
Ar. w3^ up, for similar ab-
breviation cf. du for duka alL
/auchi ^^>4, to snatch (?), to
kill (?); ma/auchi or mahau-
chi a butcher; cf. seq.
/auHz 1^, to slaughter animals, to
cut up meat ; umrin /av)a
abattoir.
/aye ^-e?> ^ abound or excel in
anything, to do something
very much, to be addicted to
or fond of anything; ya/ra
8una /aye yin vxyrigi the boys
are fond of play; ya /aye da
gvrima he was too big to. . .
/aza t^, a fishing line to which a
hook is attached.
/edua t3Ju^, whistling ; cf . /eto,
/ere* {Jj*^, to peel, e.g. with a
knife.
/erka l^^, 9ie& /a/rika,
/erko yJS^yJ^, beginning, iw/erko
first.
/erko, to revive ; cf . /irko,
/esa ^^^, to spit, /esawa spitting ;
cf . to/i.
/eshe ^jLiiy only found in the form
mai/eaahe brigand; cL/ashe.
/et O^, used with/ari very white.
/etoyLti^ or /to yi^, to whistle with
the lips ; cf . /edua and seq.
/ewa 3*1 = prec.
Ji ^, to surpass, to be better ; ya
Ji it is better so ; ya fiau da
karifi he was stronger than
they; it is often used with
duka to express a superlative,
6*g. yci> fi duka da keau he is
the most beautiful, mafi is
often prefixed to a noun or
adjective in order to form a
comparative or to strengthen
the positive ; thus mafi kunche
narrower, or very narrow; cf.
/w.
fia>chi j^3ld?> ^ ^low the nose.
fichi jJif , to get away, escape ;
C 34 k(noa ke so shi fichi who-
ever desires to escape.
fida M or fide itfj^i to flay, open
out, prepare food; fida nama
to dress meat ; E 13 idan an-
fida tiUoahi jahadi if the stan-
dards of war be unfolded.
fidakai* ^^^j^, to save; cf. seq.
fidakai ^JS^jjf, a word used to
describe the custom of adding
four cups of grain when mak-
ing a bargain in the market.
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This amount of grain if given
to a mallam is supposed to
procure the forgiveness of sins
committed during the previous
year. [Probably from Ar.
\J4 price or thing given as
ransom, Jida kai would thus
be the ransoming of the head,
i.e. of oneself.]
Jidaaa/ri j^jjf, a plant used in
making hedges.
Jidda J4y to cast out; F 28 A^
Jidda fa zuahianka cast out of
thy heart the...; cf. (l)Jit{t)a.
Jldeli Jo-?, a shrub, from the
bruised seeds of which an eye
medicine is made.
Jige ^jkfJ^, or Jigi ,^^, to take,
take away, pluck (a fowl);
B 119 ta kan taffo sadada ta
Jigika it will come unperceived
and will take thee away; cf.
Jlsge,
Jikqjike i«£(^, pi. Jikajlkai iS^.
or fukafuki «iU£}, pi. /ukor
fukai iJjj^f wing of a bird,
feathers.
Jlko 3^?, power, excellence; Jikotjoa
\yA^ surpassing or to surpass ;
cf. A 70 hywa ya aamiasa ya
Jikowa he surpasses whoever
meets him.
Jila, stratagem; cf. hila,
Jilajile, a paddle for a canoe; cf.
fulafule.
JUasko 3£lXf , the name of a plant,
a drink made from which is
used as an antidote for snake
bite, also for diarrhoea (the
senna plant ?).
J^^ v^, pl- f^ye Kj(^^^ (^^ '^^'
^^, plains, deserts), cultivated
field, plain, any unoccupied
spot or space ; C 11 ya kunchi
kaia nai gajlli dunia he unties
his goods on the plain of this
world; habu JUi tvuri nan
there is no room here.
Jindi jUf (cf. Ar. 5^! JU|, an axe),
a sword with broad blade.
Jira \j^ or hira* tj^ (cf. Ar. i:»/?),
conversation, tale, a story that
is not true.
Jirdi w, lion, wild beast; danjirdi
an epithet applied to a king.
^ J p
Jirjitowa t^^^ji^ a strengthened
form of JUotoa to come out;
F 199 touta na Jirjitowa fire
shall come out abundantly.
jirgaha ^^j^.^ to be distressed; cf.
falgahha,
Jirgita CJ^, to frighten, or to be
frightened, to shiver, e.g. with
cold, shrink, tremble.
Jir(r)i ^j4, to heap up earth, e.g.
round the roots of yams; cf.
maimai,
fi^lpo >^ <>r ferko 3^, Ar. *Jj4
IV, to revive, e.g. as from faint-
ing.
Jirmaki ^jSUfi^ to assault, rise up
against; ct/almaki.
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Jiaa 1.^?, io put out, equivalent to
fitasda, E 8 note; of. Jit{t)a,
Jidda.
JUa* ^jm^, to complete, A 71 note ;
wajib almalanka ka Jisata is
it necessary that thou shouldst
perform thy ablutions?
fisge ^^u^ or fusge ,^ju^, to
snatch, draw forth, take out,
take off; cf. Jige.
fiahe yJL^ or fuahe ^J^, to drive
out, draw out, take away ;
G 5 gonia aha fudu chikkin
aarota akafiaheahi (he con-
tinued) fourteen years in the
kingdom, he was then driven
out; ci,fit{t)a,
^\
fiahema* ^«aJL9, to go away ; F 80
• «»
ido shim birkiahe raia Jiahema
thine eye closes, thy life de-
parts.
Jia{a)o ym^, i.e. Ji ao, to prefer, wish
rather; na fiaao wanan da
wam/iham. I prefer this to that.
JU{t)a C*%?, to go out of, take out,
followed by da it means to
take away ; ya fita da ahi he
went off with it, rana ta fita
the sun has risen, ya fita na-
goH he turned out well, fita
zini to bleed. The following
derivatives are found : fit(t)o
to come out, fit(t)as to take
out, fi^?ie to draw out, fit(t)as'
da to take out, take off, un-
dress.
fit{t)a Uf, departure.
fi^tilla, a lamp ; cf . fatUla,
fit(t)o yif, to come out from; cf.
fit{t)a.
fit{t)o ^2?, 1. tax paid on leaving
a country, tax paid to the
king in the Kano market
when purchasing a slave; 2.
a patch on clothes.
fito*^ to whistle; ctfeto,
fitaa/re \^J^y urine.
fiMa ll?, kind of leaf used by the
Hausas for thatching a house,
also regarded as edible; cf.
fiyaya l^ or fiyaye ,J^, excel-
lency ; F 51 A» dvha har fiya-
yan annahanjoa consider the
excellency of the prophets,
D 96, E 3.
foche* ^^, a cake of salt.
f^fi* V^^> ^ ^^®> ^^®^ ^^ leaves,
etc.
foma U^? (cf. Ar. j^\ ii, to
•"• " ''
honour, rC p^. ? , pride), pnde,
boasting; nmifoma a proud,
arrogant man.
forauforau ^j^ jj^ or foroforo
^j>? jj^, 1. to mix up to-
gether; 2. = mam, fu/ra^ i.e.
the water or soup in which
fura has been made.
foro ^j^i 1. to punish, instruct;
E 22 maanhidar wuahewa don
ascmau anaforonku those of
you who seek for adornment
in order that they may be
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58
known shall be punished; 2. in-
struction, 'E23 ya ki bin/oron
vha/mu he refuses to follow the
instruction of our fathers.
fu ^, fua 1^; cf. ivanene ya
fucme who excelled me % = (?)
huaya] ci.Ji,
fuche* ^if, to rest ; cf . fata,
fuchi* ^J5?, to pass away ; cf . wuche.
fachi i^^y hissing sound, e.g. of a
snake, yi fuchi to hiss; cf.
maifuchL
fuda, j^ or htida «Xft>, 1. to open,
pierce, bore, dig in the ground ;
2. —fitasda to take off; cf. fuji,
fudowa I3J4 ov fudatva l^j^, the
beginning of the day, early
dawn ; cf . fuda.
fudu J4, four, nafuduy f. tafudu
fourth ; cf . Coptic fiu,
fvdu ^ JL?, to be opened ; cf. fvda,
fufu ^^y 1. a mixture made with
kola nuts and Jitta leaves ; 2.
the packing placed round kola
nuts.
fufu >4>4 or kufw y^^, the
lungs; F 198 fufu da hanji
na zubuwa their lungs and
bowels shall be poured out.
f^M^ L5^+^» ^ pierce many
holes, used of water dropping
quickly; ci,fuji.
fuja*, affair; cf. huja,
fuji t3%4, a form of fuda to
pierce.
fuka J34 (cf. (?) Ar. JL?, to
recover from a swoon), short-
ness of breath, asthma ; na yi
fuka I breathe hard.
fukafukiy wing; ci,Jikafike,
ful*y very many ; cf. pvl,
fula ^^ or ^, a white cap often
worn inside a fez ; fula saki a
blue or black cap.
fvlddara |p!]jL| or falada/ra Ip^,
a fez, i.e. a cap made of red
cloth with a tassel. These
caps are for the most part
imported across the Sahara
desert; cf. ta^ia,
fulafule iJlfll or filafile ^J^y
pl. fulafulai ^MkX^, the pad-
dles belonging to a canoe.
fvXata \j'^y fulani ^*^y fulanchi
^iSjt, fvlhe ^1^, belonging
to the Fulah tribe; ha fulata
= a Fulah native, fvlani =
Fulahs ; fulanchi = the Fulah
language, fulhe is used as
the name of the people gene-
rally.
fululu* JI3JL4, Ar. J>>A}, arro-
gance ; C 36 akuher fulvlu ka
zan gudun maiyin nasa leave
off arrogance, flee from him
who practises it. (Ar. ^ ;=
Hausa J, but cf. seq.)
fvluluwa* ty^iaf (Ar. Jua{, to
be superabundant), exagge-
rated, superfluous; B 154 note
yawan dummi na fululuwa
much loud talking and super-
fluous...
fumfuna Uf^, mildew, damp,
smell of damp; cf. seq.
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/uni* sj^i the smell of a camel.
" ***
fantu jJm} or da funtu naked,
clothed in rags.
funtunchi ^i-UJiUf, nakedness; cf.
funtu,
Juntv/ru ^j^y chill, especially ap-
plied to cold felt at night
Jura \jyi (cf. Ar. jl?, to boil), a
sort of thick porridge made
with various kinds of grain,
it is one of the commonest
kinds of food amongst the
Hausas; A 11 ^a abinchi tuo
fu/ra,
fura ^ (cf. (?) Ar. Ij^, heat),
usually used with touta to
light a fire, to blow (?) ; mai-
fwra burning, vmta ta furu
the fire is lit ; mafuri bellows.
fv/rch% confession; cLfuruchi,
fu/rde ^>/?, a bay horse.
fwrt ^yty pi. furori yjj^ji^ or
furaye iji\yty flower, blossom.
fiMJa Jj^y to spit; cf. /6«a.
fwrji iji^, to sneeze, used of a
horse; cf. (^)fiachi.
furtumi j^j^t a large (castrated ?)
bull ; cf . bu/rtumi.
Jv/nichi ^J^ or Jmxhi ^Jj^ or
huruchi i>j^y 1. confession,
2. to confess, to declare posi-
tively.
furufi* s^9 a chisel for cutting
iron with.
t
furufura (ji^ji^ (cf. (?) Ar. JaI?,
to frizzle the hair), turning
grey, as from old age.
famta Ol»4, to be angry ; F 15
ha ya fusata he will not be
angry ; cf . fushi,
fusge ^yti.4, to pull out ; cf. fisge.
fuahi ^jik^, Ar. ^^l?, anger ; F 29
ka her saurin fushi give up
being hastily angry, yi fushi
to be angry ; cf . (?) haushi,
faska Uui^, pi. fuskoki ^^jViuf
or fuakuna Ux.i»>f, face, coun-
tenance; F 229 fuskokinsu
sun fi umta da haske their
faces shall be brighter than
fire; damre fuska to frown.
• ^ • J
fuskanchi ^JUXm4 or fuskanta
C.^ix.>»>t, 1. to face in a given
direction, e.g. east or west;
2. to be angry (?), na fuskanta
da abu nan I must have that.
ftLsuma U«m4, a quarrel; cf. (?)
fushi,
futa Uf, 1. rest, 2. wn| to rest; cf.
fuc^ and seq.
fukisda jumIi , to allay.
fuzu j^, a shameless person.
g. The letter L is used by the
Hausas to represent the sound
of the English hard g. In the
case of Arabic words contain-
ing this letter borrowed by the
Hausas, the Arabic guttural
sound is changed into that of
g^ e-g- gdfara.
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60
i^
ga t, to, at, for, towards ; har ga
until, as far as, bissa ga upon,
kussa ga near to, baya ga be-
hind ; ga and a are frequently
interchanged.
ga U, to see; frequently used as
an imperative, gaahi toanan
behold this one, gashi see here!
ga ty a shortened form of tvonga;
C 43 toaka ga halilu fa ya
yita this song was composed
by Halilu.
gah(b)a l^, before, in front; ya
taffi gabba gareni he went in
front of me, F 239 su sc^danu
mma gahba they go as an es-
cort in front, abokin gahba
enemy, opponent, yi gahba or
chi gahba to advance.
gah(b)a l^, pi. gabbobi ^>t^,
front, bosom, heart; gahbobi is
used for joints or limbs of the
body, F 175 shi karya kaashi
ahi yenke duk gabchi it will
break their bones, it will cut
all their limbs, gahba daia =
abreast; cf. ba>nga banga>.
gaha l^U, pi. gahobi ^^^, name
of a white bird with red beak
which lives in trees, wild
goose (?).
gab(b)a l^, fore arm (cf. cUmishi,
upper arm), cubit; cf. also
kamiu,
gah(b)achi %^^, eastward; cf. gah-
bas,
• X X #»
gah{b)adai ^jL».fe or gahbadaia
bju^, together, at the same
time or place.
gah{b)arnui, |5>»^, name of a tree
used for tanning.
gah(b)a8 ^jm^ or gabbaaj^, east.
gahdta Ol^, to go before; gahdta
da to take a thing to, rrmsu-
gahata those who lived in
former times.
gahdto yi^, gahatowa \yi^y to
come to, face towards, bring
together, used of a herald
(manzo)y to come to announce
the coming of someone; F 137
fa kudira ta gabato talikai duk
and the will of God shall bring
together all creatures, gahatoni
come here to me !
gache*, to slip ; cf . gvhchi,
gachi* tJ^y brass =jan karifi,
gada t j^, pL gadu ^j^, small red
antelope.
gdda >U, gddo ^U, to inherit.
gada t>U, an exclamation of joy
used by women whilst dancing
and throwing their arms back ;
cf . gvda,
gadamga ^j^, very strong, an
epithet especially applied to a
lion.
gadeg(g)i ^J^, & grass eaten by
horses.
gad{d)o ^j^y pi. gad(d)aji ^^J^
or gaddasJd ^J^y bed; gad-
{d)<m nuichiji lit. snake's bed,
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61
l^
the name of a herb in which
snakes are often found.
gado ^j^, f. gadonia Ij^jji^, pi.
gadqji ^jt^^J^t Kanuri id.,
wild boar; the domestic hog
is called gurauna,
gado ^J^, bird with yellow breast
about the size of a thrush.
gddo ^>U, 1. inheritance, usually
occurs in the compound mor
gado or magaji heir, A20 «t^
ne magada annahawa maUamai
the mallams are the heirs of
the prophets ; 2. cf . gdda,
gafaka Uca^, small leather satchel,
case for a book; cf. hkki,
gdfara ^U, Ar. ja^, to excuse;
it is frequently used as an
imperative in the sense of *I
beg your pardon.'
gdfa/ra l/^U, forgiveness, kindness;
D 34 kuna roko ku sa gafara
pray and obtain pardon ; C 46
allah ya bisu da ga/a/ra God
follows them with kindness;
aikin ga/a/ra an act of kind-
ness.
ga/erta U>ft^, forgiveness, kind-
ness; yi gctferta, to forgive,
excuse; cf. prec.
gafia \^, ^\. gafioyi ^jlt^, rat.
gagafa WU^, a large bird with
red beak, of a light blue colour;
it eats mice.
ga^gara jit^^ to resist angrily; ya
gaga/ra it is impossible; dawa
ta ga>ga/ra I was not able to eat
the dawa (lit. the dawa was
too much for me).
ga^ara hado ^\^jk^, a bar used
to close a doorway; cf. hagara.
ga^ata CJi^, followed by c^ to
lose ; gaga>ta da hainya to lose
the way; na ga^gata da ahi I
failed to understand it.
ga^gawa tj^, walking fast or ex-
citedly.
ga^e i^^ or ga^a &U, to be stiff
or benumbed, agaga tottering ;
B 109 dunia aga^ga tsofua the
world is old and tottering.
go/go ^U or gagato ^a^U, name
given to a king of a newly
conquered district, or to a
king marching in procession.
go/go* 3^U, a large spoon.
^ ^ ^ ^ •*•
galwAJoa \^^ or gahwa t^y^, Ar.
S^, coffee. Coffee is not used
by the Hausas, but only by
Arab traders.
gaia^ assembly ; cf . gayya,
gaida j^^, 1. to greet, salute;
2. to thank; 3. to bid farewell;
gaisa \^»^^ to salute; gaishe
^JLj^, to cause to be saluted,
salute, congratulate, thank ;
gaisua >M*t^, salutation.
gainya (?), to beg.
gainya l^^, pi. gainye t^t^ and
gainyaye ^ ^ ^^^L^, leaf-blade,
herb, gainye ^^e*^, fresh; F 95
dan haki gainye a little fresh
grass; cf. dainye,
^ • X 9 P ^
gaira \j>-f^, Ar. j-j>-^, less, e.g.
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w^
metin gaira ashirin (lit. 200
less 20) = 180 ; ba gaira com-
plete, e.g. metin ba gaira =
200 without deduction.
gaisa ^jt^, to salute; cf. ga%aa
and seq.
gaishe ^J^^ 1. to cause anyone to
be saluted, to send salutations,
2. to salute, 3. to congratulate,
4. to thank.
gaistta \y g^, salutation, greet-
ing, B 172 ; cf. gaida,
^ 9 ^
gaiwa \j^, the mud fish (proto-
pterus) found in most of the
W. African rivers and re-
garded as a delicacy to eat.
Its length is about three feet.
During the dry season the
gaiwa buries itself in the mud,
and according to the Hausa
tradition eats its own tail.
During the wet season it se-
cretes fat in its tail which
supplies sufficient nourishment
for five or six months; cf.
similar use of fat in camel's
hump at the approach of dry
season. It forms a regular
chamber in the mud, which it
lines with a protecting coat
of hardened mucus. When
the rainy season returns it
takes to the water again. Its
skeleton is notochordal, and a
single vertical fin surrounds
the posterior part of the body.
gaje ^ij^, 1. to become tired;
2. to tire, to weary.
62 U^3^
gdje, to inherit ; cf . gdji,
gajere {Jj-^n^, f. g(^j^(^ !>*<l^
• • •
and gajeria Vjm^, pi. gajeru
^j^4|^, Ar. jt^y i«-> short;
gajerta \j/af^, shortness.
gajeiua t3«i».fc, inability, failure
from fatigue; cf. gaje.
gaji ^afS, to be tired, fatigued,
faint; cf. gaje,
ceed as heir; D 53 A^ gdji
mallama ye are the heirs of the
mallams, cf. gddo inheritance.
gaji* m^ or a^aji 9^^9 salva-
tion; F 122 ka nemo agajin-
mu seek salvation for us = (1)
gazdtva ; cf . maiaga:^a/wa.
gajia ^t^i fatigue.
gajimare ^jU^^^j 1- clouds, cf.
lumshi ; 2. a spirit in form of
enormous snake, lives in wells,
the male being red, the female
blue; it comes out at night.
gal{t)a ^, 1. some part of the
bee which is eaten ; 2. a small
black odorous bee; cf. taigcUla.
gal(l)adima li^>Vi, pi. gal{l)adi-
mai ^^^3^, an official, civil
and military. At Zaria the
order of precedence is sariki,
madaki, gal(l)adim>a ; cf. fa-
ddtoa; the word is probably
borrowed from the Bornuese,
the suffix ma corresponds to
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^^
the Hausa prefix ma or mai ;
cf . chiroma,
g<d{t)an kimburi (?) j^^^^ 0^> a
round blue bead.
gaXgas(8)a L»^fc or gm*ga8{8)a
^ ^ 9 ^
\^mij^, a hairy person.
galkadi jJtXt, warning; B 136 ji
galkadi to listen to warning,
D 30 muna galkadi gareku we
warn you ; cf. gargadi,
gafma 1^JL& or gai*ma l««»^, q.v.
pi. galmuna U^JL^ and galemi
^ ^JL^, 1. some kind of vege-
table; 2. large hoe bent back
like a small plough.
gal(l)o j^, ^U, some kind of
hard and transparent salt,
rock-salt, saltpetre, natron.
gam(m)aj^, 1. to finish, complete,
join ; 2. to form a plot or con-
spiracy ; with wayo or kai to use
stratagem ; cf. gamatva, gamshe,
gamu, gum{m)ay gangama.
gama (?) U^, because.
ganiata UuU, cf. Ar. i^^; D 14
a fainting fit.
gam{fa)atoa t^^^, F247 ahin go-
matva a thing equal to.
gamha l^, pi. gambobi ^yJ^,
a kind of reed or rough grass.
gamba (?)l^,a dark-coloured grain
which is ground and eaten.
gambu* (Fulah), yJ^y door of a
house made of wood.
gam{7n)i (?) ^^^^^9 double.
gdmi*, i<«^> against.
gam(m)inbanta iL^i^, two trees
planted together so as to grow
into one.
gam(m)inbauta Uygi^, two odd
shoes.
gamji, a tree; cf. gumji,
gamkif an image; cf. gumki,
gamo, see gamu.
^ ^ 9 ^
gamraka ^\j p, fe, crested crane;
cf . goraka.
gamshe ^aL^, 1 . to meet so as to
fit, to suit; 2. to deem fit or
worthy, to treat one as fit;
ya gamsheni or ya gam{m)ani ~
it pleases me = Ar.
gamu ov gamfw 3^, followed by da^
1. to meet with; G 21 en ta
gamu /a da kai if she meet (or
agree) with thee; to join or be
joined together; 2. to fall in
with someone or something;
Al ya gamu da umta he comes
to the fire; 3. gamu da m/iche
to cohabit with; ranan gamu
the day fixed for beginning
war, or the day for meeting,
or the first time of meeting
with one; rangamu id., D 8, 29.
gamurji* i^ft^^U, cf. Ar. j^, to
embrace.
ganawa* t^UU, counsel.
gaaicheruuxi, see gantaeruwa.
gdndi ^JU^, large cowrie-shell.
gando ^JU^, a man who works,
but receives only food, not
money as wages.
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»>
gandu ^j^Jis> or gtmdu ^jSm,
tribute ; kurdin gandu tribute
money.
ganerie i5«U^, ganenia l»U»^, pi.
ganenuyUJi^, seen; cf. gan(n)i,
gcmetoa* tyU^, t^^^U B 33, seeing.
ganga UU^, pi. ganguna Ufc*^,
large drum used by soldiers.
ganga UU^^ daganga on purpose,
designedly, D 23; ct ga^ngan,
gangama j^Lii^ to put up together,
to mix; E 7 a^angaina duki-
a/nsu their goods shall be ga-
thered together, gangamatua^
F 88, pass, ana A;uma ganga-
matoa it is also joined to-
gether, nuiga/ngamiy confluence
of rivers.
gangami ^^^jU^, a large drum (lit.
gatherer); yi ganga^nin aaumi
to proclaim end of a fast.
gam^am, and dagangan^ see ganga,
daga/nga,
gangante ^Jiik^, to push into the
water and drown.
ganga/ra jmJ>^ or gam^am ^jjU:^,
to roll down, to jump down ;
pass. a>ga/nga/rif A 12, is rolled
down (? dies).
gango/ratva t^|/^^, rolling, F 153,
165.
goMgare ^jjLi^, gangara SjJLit,
pi. ga/ngaru ^jJf^, 1. bent;
yi gangare to be bent; 2. a
steep incline, declivity.
gangoH, see gangara.
gangaro* ^ji^, rolling down.
ga/ngatoari* (Jj\^i^, a herb sup-
posed to be an aphrodisiac.
gan{n)i ^i^, to see, to behold ; fre-
quently contracted to ga or gan,
gd-shi behold him ! na ganshi
I saw him ; cf . gan{n)o, ganene.
ga/ni* .-ifc, Ar. id., rich; Fl4t ahi
ne ga/ni he is rich.
ganna U^, rampart; cf. goMiva,
gan(n)o* yi^, to see; F 181 su
gano azaha they shall see pain;
cf. gan(n)i.
^ ^ »^
ganaawa tymiife, iq. seq.
gantseruwa t^jJaJ^ or. gancherwwa
'jL^^j hollow-backed.
^ #<»
ganwa tj^, pit, ditch, rampart or
wall round a town ; cf . ganna,
ga/ra Ijli (cf. Ar. JU iii, to trade),
the small addition which the
seller is expected to make to
the value of the article sold
by him on the completion of
the purchase. When a man
buys nuts or anything else in
a small way, he gets his fifty
or a hundred cowries worth
and so many extra thrown in
for luck; this addition is called
the^ara; enna gara=hcy9f much
are you going to give me into
the bargain %
gara jU, it is better; ga/ra hakka
it is better so, ni ga/ra en Ua/ya
it is better for me to stop.
gara \j^, pi. garani ^|j^, term-
ites (termes bellicosus), usually
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known as white ants; gara is
also used of ants generally;
for description of habits of
white ants cf. *Hausaland,'
pp. 160—164.
ga/ra jk, gdra jU or gera j^, to
prepare, to put a thing right,
to arrange matters; gara kaya
to get ready a load, gara
hainya to prepare a way; gerta,
q.v., is probably a secondary
form of gara,
gdra IjU, wife's marriage presents
given to a bridegroom ; yi gdra
to rejoice at a marriage.
garafini 0^>^ or garafunu ^j^,
bitter plant, its leaves used in
making sauce, fruit red.
gaj'a/unu, see garafini,
garaiya ^\/^, harp.
garage yjt^^j^ or garazi* ^^\j^^
haste, hastening; D 36 ^w her
garaje ma dunia leave off has-
tening after the things of the
world.
ga/ram(rn)a K^jk (cf. Ar. X«t^,
debt, tax), money paid to a
king for permission to travel.
garam(rn)a* ^j^^ dan ga/ram(m)a
threshold of door.
gararra Ijji, one who has become
blind after he has grown up;
cf . kishimi.
gardatoa, see gardi,
gardaye j^t>>^, skilful, especially
in war.
gardi or gerdi ^3^, f. ga/rdia
Q;^; savoury, e.g. gedda tana
da gardi the ground-nut has a
fine flavour.
gardi or gerdi ^>/^i pi. gardatva
\^hj^f a Hausa snake-charmer
who begs, beggar; cf. turdi.
gare ^^, to, at, unto. Its use
with pron. suffixes corresponds
to that of ga with nouns.
Used with them it expresses
possession, like the modern
Arabic JOP, thus ^juL^ =
gareni I have. In D 24 gare
is used absolutely, the pronoun
ski being understood, ha ma-
kawa gare he has no power of
resistance. It is . often pre-
ceded by dagga, hissa and hisa,
dagga gareni from me, kusa
gareshi near to him, hissa
goAreaa upon it.
gare ^jU, a cricket (1).
gare ^U, pi. garuruka l£»jijjU,
white tobe ; cf. girike.
^ ^
gargadi ^J>ij^, to warn, F 36,
i.q. galkadi, q.v.
gar garni i^^j^ or ga/rkanni^^^jk^
strong in war.
gargarajkj^i to exceed in strength,
to overpower; used like faa-
kara or huaye^ ya gargareni it is
too much for me, = (V) gagara.
gargas{8)a L*^^, pi. garga8(8)u
J tf 9 ^
y*^jky a large fish with white
scales below and red tail.
gari j^, ^j^, pi. garurua \^jjk
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and garigaru ^jij^i 1- country,
town, frequently used of a
small town as contrasted with
bimi a large town ; 2. sky, in
the phrase ga/ri ya wwye the
day dawns, lit. the place be-
comes light ; dunm ya waye is
used in the same way; 3. place.
Hence ga/ri{n) y^j^, to, m order
to, e.g. ga/rin shan iska in order
to drink the air, i.e. to enjoy
the fresh air, ya taffi garin
yawo he has gone for a walk.
gdri ^j^t flour; garin dorowa
meal made from the contents
of the locust-tree pods.
gari* ^^, a minute.
garika* li»;U, a cultivated piece
of land.
garike ^/^j^ or gerke ^^%^> P^-
garikuna U^^ or gerkuna
>jds>j^y 1. a place where cattle
are kept by night, stall, fold;
2. flock, herd; cf. girkeke.
ga/rikine*, cavalr}'; cf. garki.
garimaka Uc«^ or garinaka \SUj^,
crested crane, i.q. goraka^ q.v.
gdrio ^^j^, a missile knife, a kind
of sword with three cutting
blades used for throwing.
gariwaji* ^t^^j^, strong in war.
gariwoya \^^j^i ^o mix, knead
togetljer; cf. gar way a and
doHwoye.
garkamiy strong in war; cf. gar-
gami,
ga/rki* i^j^ or garikine \^*^j^y
cavalry with shields.
garkua or gerkua \^^j^, pi. gartki
^^&>|i, shield. For different
kinds of shields cf. kumngura,
kutti/a/niy kunkeli.
•^ ^
ga/rma i^j^, a large hoe bent back
like a small plough ; cf . galma,
garmaka^ crested crane; cf. go-
raka,
garowa* tj^^U, fine male slave =
kato,
ga/ru ^j^, a wall, a building =
kaianga.
garunfa or garwnifa LaJ^i-^, a
straw hat; the word frequently
occurs in the phrase cfew-
garunfa^ q.v. (cf. Kanuri, dan-
garumba), i.e. a trader who
carries his goods upon his
head.
" ^ "
garwashi u^tji^, pi. garwa^hoshi
L5^>^lv^> ^"^^®rs, burning
charcoal; usually followed by
touta; cf. gawoi.
" " * "
garwaya ^i^j^, to unite closely;
cf. C 20 note Tnun garwaya we
will unite together (?); ^vo-
hahly = gariwoya, q.v.
gasa* l*^, rivalry, emulation =
kishi.
ga8{8)a ^^, to make a large fire ;
used with gurasa bread, to
bake, to roast; ga^sa hanu to
warm the hands.
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67
y*
gcMoshe ^jSALm, f. gaaashia i^,wL.>fe,
pi. gasasu ^..yL.>fe, 1. caught,
of a fire; 2. roasted; cf. prec.
ga8(s)e ^<»^, with yt, to refuse to
keep a promise.
gtishi u^U, 1. hair or wool of men,
sheep, etc. ; 2. feathers of birds,
sabon gashi = down; 3. a single
hair, cf. F 144 karamta tastva
gashi its path is like a single
hair (cf. Fulah gasa),
gashi u^U, i.e. ga shi behold it!
a very common form of excla-
mation to attract attention to
anything; gashi wanan look at
this ! cf . fem. form gata.
gashi* cAU, in the phrase mugun
gashiy quarrelsomeness, bad dis-
position.
gashimare, clouds, etc.; cf. gaji-
mare,
gaskanta, see seq.
gaskaia %ZM\,»,t or ga^karUa C%I.v«»^,
1. to believe a fact; 2. to
establish the truth of a thing,
to assure a person of the reality
of anything.
ga^ke ^Vm^ and da gaske, true,
truly; cf. seq.
gaskia l^Cli (in D 32 1^4^), truth,
certainty, trust, righteousness;
da gaskia truly, certainly; bada
gaskia or yi gaskia to believe,
ba gaskia to speak the truth,
used of a judge ba or bada
gaskia = to acquit, gaskia ne
it is really so, ina/rasgaskia =
false, bangaskia* 1|Jum«^, faith.
gaslu* JlI^, Ar. Jlli^, washing;
F 90 awonke ka/a gaslu zanum
kushewa thou art laved and
washed for burial; cf. gislinu,
gata UU, pi. gataye ^^13U, spy,
sentinel, especially applied to
a man on watch up a tree, or
on a height.
gata* UU, to be strong; cf. gato
and (?) kato,
gala UU, in the phrase dan gata,
1. son of a rich man who has
inherited wealth but has done
no work; 2. anything much
desired.
gata UL^ or gatan biri, large
monkey (baboon ?), with red
beUy.
gata UU, the day after the day
after to-morrow, the fourth
day; cf. chitta,
gata* C^, this, in C 8 (?) bida
gata dunia seeking after this
world; probably a fem. form of
gaslii behold it!
gatana* UI»U, tale = tasunia,
gdtari ^£pU) pi. gdta/ra t;JIL^,
gdtura tpU and gdtarua tjij-^i^)
hatchet; dan gdtaH a small
hatchet.
gato y^, 1. buttock; maigato a fat
man; 2. bottom, foundation,
e.g. gaton darni bottom of a
fence; cf. gata to be strong,
also (?) ka>to,
5—2
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gatsa* UaLfc, stump, found in
D42(?).
gaude ^>^, small tree with red
flowers, edible fruit and hard
wood.
gatt^ta* OU^^, to hasten; cf. seq.
gaugawa ^^t to hasten, to be in
a hurry.
gauraka crested crane; cf. goraka.
gaxiahi ^^ or gausi i^y^y brittle-
ness, rottenness.
gauta \Jy^, pi. gautaye I5{!^>^,
a plant closely resembling a
tomato, of a bushy growth, its
fruit has a bitter taste.
gawa Ijl^, pi. gawaweki iJ^y^y^i
corpse, also used as a collective,
C6.
gawasa w^U, pi. gawasai ^*^^U,
gawasuna y^^l^ and gawa-
aoshi ij^y»fy^j a sort of plum
or stone fruit, brought from
the east, not grown in Hausa-
land.
gawo j^l^, pi. gawake i^y^,
a large tree, rain accumulates
underneath it during the rainy
season. It is planted near
houses for the purpose of ob-
taining water during the dry
season by digging under it.
Its wood is red, its berries
white; the leaves, which are
eaten by goats and cattle, fall
off during the dry season.
gawoi \;£^y pi. gawaye ^3^, char-
coal, not burning charcoal, for
which cf. ga/rwashi, F 207.
gaya ^U, 1^, to reveal, to make
manifest or known; ka gaya
mani explain to me.
gaya l^, alliance, e.g. between
two kings.
gaya* l^, dough {=^dirgaza\ any-
thing raw or uncooked.
gaya* U^, evil.
gayaraj^, fatigued.
gayya l^, 1. assembly, crowd of
people; 2. to assemble.
gaza* J^, cf. Ar. rt 3 J^, to have
strength, to be able; han gaza
ha I cannot do this; cf. gazdwa.
^ ^ ^
gazara* \jj^i a reed from which
arrows are made; cf. kemru.
gazdiva* tjtjk^, strength; F15 shi
ne aziza da bai gazawa He
is mighty and gives strength,
F 187 suna kuka enna maiaga^
zawa (?) they cry out, where
is any helper ? cf . maiagazdwa,
gazo* yJ^t cf. da gazo, strong.
geasa, to belch; cf. gesa.
geauga* U^^, playing, play.
gebe ^^, small pond, small run-
ning stream ; cf. gibi.
geche* tJ^, in the phrase gechen
kogi bank of a river.
ged{d)a ji, ji^, to wag the head,
to beckon, especially in phrase
gedda kai, probably a corrup-
tion of kada kai to assent;
cf. kauda kai to dissent.
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Wfc
ged{d)a SjJL, t j^, arachis hypogsea,
ground nut, monkey-nut, the
oil obtained from it {main
gedda) is used for food and
for lamps in Hausaland and is
very largely exported; it is
obtained by expression with
heat, and is of a light yellowish
colour; cf. gtichia,
ged{d)uwa tjj^, ^^J^, a disease
which causes the fingers and
toes to fall off; maiged(d)u7jua
a man who has lost a finger
or toe from this disease ; cf .
* Hausaland,' p. 152; probably
from Ar. 5j^, scrofula.
gefe iJ^y i>J^, bank of a river,
B150.
geftu yJ^y girdle, used by women ;
dan geftu id.
gemho y^^, pi* gembuna U^^,
ulcer on body.
geme |«^-*-^, pi. gem{m)fi L^,
beard ; maigenie a bearded man.
gendi jup, i<jup, f. geiidia bjU^,
a strong, muscular, fat person.
genged(d)i ^juiJLP, 1. to feel
sleepy, to be overcome by
sleepiness; 2. sleepiness.
gen{n)o* y^, a large foul-smelling
ant.
aera, to prepare ; cf . gdra.
^era 1;-^^, gira \j^ or ^tro j^>t>^,
pi. gerare ^j!>^, ^tr'oH \^}^jti^,
eye-brow; cf. ^ira.
gerdama UJi/t', 1. dispute, denial.
a dispute in which something
is denied; yi gerdania to dis-
pute, deny; 2. A 37, stingi-
ness (?).
gerdama j^^j^, to dispute, deny.
gerdawa, snake-charmers; cf. ga/rdi.
gerdiy savoury; cf. gardi.
gerke, fold; cf. garike.
gerkua, shield ; cf. garkua,
gero j|/^, 1. a grain like guinea
corn, it grows to the height of
about eight feet (= pennisetum
typhoideum ?); 2. a drink made
from milk, rice and honey.
gerta Cjj^, 1. to mend, repair,
improve; 2. generally, to make
ready, prepare, to comb (the
hair); cf. gdra,
gertache ^-f^j^y f. gertata Ul^,
pi. gertatu ^U^, adorned,
garnished, cleaned, dressed.
gertawa tjUy^, particip. form of
gerta, mending, etc.
^esa VJ-.-X, ^ea«a ^^W^, to belch.
geti* jJU^, stingy.
get{t)o yLi, cf. Ar. ^^^iii, 1. hol-
low ; used in the phrase getton
kune the hollow behind the
ear; 2. the perineum; 3. =
guzu, q.v.
gewoj/e, around; cf. kevooye,
geza \}^y pi. gezuna Uj^, 1. ear
of corn, rice or wheat; 2. used
of a horse, lion, etc. = mane.
gia l^, an intoxicating drink ; cf .
giya.
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gibi ^^, 1. tooth- gaping, applied
to men who have lost two
teeth; 2. in the phrase ya yi
gibi it overflows, used of rivers,
a cup, etc. ; cf . gebe,
giclve jJSjt^ or gichi jJ^, 1. to
overthrow; B 142 tana rikichi
wawa giche it deceives and over-
throws the fool; 2. stretched
out; B 118 ta sainya mutum
gichi it causes a man to lie
stretched out (in the grave);
of. (?) gigichi.
gid{d)a I j^, pi. gid(d)aje i.*.! J^ ;
gid{d)ash£ ^J^\jk^ or gicladaji*
^ji^^J^ D77, 1. house, dwell-
ing, premises, gidda includes
the whole compound which
may consist of more than one
house (daki) ; giddan chira
house of escape, refuge, e.g.
house of king, galladima, etc. ;
giddan gobe, B 27 liakka fa
dunia da giddan gobe so, too,
earth and the next world, lit.
house of to-morrow; giddan
UHZsa theatre ; 2. household,
3. receptacle, used of cases,
covers, etc., as giddan alura
needle-case, giddan kibia =
quiver, giddan zumua beehive.
gidibi w>Jl^ or kidibi ^jA, pi.
gidiba Qjk^ or kidiba IfjA
(cf. Ar. S^, liver), kidney =
ktvoda.
gigerjjL^, leg-irons = inalwa.
gigi* ^^jkfft, being toothless; cf.
gibi.
gig% cf . seq.
gigiche ^^^ or gigi ,jk^y 1. to
fail to understand, 2. to be
wanting in sense, 3. to scatter.
gigin{i)a L^Ji.^, pi. gigangani
or giginai ^^Jk^, fan or deleb
palm, the fruit (= kurdugo) is
white inside with red skin, the
leaves are used for making
hats, mats, etc.; cf. murichi,
gigita C^^x^, 1. to be giddy; cf.
gigichi, 2. LZ.j^Jt^, giddiness,
vertigo.
gilgiji ^%aU or girgiji ^-a*^,
cloud, moving cloud as opposed
to lumshiy q.v., a still cloud.
gilgiza J^aXi. or girgiza JSj^, to
shake.
I X
gilgizaze ^^^tJJtU, f. gilgizazia
X X J X O
b^tJjfcU, pi. gilgizazu «>t JkAU,
'' X X - "^^ X X
shaken.
gilmaJJ^f to cross, to walk across.
gilme* j^^X^, pi. gilmomi L«*e>«Jl^
^^ • ^ ^^X X
or gihwmi ^^yJL^, cross ; gil-
men ita^ihe* wooden cross.
*-• xO
gimba lu^, pi. gimbayi ^iJ^,
1. large white seed used as a
bead = (?) kimba, q.v., 2. the
young son of a king.
gimi*j^, a little village.
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Jl<M^
gimshi* ^J^^, name of a large,
shady tree.
gvmshiki ^ x <» ^i c or gumshiki
^ ^ ■i t >^, pillar, middle support-
ing pole of house.
^iwa ,^, to dig, to build ; used of
roads, to build, construct.
ginane ^J\^, cf. prec, built.
ginaniay cf. seq.
ginama ujU^ or ginania Ij^U^,
■> <• ^ .^
rain during heavy storm,
storm; cf. zirnania.
^irtc^i juP, i£JJ^t 1. the small of
back, 2. rope tying a horse's
leg to a post ; cf . daheheyi and
griiit O^i name of large fish from
which oil for eating is ob-
tained. •
gira^ pi. giror% eyebrow ; cf. gera.
girbi ^j^ or giribi ^j^y to cut
down harvest, to reap.
girgiza, to shake ; cf . gilgiza.
girigiji 9f^j^t cloud ; cf . gilgiji*
girike ^^^j^, white tobe; cf. gare.
girtma j^jk, to grow, to become
large.
girtma U|^, great, large; inai-
girima a proud or important
person, y^ girima — prec, cf.
gimuL,
girje, scab; cf. kurji.
10
girke \J^jkt ir^j^^ ^ cook by
blowing underneath a pot
placed on the fire, girkin tu-
kumyaj A 84.
» » •
girkeke ^ v ^ ^j^f f* girkekia
K^^jhy pl. girkeku y\^^j^,
closed, fastened; cf. garike,
J
girku* ^^, to remain (?) ; D 86
ya yi toto^i c/on sAi girku shi
zamna dunia he makes pre-
paration that he may remain
and continue in this world.
girma U^, 1. greatness ; F 22
fa girman naka tsoron maii-
yawa let the fear of the
Almighty be thy greatness;
2. glory (in heaven), D 62
rana nan da mqnmaza kun
samu girma on that day you
shall speedily obtain heaven ;
cf. proverb sai da rai aaamu
girma greatness will not outlast
death, hada girma (or girima)
to render honour to.
girmxima j^j^y to honour.
girmama U-«^, greatness ; E 22
ka her bidan fa girm^m^ka
leave off seeking after thine
own greatness.
girmankai ^^^j^t pride E 25;
•mxi8ugirm4inkai proud F 167.
girOy eyebrow ; cf. gera,
gi8(s)ago* ^kuk^, a tool with a
crooked handle used for strip-
ping leaves off trees.
gishiri jJL^^ salt (about half the
salt in Hausaland is imported
by way of the R. Niger, the
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Jii^
rest is brought from the
Sahara).
gislinu* i>^L»ft, Ar. ^ a ^l ^ .g,
putrid matter, F 196 n. From
same Ar. root ^owZi^ washing
is derived.
^t««o, spider; cf. giz(z)o,
giwa l^-ts-j^, pL ^it^^aye v^^^>df>
elephant ; toron giwa male
elephant, for fem. cf. tagua.
hakkorin giwa or Jiaurin giwa
elephant's teeth, ivory.
giwakamba, medicine for the eyes;
cf . dawa.
giwaya ^\y^ or jiwaya ^t^j^,
to go round a thing in order
to examine it, to gaze at, to
look on at. Possibly only
another form of kewoye.
giya l^, an intoxicating drink
made by soaking guinea corn
in water for three days till it
begins to sprout, it is then
beaten and boiled ; cf. D 10.
gizgari* ^j^J-^y strong warrior.
giz(z)o jj^, often pronounced
gissoy spider, used as emblem
of envy and jealousy, hakan
gizzo the rainbow.
giz(z)o jj^, fear, used in the
phrase ya yi ^izzo = ya ji
tsoro.
giz{z)o ^S^y an abundance of long
hair on the head in the fashion
of the Asbenawa (Tuaregs) or
the itinerant snake-charmers
{ga/rdawa).
goasa U>^, sweet-smelling fruit
of a tree.
gobara {^3^, Ar. j^^*^, 1. conflagra-
tion ; 2. ruins left after a con-
flagration ; 3. pain, torment,
cf. B 12 ko gobara ba yita don
bannai even the torment (of
hell) is not equally harmful.
gobdodo, bush ; cf. kobdodo.
gobdua, yolk of egg ; cf. kobdua.
gobe i^y^i 1- the morrow, to-
morrow ; sai gobe a parting
salutation = till we meet again
to-morrow; 2. used to qualify
nouns of time^ as week, month,
etc. = next, proximo, e.g. watan
gobe next month; 3. the last
day, the judgment day; B 87
wanda ke shiri domin gobe who
is making preparation for the
last day; adverbially, D 20
idan Imka yi gobe anadubu
nojdama if this be done, on
the resurrection day your re-
pentance will be seen; ranari
gobe the last day; B 11, 140
ran gobe id. ; giddan gobe B 27,
125 the next world; cf. 7nai-
gobe, B 3 note.
gobir j4^, pr. name of a large
district in Hausaland.
gob^'o, feui. gobrua, 1. bachelor,
spinster; cf. goi'o*, gorua* ;
2*. used of a bad kola nut
that has gone black ; cf . goro,
gobso*, bachelor; cf. goro*.
gobHriy also gobre, to dash together;
cf. gumberi.
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goclieina U-J^, to make to fall,
B147; cf. seq.
gochi ^3^ and goche ^Ji^^f 1. to
turn off from the way, to pass
anyone on the path, to lose
the way; 2. to be out of joint;
3. to knock against.
gochia or gtichia Ij^^, avoidance,
of a missile, etc.
god\d)a j^i^ to weigh, to measure.
god(d)a jl^, or goda l>5^, to show,
to point out; cf. C 17 shi kan
goda muna takitaki dunia he
would show to us the course of
the world; cf. god{d)u,
god{d)a Iji^, pi. god{d)odi ^ijj^,
a deer with dark skin, smaller
than the barewa; cf. karan-
god{d)a.
godawa* \*>^, joint, section.
gode {;J>y^9 Kanuri id., to thank,
give thanks to, constr. with
ace. and also with prep, ma;
na gode maka thank you; the
word is, however, chiefly used
of thanksgiving to God, as in
E 2 rnu gode ubangiji sarki
aa/rotay F 2 mu gode jalla sarki
maiiyawa, F 256 na gode ma
ailah.
gode* ^>^j a thorny creeper.
godia C>^, thanks, C49; D 100
muna godia zua ga allah\ cf.
D 101 m^una godia don mu-
liamimad we give thanks on
account of Mohammed, yi godia
to give thanks.
godia b>^, mare, used as fem. of
doki.
god(d)o ^J^, a coarse white cloth.
godobe i*^j J^, broad road = rtmdi.
god{d)u ^J^, intr. and reflex, form
of god(d)a, to appear, make
oneself known to.
goji sf>^7 ^^6 notch in an arrow
fitting the bowstring.
gogali J^^^y mixture of nuts,
beans, etc.
gogara*, boastful warrior; cf. gu-
gara^ gugirma.
goge ^^^y a stick for a musical
instrument resembling a violin;
cf. seq.
gogi ^i^yc> or goge ^^>fr, to scrape,
polish, clean.
gogo ^y^, baboon (gorilla ?;; cf.
bika, gata,
gogo* y»t'yt, Fulah id., aunt,
father's sister.
goguwari ^jy^y^, a small lizard,
with black head; its bite is
said to cause leprosy; cf. kutu.
gcfij charcoal; cf. gawoi,
goiwa \y^, elephantiasis in a man;
cf. kuikui.
goiya l^^, a child carried on the
back. Infants are always car-
ried thus in Hausaland, bound
to the mother by a fold of
cloth; B 116 ba shi mivtu goiya
ba does not an infant die ?
goiyo or goyo yf^, 1. to tie up
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together; to bear in the ear,
as com, etc. ; 2, yi goiyo to give
suck to.
goQi 9>>^) a kind of pumpkin that
grows on a house; of. kabiewa.
gojia^ ground nut; of. gtichia.
^ JP J ^ JO J
golgoda jAJL^ or gorgoda jsj^, to
measure, to compare by mea-
suring; cf. golgodo,
^ ^ J J
golgodawa tjjJu^ or gorgodawa
S^jJtj^y participial form from
preceding.
^ J J J j9j
golgodo jJm or gorgodo J^j^,
measure ; cf . D 25 koioa shi
samu golgodvsa every man
shall receive his measure (of
reward) ; used also adverbially
with suffixed pronouns, e.g.
A^ kayi gorgodonka na kokari
make what attempt thou canst,
lit. do thy measure of attempt.
gmna* U^^, good, applied to wo-
men only.
gotna U^, card, number, ten;
used with particle sha and the
units to form numbers eleven
to nineteen, goma sha daia
b^Ur L«^ eleven, goma sha
biu twelve, etc. gomia Itt^y^
a plural form of gorna is some-
times used to express the de-
cades above ten; thus gornia
biu would = twenty, gomia uku
thirty. This was probably the
original Hausa method of
counting large numbei*s before
they borrowed Arabic nume-
rals. With ellipsis of goma^
74 o>i
sha daia = eleven, s/ia biu
twelve, etc.
gom{m)i* j^y a club or heavy stick.
^ ^ 9 J
gomdazaki ^^^j^, 1. eagle (?):
2. followed by tamraro = morn-
ing star in harvest time, pro-
bably a in constellation Aquila.
gomraka, see goo^aka,
gona Uji, U^, pi. gonaki iJ^^,
1. farm, cultivated field ; 2. fig.
fosterer; B 109 dunia gonal
chiuta the world is the nur-
turer of sickness ; maigona =
farmer.
^ J
goiida tjL,;-g, often pronounced
gwanda (carica papaya), paw-
paw tree or fruit. The leaves
and fruit are greatly valued by
the Hausas. A piece of tough
meat wrapped in a pawpaw
leaf becomes tender in half an
hour. The same result is pro-
duced by placing a piece of the
fruit in the cooking pot. The
fruit resembles a melon and is
bright red inside.
gondo* jjU^, a fish resembling an
eel.
gondo ^jU^, name of district in
the hinterland of the Gold
Coast whence the Hausas im-
port their favourite kola nut.
gongola* ^UU^, a kind of rafter.
gon{n)i ^^ii^, pi. gon{n)ai ^i^,
clever, skilful, expert; as adv.
cleverly, skilfully, exi)ertl3^
goni Oy^i vy>^» profession, occu-
pation, skill, art; cf. seq.
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75
O^
gon(n)inta* llL^, cleverness.
gonki iJ^, a large deer or ante-
lope.
gora \j^, {Jj3^y pL gororo ^j^j^i^
and gorina ^jy^y 1. cane, reed;
2. arrow.
gora \j^y pi. gor&na ^j^^t cala-
bash, cup; probably identical
with kworia, q.v.
gora Ij^i, used in the phrase goran
lianchi bridge of the nose.
goraka l£>tj3^, gauraka l£>tj^,
garmaka L^L^^i^, gamraka
l£>t;i^ or gomraka [^\j^,
balearica pavonina, crested
crane; a large bird with golden
crest, the spread of its wings
is over six feet, its breast is
white; cf. *Hausaland/ p. 241.
goraya* ^j^j to box, to light.
goreba, dum palm; cf. goriba,
gorgodo, measure; cf. golgodo.
gorgunguma UpJU^;^, a large black
beetle with long legs.
goria* ^j^y a large goro-nut.
goriha ^j^ or goreba Wj>^, pi.
goribai i^^jy^ ^^^ gorihobi
i^yij^y crucifera thebaica,
the dum palm, mats, fans, etc.
made from its fibre.
gorje or gurje ^^^j^, 1. large,
buzzing horse-fly; 2*. small bell
on horses, etc.
goro ^jy^t P^* gtov/rra* (urr pro-
nounced as in English currier),
\j^, the kola nut, the fruit of
the sterculia acuminata, found
in the greatest perfection in
the hinterland of the Gold
Coast Colony. The nut, which
is the size of a large chestnut
and of brick-red colour, has
a bitter taste somewhat similar
to quinine, and is chewed by
the Hausas as a stimulant,
and enables them to go for
a long time without food;
cf. *Hausaland,' pp. 95 — 117.
namijin goro is a small white
kind of goro-nut used as a
medicine. To the salutation
alhishirinka (lit. your news ?)
the answer is goro.
ga/'o* yjy^ or gobro yj^ or gobso*
y*^y bachelor.
^ J J ^ JO J
gorua \yjy^ or gobrua \^j^, a
virgin ; cf . go7*a in Fulah =
husband; cf. prec.
jO J J pj
gorzo ^j^, 3^j^i ^' strong, muscular
person; 2. husband; C 50 gorzo
nan hadijatu the husband of
Hadija.
goahi ^^5^, forehead, brow, front;
B 51 ^ sainya lahiralka gab-
ban goshi place the next world
before your forehead.
goyoy to tie up together, give suck,
etc.; cf. goiyo.
goza, sweet potato; cf. gwaza,
gu, always with connective n^
pronounced m before 6, gun
^^ = umri, 1 . with, at, in ;
gu'nchan = tmiricJuin, C 33 gun
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76
O^ik
umya by the neck, Bill gun
duniana in this world, B 155
gun mallamai with the Mal-
lams ; preceded by har = har
ga, A 25 dagga kasuu har gum
huJd from the market unto a
marriage feast ; 2*. = gurubin,
instead of, for.
guba \^y 1 . a poisonous plant, B 1 4 ;
2. a mixture of dead flesh and
adua tree eaten as a preventive
charm against injury in battle,
etc. ; 3. a thing which has died
of itself; cf. Ar. aju.
gubc/d ^1^ or gache ^i^, 1. to
slip, to slip into; 2. applied to
the well, to fall in ; cf. kubcJie.
gub{b)o y^y back teeth.
gubriy to knock against ; cf . gum-
beri.
guchia \^ or gujia or gojia Ij^^^^,
pi. gujeye ^ * w^ fi . (cf. Ar.
jya^, Pers. gauz nut), a species
of small ground nut, not the
nut from which oil is obtained
(cf. gedda)y it is largely used
for food.
guchia, avoidance of a missile, etc. ;
cf . gochia.
guda Ij^, number, times; guda
nawa = how many? Used
with numerals as guda uku
three in number; also with
the force of our numeral ad-
verbs, as guda uku three times,
thrice; in phrases, ^ucfa A^anena
my only brother ; B 25 shi do
guda guda ta taire let him try
to take one, the other flees
away.
guda* Iji^, full stop; connected
with preceding.
guda \jkt or gudu ^j^, shout,
acclamation, crying out for
joy; cf. (?) gada.
guda* \jkt, circle, orb ; D 64 (?).
gudaje* ^^tji^, pi. in the phrase
gudajen zumua the young of
bees ; distinct in meaning from
kudaje, q.v.
gudana ^j^, a form of gudu to
run.
gudawa |^Ji^, diarrhoea; ctgudun-
gudu, a crying out for joy ; cf.
guda,
gudumaiy a club ; cf . gundumai.
gudu ^J^, J^j to run away, to
make one^s escape ; cf . gudana,
guje.
^ y 6 J J
gudunmawa Sy^jJ^, help, assist-
ance, especially in war.
gudundaji 4^t«iJjL^, an expression
for diarrhoea or dysentery; v.
gtidawa,
gufa 1^3^ or gufata Uu^, large
grass basket or pannier.
guf{f)aka Im^, leathern case for
holding a book.
gufata, basket ; cf . gufa,
guga li^^^, pi. guguna LLi^^,
bucket, skin used for drawing
water from well.
^ ^ J
gugana* v>^>^} formed from pre-
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ceding = jan rua to draw
water.
X *- J ^ ^ J
gugara* Sjk^ or gugari* ^j»^, a
mighty man ; kai gugari thou
mighty one ! used in exclama-
tions.
gugi* ^yt, pi. gugui ^y^,
swelling in front of a man's
body ; cf . kukui.
gugiy a large quantity ; cf. gugu.
^ J
gugirma* \^j^y^, boaster in war ;
cf . gogara.
gugu y^^ or gugi ^^, large
quantity, much ; ha shi da
gugu he has but little ; gugin
rairai much sand.
gugua Ij ty fc, also pronounced
gugwa a whirlwind, whirling
dust.
"* •* . . *■*
guiba or gvnha l^^ or guihi i^^tt^y
dirt, muddy water, dregs ;
D 57 raaimakara ha shi aha
rua ha sai na guiha he who
is late shall have nothing but
muddy water to drink.
guiwa Syt^, pi. guiwaye ^\^
and guiwoye ^^^, knee ;
guiwan hanu elbow.
gvje* tj^^i a form of giodu to run
away, to flee ; cf. nmguje.
gujeje* ^ tf^^^a^ l , fugitive, vaga-
bond, runaway slave.
gujia, ground nut ; cf. guchia.
gulhi %^>Mf pi. gulahe ^Ui, river,
any large amount of water in
a deep place ; gulhin ido the
socket of the eye.
gulgudu yjjUkk^ measure ; cf. gol-
godo,
gulgusa, to move back ; cf. gusa.
gululu* J^ (cf. Ar. J^fc, to
embezzle), the embezzling of
booty ; E 9, F 205 fa mam-
halal ta gululu kajirai ne and
those who regard embezzling
as lawful are heathen.
guma* \^y used like gara to ex-
press superiority , as gara hakka^
guma hakka it is better so.
gum(m)a* j^y finish ; cf. gama.
. • " J "■»
gunia^gumai ^offpfe, stumps, pi.
of gungume, q.v.
gumasakawa* t^ViMQ.fe or gumsa-
kawa \y Vm.q ^, place where
anything is stored.
^ J
gumha l^^, mixture composed of
rice, milk and honey.
J J
gumheri ^j^^i ^j,Ji^, gohUri
{Jjyiy^ or groftrc {Jj^, to
knock against, e.g. the arm
against a wall, to dash together.
J J J pj
gumbo y^^^ y^i ^^^ next child
born after the birth of twins
tuguaye,
gum(m)i ^, ^^t-, abusive lan-
guage, abuse.
J St ^
gum(m)i i**^ ( Ar. ^, to oppress
with stifling heat, of the day),
1. heat of the sun, 2. perspira-
tion = zu/a.
gumji ^"^ or gamji 9m^, a tree
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53W>
from which india-rubber is ob-
tained, Landolphia (?); domkon
gumji = india-rubber.
gvmki ^X^ or gamki ^.X^^, pi.
gumakai ^J^, 1. idol, graven
image ; 2. place of torment for
unbelievers.
gumki* ^^X»ft, a title given to a
learned man or mallam.
gum(m)o y^^ the cloth worn by
porters on the head.
giunsakatva* , store-place; cf. gu-
masakawa.
gutnahe, to meet, etc. ; cf . gamahe,
gumsheka* \SiJL^, 1. species of
snake, ten feet long, black,
with red neck, poisonous; 2.
epithet applied to a warrior.
gumshiki, pole ; cf . gimshiki,
gun ^^, cf. gu.
■*"■'
gunaguni ^JA*^, to grumble, to
murmur; yi gunaguni id., cf.
(?) guri.
gunda* ) jU^ (prodotiscus ?), honey-
guide bird.
gunda tjU&, 1. edible bark of a
tree ; 2. strips of leather.
gunda jU^, to bud, also in phrase
yi gunda id., used e.g. of a
melon kdbewa ta yi gunda it
sprouts.
gunduy tribute, i.q. gandu, q.v.
gundumai ^^AJJit or gudumai
,-,*j^, clubs, D41.
gungama UUU^, warrior.
gungu* yxit, pi. gunguna UxJ^,
island ; the word is probably
borrowed from the Songai lan-
guage.
gungume ^^^jUh^ pi. guma^gumai
^ J ^ J
^»i»ft, stump of a tree after
it is cut down.
gunsul* Juma^, a Moorish corrup-
tion of Consul, commonly used
by the Hausas in N. Africa.
guntaari ^k^fc, curds of milk
which have become sour.
guntu yJ^, in the phrase guntun
ahuy small remainder or frag-
ment of a thing, a smaU piece
cut off.
gunzu* jj-^, field mouse.
J ^ J J » J
guragu ySj^ or gurgu ^j^^ pi.
J ^ ^
guragu ^\j^^ 1. halt, lame;
E 36 guragunmu our lame ones;
2. with bent legs; 3. without
legs.
gurara* Ijj^^, Ar. ^j/^, a large
sack for oxen or camels.
gurasa ^^j^y ^j^i Ar. iL^, bread ;
usually confined to wheaten
bread, which is only made in
the northern parts of Hausa-
land, red pepper being one
of the principal ingredients;
kurdin gurasa a phrase used in
asking alms.
"•' ■*
guratoa* \^j^j foreigners.
gurhaclie ly W>^» to b® destroyed,
to disappear; B 93 gahhaa da
yamma zata ta gvrbache the
east and west will disappear,
B 100 en ka ga xamani yagur-
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bache as thou seest that this
world will be destroyed.
gv/rgu, lame; cf. gurayu.
gurgunchif halting; cf. gurugunta,
gurgunta, halting; cf. gurugunta.
gurij^, Vii!;>^> ^- P^'ide, lust, evil
desire; ya yi magana da guri
he talks proudly; 2. wish;
B 119, F 246, B 64 ha duko,
guri kan ruska thou receivest
not everything that thou wish-
est for.
guri ^j^, 1. to grumble, to
groan; also yin guri id., cf.
(?) gunaguni'^ 2. to entertain
some bad design, to desire, to
wish for, to be proud, to boast;
cf. prec.
gv/rih% VJ^' ^^^^'
#' •>
guriguri* ^j^j^^ ©vil, D 61 ; cf.
gurL
guriguri* ^jt>j^^ Fulah gorgoro,
a horse-soldier.
gurimi, a musical instrument ;
cf . gurumi,
gurjago, a file ; cf. gurza^go,
gurje*, small bell ; cf . gorje.
gurje^ scab; cf. kurji,
gurjia Ijh^^, a large tree, the
bark of which is used for
staining the teeth.
gurmunta, halting ; cf . gurgunta.
gursuna U^j^ or gurusunu yi^jt
(Fulah id.), hogs, also applied
to domestic pig ; cf . hanzir,
guru* yj^, girdle of rope made of
grass or fibre.
gurvhin Oy>^> instead of, guru-
hinsa in his place ; cf. gu (2).
guru/am j^M>ft, to kneel down,
to bow down, to prostrate one-
self ; yi gurufani id.
gurugunta iJLJL.^, gurmunta
^9J6J 9J0J
wUii^ or gurgunchi %^<U^^,
halting ; yi gurugunta to halt.
guru^usa, to move away from ;
cf. gusa.
guruguehe ^Mjb', to move from
or towards a place.
guruguao, to move towards; cf.
guso,
gurumfa U.^^, hat made of straw;
i.q. ga/rumfa, q.v.
gururmjtjt or gur%m% j^j^y found
in the expression gurumin
kiddi a musical instrument
resembling a guitar.
gurungutUsx* ^^oUa^, gristle.
9 ■> i J »jj
gurus* ^j^ (cf. Ar. J!^ji, pi. j^ji,
piastre), small money as used
in N. Africa.
gurusunuy hogs ; cf . gurauna.
gurzago* ^JjS> or gurjago yk^j^y
a file; cf. i^) gi8{8)ago,
guaa ^^ or gulguaa ^jmSM or
gurugusa t^-»^^> ^ move a
little way back, to rise up,
to withdraw from, gv^awa
" ' "*
\ym^y participial form of prec,
moving a little away. gtMo
J J J J J J
ymk or guruguso y^J^, to
move a little way forward, to
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C5^
draw towards a person ; cf.
gurugushe,
gushagushi ^JJlL^, a sort of itching
disease which attacks the roots
of the toes or fingers ; cf . guTJe.
gualw guahe* ^JLjuL^, to gush out
abundantly.
gusu* bottom ; cf . guzu.
6 J J
gu8umj^^^^ south; cf. (?) guzu,
J J J X
gusumchi st^Ji^t, ^^^^..^^t, towards
the south.
guwa tj3^, water, a sip of water;
D 66 raTia na akannemi guwa
on that day a little drinking
water shall be sought for;
phrases ina da guwa there is
a little water, guwa sai ya reggi
the water decreases.
guza* \}^, species of iguana about
one foot in length.
guzu ^J^ or gusu* y^c.^ 1 . bottom ;
guzun itaclie stump of a tree ;
2. fig. cause, kada ahi guzunsa
let not its cause be traced,
meaning, minene guzunsa ?
what is its meaning? 3. ma-
trix.
guzuma L^js-, 1 . lean ; 2. an old
lean goat, cow or horse ; also
applied to women in the same
sense.
guzura tjj^, pi. guzure ^jj-^,
1. small piece, crumb or frag-
ment; 2. the remaining piece
after cloth has been measured
out; cf. seq.
guzura jj^f to take a pinch of.
guzun ^jJ^, jjift, provisions for
a journey; yi guzuri to make
provision, E34 idan muna tashi
mu yi guzuri da asna if we
start, we obtain provision for
the journey from the heathen.
gwahi v!>^> ^- ^*^i ^ gwahi or
maigwahi, adj., fat.
gwamatsi* JaL«t^, draw near to;
B 1 5 ku yan uwa ku gwamatsi
>mallamai you, my brethren,
draw near to the Mallams.
gwami jiSys>^ 1. lameness, a bent
leg; 2. bandy-legged, f. gwamia
\(^\yt' ; inaigwami id.
gwana* Ot^c or gwano >3ty^, a
stinking beetle.
gtoajida*, pawpaw; cf. gonda.
givari ^j>fr, name of a large
town about fifty miles west
of Zaria, v. ^Spec. Haus.,' p.
104 n.
gwaska \SLt^y an ordeal by water
given to slaves only.
guxiza \^yh or goza t3i^^, pL
^ i ^ i
gwazuna \j^yt> and gwazoyi
^i^^i a kind of sweet po-
tato.
gwiba, dirt ; cf . guiba.
gwiyiki* ^^, oak, terebinth.
gwiwa, knee ; cf. guiwa,
gwumki* iJ^t a large animal
with four horns.
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(JJ^
A, hy h. There is no uniform dis-
tinction of sound made by the
Hausas between •• h and h h.
These are in fact interchanged
in the spelling of the same
word. As a general rule Hausa
words unconnected with Arabic
do not contain the letter h h.
The letter «;. h only occurs in
words connected with Semitic
roots. In the case of those
recently borrowed the sound
of ^ A is that of the harsh
Arabic guttural ch or kh; in
other cases, e.g. haifua, its
sound approximates to that of
h and h. In the case of certain
words taken from Arabic the
h may change into h or may
disappear altogether; cf. Ar.
hdsratim S|m*^, Hausa hasdra
jLm^, and asdra tjlwt, and
tasdri jiLj. The sound h is
sometimes interchanged with
that of / and b; cf. kuda,
Juda; hcUbCy haUe, In some
cases the sound of the h is very
uncertain; cf. iaka or hiska
wind, achi or hcuihi com; in
hcUama h represents Ar. e.
hciba l^ or hubba l^, exclamatory
particle expressing astonish-
ment, indignation, incredulity
or denial.
ha^a l^, pi. hahobi ^yt^, chin;
A 6 shi tada haha yi jaki ber-
bera he would lift up his chin
and bray like an ass.
R.
habaichi
Wi^-e-
..^, pi. habaitai
., 1. abuse ; yin ?iabaichi
to abuse behind one's back;
2. signs between two men
understood by them but not
by spectators.
hahaki* ^l*^, pi. habaka l£t^,
cf. Ar. Jl^, cloud; B 169 Aa-
bakal kamshi clouds of incense.
hahama* ^o{^, to expand as boil-
ing water, D 65 (?).
Aa6e* L<*»-, aboriginal tribes.
haherta* C>/^^y Ar.J^, 1. to ex-
plain, declare, publish; 2. to
warn, hahertatoa* |yx^* de-
claration, warning. The com-
moner form is laherta, q. v.
hahki «2L^, wild onion or leek.
hah{b)o yji^i bleeding from the
nose.
habri ^J/t^ or harbi ^j*», to
kick, used of a horse; cf. harbi,
hahahi to bark; cf. hafshi,
hachi L<^ ^^ hatd ^^la^, com,
A 10; cf. ttchi,
had{d)a j^, 1. to pile up, bring
together; AW ta kan kadda
maka rigwna it will heap up
for you tobes, A 51 ahad-
daau chikkm umta they shall
be brought together in the fire.
hadaka* L^UL*., pi. hadaku
^^Ik^ stranger.
hadoflriy see haderi.
hade i^j^, to swallow.
6
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82
u:^
haderi jj^^, ^jj,^^, storm, tor-
nado, tempest.
had(d)ichi* ^^^j^^ (cf. Ar. ^«a^
ii), to explain, declare; D 5
zcrniu fa haddichi akan majia
kalami we will speak out if
there is anyone to listen to
our words.
^ » ^
Twdua* I^J^^) to enter into (?).
hafahiy Jtupshi or Iwhahi ^JLm^j
havshi ^ tt^ ^ or hamshi*
^^^^C^, to bark; F 184 da
kamuka chikkin vmta nuisu-
Ivafshi 8una ha/shi and there
will be dogs to bark in the
fire, they will bark.
hag{g)u ^Mi, a small spear or dart
for catching fish.
Ihogu 3Mi or kaguvij^Mj^y j^^k^,
left hand, A 17; cf. ?uzuni,
Iiai* ^-fc., a form of the particle
luir ; E 47 hai adamatoa as far
as Adamawa, E 50 hai mu
wushe till we pass by....
hatha* U^*. beautiful clothing.
hai/a/e ^^fh^ t hai/a/a \iuu^,
pL haifa/uy^ff^f pass, particip.
of hai/e, born.
hai/e ^jk^^, hai/e ^^^At*»> Ar. rt
^^g^y 1. to bring forth, to
bear,.of human beings, animals,
trees and plants; 2. of the
male, to beget ; C 28 randa
(a)kahaifob8a (u"ic»^) ^^^ ^'
fant on the day it is bom.
haifa >*{»*• o^ Aoi/t^ ^{ ^, 1. to
be delivered; 2. to be con-
fined.
haifua \^i^ or haifua t^a^,
birth ; tun haifwi from birth.
AanTicAt ^t'U^^, 1. alloy or metal
with which alloy has been
mixed; cf. ^aji\ 2. fig. deceit,
fraud.
haila jU^, menses of a woman.
hainya IjU^ or haya* I^n^, pi.
hainyoyi ^^x^^, used both
as masc. and fem., 1. road,
way, street; 2. fig. path of
faith, custom, etc.; E 18 c^
niasuzama ga hainyoyin imi-
sulmi those of you who con-
tinue in the ways of Mus-
sulmans; cf. ta/ariki,
haira*, \j^, Ar. j^, good, D 40.
haiyet{t)a C>nj>^, to trouble, to
annoy.
Iiajetu* C'^.ij^dfc., the vowels.
haji ^^%-fc, Ar. rt «.^, 1. pilgrim;
2. pilgrimage; B 162 gvri gor-
reni en taffi (or amtaffi) haji ne
I have a strong desire to go
on the pilgrimage; D 22. haji
^^^^'i to go on the pilgrimage,
ie. to Mecca.
hajijia \(.^ j^w^^ (Ar. ^^uxm, an
intoxicant), drunkenness.
hajta* lX^.fci, found in muhajta^
B 166, for maauhajtay pil-
grims; cf. Ao/t.
AaA;(A;)a l^, Uil, iL., Ar. iL.,
so, thus, F 153 ; hakka ne ko
ha hakka ha is it so or not?
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83
x2^
hak{k)anan sjix^^ thus, in this
or that manner, also a peri-
phrasis for *the same.'
hakarikari ^jl^>>^, ribs.
haki ^J^f pi. hakukua t^^^X^.,
a kind of grass; F 95 (zkawo
dcm haki gainye aduntae a little
new grass is brought and
pressed down.
hakia \^tf^ or hekia IflC^, disease
of the eyes, cataract (?).
hakika U^^A^, Ar. Uj^A^., truly,
verily, indeed.
AaA^/banto* c%Utii^, to assert the
truth or certainty of anything,
to convince, to certify.
hdkimi ^ p ^^«<^> pi* ^(fA^imat
j^^i^U, Ar.^U, governor,
ruler.
hak{k)o ySi^y >^> P^ hak(k)oki
^f>5Vfc, 1. pit or hole for game
to fall into, pitfall; cf. turko;
2. fig. of what leads into error
or harm, a snare; yin hako to
make a pitfall for animals, also
to take animals in a pitfall;
ina haJco hakin mutum I watch
the words of anyone for a slip
of his tongue to be used against
him; ci,fak{k)o,
hakora, patience; cf. hanku/ri.
hak{k)ori (^j>i^, pi. hak{k)ora
tj^^, tooth; ?iak(k)orin giwa
ivory. For distinction between
h(ik(k)ori and Iiau/ri, cf. under
hcmri.
hdkumclie^ see hakmnta,
hakumchi whJ^ or hukumchi
Ar. ^jfi^, 1. order,
command; 2. judgment; D 59,
73 ?ud allah ahi tjoanya hukum-
chi nai ga ha/yi until God hath
finished His judgment upon
His servants.
hdkumi ^oi£»l*., Ar. ^j^x^, power,
influence.
hakmrUa ^ T p ^ — or hakumche
fjy^y Ar. ^i&i., to order,
to command.
hat Jt*., as far as ; cf . hcvr,
halaka iUA, Ar. «2Ua ii, to destroy;
G 2 ya hcdakasu he destroyed
them, halaka liJU, Ar. HSJk,
destruction.
halal JJU-, halaa yjJ^- or hallata*
Ul^, cf. Ar. JU-, what is
lawful, proper, becoming, pure,
ceremonially clean; F 205 fa
maauhakU. . . those who regard
...as lawful. Opposed to Jia-
ram,
•^ X fix
halalehi ^JUL^, Ar. J.^, purity,
propriety ; see prec.
hal(l)ama* U*^*-, perhaps, it may
be, I expect = ina tamaha,
hatanxa* WU^ (U^JU ? B 131), cf.
Ar. ^^^, instruction.
haXama* jj^^y At. JJi^^ 1. to put
anything in a book as a marker ;
2. to put a mark on the ground ;
cf. amara,
fialas, lawful; cf. hakd,
6—2
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84
halbi ^jfi^t^, halbe i^t^ or ha/rbi
^-J;^, 1. to discharge a bow,
gun, etc. ; ya hcUbi Mbia or da
kibia he discharged an arrow,
ya luUbi bindiga or da bindiga
he fired a gun; 2. to shoot or
hit with a bow or gun, ya
lialbeni he hit or shot me,
G 5, 1. 1 akahalheahi da kibia
he was shot with an arrow;
3. of serpents, insects, etc., to
sting.
hal{l)i ^ (cf. (?) Ar. JU.),
1. manner, mode, custom, pecu-
liarity, fashion, characteristic,
e.g. aaia hallin baraOy theft is
characteristic of the thief;
2. temper, disposition ; C 24,
F 84 8una karfi halli they have
a hard disposition.
hal{l)ia* Q^ (cf. (?) Ar. ^^),
adornment (1); cf. B 135 note.
halichi* wJL*., Ar. J»»-, to create =
haliUiy q.v.
htdiku* ca)W, Ar. uUW, creator,
1)3. '
halil* JJU., name of a commentary
on the Koran (1); cf. E 11
note.
halilu* JhJU., Ar. J^jJ^, friend,
a title frequently given to
Abraham, D 77, F4f
halita* UX^, Ar. J»»-, creature,
creation ; F 208 aabon halita a
new creation (i.e. creature).
halita* cJU- or talita* cJL3,
to create; cf. halichi.
halshi yJjX^ or harshi ^j^^ pi.
haUhina UtoJL*., U^^*., 1. the
tongue; D 67 kishiirua che
akansurya halshi hal makurua
thirst shall bum the tongue
down to the throat ; 2.
tongue, language, enunciation,
pronunciation ; haUhin wuta
flame.
hama l^iL, to gape ; yin hamia id.
hamada* bU^ (cf. ? Ar. rt j^^),
desert, stony plain.
^ .» .» i < ^
hamata Up^, pi. hamatu ^7^^,
arm-hole, arm-pit.
Iiambttdiga Uj^.;^., ainhum, i.e. a
disease which causes painful
cracking of the skin in the
under-joints of the little toe,
V. kudumbia ; cf. * Hausaland,'
p. 152.
Immfude tgjukJL^ or ham/udi
^jLiu»., to eat greedily, to
throw into the mouth; ham-
fuden gari ^yi^ O^*^^ ^^^'
ing flour into little balls and
throwing them into the mouth.
hamilu* ^Xjk^^, Ar. 3Xfg^^, sword-
belt, usually made of silk.
hamsa iu. p^, Ar. rlma^, card,
num. five ; often used for five
thousand, the Hausa word
biar being the ordinary equi-
valent for five.
hamshi*, to bark ; cf. hafahi.
hamsin ^ ««. p ^, ^, |iu.» ^, Ar.
, card. num. fifty.
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85
t^U:*.
hamso* ^miq^, a small branch or
twig.
hamzari ^jj-^^i ^jjimm or Aam-
1. to hasten,
D 76 muna hamza/ri ztui gid-
danmu we hasten to our homes,
da hamzari hastily ; 2. to con-
fess a fault (?), A 70.
han(n)a v>^, U^, 1. to hinder,
prevent, restrain, A 51 en bai
hannasu ha if he restrain them
not ; 2. withhold, deny, refuse,
say no. In buying and selling
na hanna = I refuse the offer
made, or I decline to do busi-
ness, ham,{n)awa \^i^, ^y^^^i
refusing, refusal; F 16 shi ni
ko karimu da ha Jia/nnawa He
is gracious and refuses not.
hanhare^ ^j^J^^, to kick away,
B 144 domin ta hanhareka ga
addini that it may kick you
away from religion.
hanchi ^^Ji*- or hantsi ^k;^., the
morning two hours after sun-
rise, i.e. about eight o'clock;
B 103 tasawcd hantsi the time
of sunrise, B 56.
hanchi . JU^ or hanshi*
pi. hanchochi y^ y ii^., h nose,
nostrils; F 199 luuta na Jita
ga haki da hamshi fire shall
come out of their mouth and
nostrils, goran hanchi bridge
of the nose ; 2. loop (1).
hanchi ^t^>^, found in the phrase
hanchin kade = 1 . the fruit of
the shea butter tree {kadanya\
2. a neck ornament worn by
women.
hamfude*^ to throw food into the
mouth ; cf. hamfvde,
hmga/ra I^aI^, 1. dropsy, 2. swell-
ing caused by the guinea-
worm.
hangarma* U;jU»., a deep wide
pit.
hange* ^^i.^*-, 1*. as far as the
eye can reach ; 2. to see at a
distance, na han^eshi dagga
nssOh
hangum* j^ki ^ , swelling on the
throat.
hdnia^ noise ; cf . hayania.
haninia ^ ^ ' ^ * *^ , ^^^^^^^g) yi
haninia to neigh.
hrniji 9...;^, ^ m,.i^y bowels, F 189,
198.
hankade* ^jSL^^ to open, e.g. a
door.
hankaka LS^Lx^, pi. hankaki
^^£>Uu*., hankaku j^Uu*.
(corvus scapulatus 1), a crow
about the size of a raven, its
body is black, its breast and
a rim round the neck white.
hankali ^AJU»., hanhdi iJ<hiJ^
(cf. (1) Ar. JXS, ^, intelli-
gence), sense, prudence, fore-
thought, foresight, care; da
ha/nkali sensibly, prudently ;
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y JdXfJi^
86
is-!^
yin hcmkaXi to take notice of,
to beware of, v. B 5, C 16,
maihankali prudent.
hankaltilo y LlSJi^, Kanuri id., a
small spear for throwing.
hankora* j^*^, to believe in.
" ■* * '
hamkula UUUL^, attention ; cf.
hankali and seq.
hankuri jkiMy ha/nihura \jkJJk or
^ J ^
hakora [fkkj 1. patience, meek-
ness, resignation, forbearance;
ina hankuri or ina yin hcm-
kuri I show patience or resig-
nation, F 83 ku hankuri or
ku yi hanhwri be patient ; 2.
comfort, consolation, ya hada
masu lumhu/ri (also hankura)
he comforted them.
hanna, see under han(n)a,
ha^saki yJuJ^m^, tongs, pincers;
cf. ansakiy hauKi/rtek{k)i.
hansa/ri, to snore ; cf . minahari.
hanshi, nostrils ; cf. Hanchi.
hanta Uu». or anta lZ3t, liver;
F 198 vnUa ta chisu ha/r ta
shinyi (= chinyi) hanta the
fire shall consume them till it
eats up their liver ; for use of
anta cf. D 67.
hanu yi^, pi. ham,ua \y^^ 1. hand,
A, \1 ka tara hanu you put
forth both hands ; hanu/n giwa
elephant's trunk, cf. use of
Lat. manus ; hanun rua a kind
of nut, like a kola, brought
from Nup6 ; 2. sleeve, pi. han-
aye ^^^^JL^; wuika hanu lit.
sleeve knife, a kind of short
sword attached by a leathern
ring round the sleeve, used by
the Tuaregs.
hanzir* ji>^, jix^^ pi- hanzirad
iJ^^fJ^, Ar. Jif-^^ wild
swine ; cf. gursuna,
ha^shiy to bark ; cf . ha/shi,
ha/r ji^ or hal Jt»., till, until, as
far as; used 1. with nouns,
D 67 hal makurua unto the
throat; with proper names of
place, G 1 har mangi as far as
Mangi, F 181 Aar habhahu to
Habhabu ; in a list har = un-
til, hence it = as well as,
including, cf . har zvhairu and
Zubair ; 2. with adverbs or pre-
positions, har yanzu till now,
up to the present time, G 1
har ya zua zamani othmanu
until the time of Othman ;
3. in introducing clauses and
sentences, D 73 hal allah shi
wanya hukumchi nai ga bayi
until God hath finished His
judgment on His servants, v.
D 84, F 198 ; Aar is often fol-
lowed by the particle dai;
hardai is sometimes equivalent
to * in order that ' ; cf . hai.
ha/ram j^j^^ J^])^i Ar. j^j^^ what
is unlawful or cannot be done
lawfully, anything ceremonial-
ly unclean, unbecoming, un-
just ; used in sense opposite to
haUd ; ahin hara/m = haram,
ha/rdmia \^\j^y unlawful gain
or profit, e. g. from the sale of
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J^\jm. 87
pigs; chi haramia to make
unlawful gain, ha/rdmu j»[
anything which is unlawful,
E 17 8una duhi ha/ramu thej
behold what is unlawful, F 9
id.
han'dra* SjSj^^ Ar. j\j^y 1. pas-
sionateness, F 8 A^ her hara/ra
duka give up all proud looks ;
2. to stare at, frown on, look
proudly on.
ha/rasa Ci^^, reproof.
ha/rdwa t^j/i-^, name given to
leaves or stalks of beans and
ground-nuts, e.g. ha/roMXjm
wake, harawom gujia. These
are used as food for horses.
harhi tmfj-^j 1. to kick, of a horse,
cf. Iiabri ; 2. to shoot, cf. hcUbi.
harhiay a bird ; cf . hashia,
. ha/rda* S^^^, used with aamu to
learn by heart, D 33.
hcMrdai, until, in order that; cf.
h>ar.
ha/rerewa* Syny^^y joyous laugh-
ter.
hargi tj^y i^J'^t small spear
tied to the wrist, which is
thrown and then pulled back.
hcurgowa \^ji^y noise made by
talking loudly or angrily ; yin
hcurgowa to howl.
har{r)i* j^, kSJ^* ^- collection
of cavalry for war; 2. a raid
in war.
hariji* sV** or hwnjiji <^j^, pi-
haT^ai Jt^j^, Ar. ^f^,
a letter of the' alphabet.
haHo yij^^ again = har + yo (cf .
encore = hanc horom).
ha/raa I *i>;i ^ or hiraa L*^^.^, a
turban usually made of white
muslin with pictures worked
on it, worn by princes only.
harahi* ^j^^ abundance of talk.
ha8{8)a ^,^M». or h,az(z)ajM» or az{z)a
J^, to light, h,a88a vmta to light
a fire, or to rake together
expiring embers.
ha8{8)a^ L^*^» ^ ^^® ^ ^ *^^"
gasda.
hdmda tju>l*. or ha8(8)ada tju»^,
Ar. jum»., envy, jealousy, D 7,
F 8, E 24.
Aa5(8)a(^ jumi^, Ar. jum%.*., to
trouble, torment, persecute.
ha8dla* *jC^y cf. (?) Ar.
anger, displeasura
hasdra
Ar.
1. to suffer
loss, A 33 8un haaara alahira
they shall suffer loss in the
next world; 2. tjll*., loss,
cf. (Mdrttf ta8dri.
XX fix
hasaahi* ^j*Lm». (cf. Ar. ^,^m»>, to
listen, perceive), to consider
carefully, to be in doubt.
X • X ^ X • X
hashia l;>y»^ or ha/rhia* ^j-^, a.
bird rather larger than a pigeon
with red rim round the eyes.
hashia ^t^j^i silk border at the
bottom of a woman's dress.
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LH>^
haskdka* JlC.u»>, 1. to shine, give
light; 2. to lighten, illumi-
nate.
haske ^yCl^., pi. haskoki ^ ^ £a> yC »».^,
light; F 229 faskokimu awn
fi wuta da haske their faces
shall be brighter than fire;
maihashe full of light, B 167
hirni madina maihaake tutut
the town of Medina is ever
full of light.
J St ^
haamnu* ^L-*.^, proper noun
(Hassan) used verbally, F 240
8u hasaanu they come to the
place of Hasan.
hatumi i^^^^y cf. Ar. rt^^^X**, a
charm written on a board
(alio) divided by lines into
squares; the ink is then
washed off and the water
drunk as a medicine, or to
secure anything desired. For
specimen of such cf. *Spec. of
Hausa Lit.,' finis.
?Mu y^y to ascend, shortened form
of hawa, q.v. F 143.
hauia, hoe ; cf . hauya,
^ 6 ^
hauia \iy^i twenty, a score, used
esp. in counting cowries with
sums divisible by twenty, thus
hauia biu = forty, ?iauia hok-
kai = one hundred and forty.
Ck)mpare A 39 shi ne ya dauki
wwri ya her hauia dari he
seizes one cowry but loses two
thousand cowries.
hauka l£»^^, hauka l^^A, 1. a
fool; "BIS jahili ahika yi kama
hauka the ignorant man would
act like a fool, F 32 ; 2. folly,
madness ; 3. to be mad ; mai-
hauka or man,hauka^he a mad-
t X » .^
man. hauka^she ij^y^i to be
fierce or mad, to rage, to be
^ ^ • ^
ecstatic. haukata C»%^> ^,
causat. to madden.
hauni iJ>^, left, ha/au na hauni
= luigu left hand ; E 45 mu
rataa ka/no da bau^hi mu berau
hauni we turn aside from
Kano and Bauchi, we leave
them on the left.
hauri ^^*», tooth, tusk; haun
as distinguished from hakkori
is applied to the large front
teeth of a man or animal or to
a single tooth, hav^'in giwa
would be a whole tusk, hak-
korin giwa a piece of ivory.
^ • < ^ <» *'
liauaa* Lo^^, pi. harata Ut^».,
tongue, language, speech.
hauaa U^*» or ha/aaa UjA, prop.
n. Hausa, the Hausa language,
the Hausa nation, the Hausa
country {kasan hauaawa or
kasan hausa, id.); hahavshe
iJ^^i^^ (= 6a + havsa + i with
change oi a io ah before t),
pi. hauaa/uoa \^«»ym, a Hausa,
a man of the Hausa nation.
havsaki* i!l.i>^^, a kind of shirt
put on under a shroud, D 88
note ; cf . ausagi.
hauahi cH>^, anger, dislike, vexa-
tion, envy; yanajin Jiauahi he
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feels angry, yanajin havshi/na
he is vexed with me, auna jin
havshinaa thej dislike him;
cf. {Vjfushi,
Jiauahi* ^^y^, to seize.
havshi, to bark ; cf . hafshi,
hanitsina* Ufc^^, uproar.
hauya^ L;^^, pi. hauyi iW^^)
hauywna Ljl^^-^, hauyoyi
J • -»
^^^^, hoe=yato»wya.
Aat(;a ^^ or Aat^ ^», to mount,
to ascend; ya hatoa doki or
ya hawa bissa doki the regular
expression for mounting on
horseback, mahayi*^j(jm»^, lad-
der; P 143 ankafa sirati ataahi
ahau the bridge shall be set up,
men shall ascend upon it. ha-
wa 1^^, 1. height, F 145 havm
nasa har sawo nasa habu tvawa
its height and its length are
the same, without doubt; 2.
the firmament, lit. the height.
hawa* tyk, Ar. rt ^jA, eager de-
sire, F 10.
hawainya or hawoinya t g >^ ^,
chameleon ; they are very com-
mon in Hausaland.
* " "
hawartek(Jc)i ^Ajjy^., tongs; cf.
hanaaki,
hawaye Lriy^^, sing, and collec-
tive, tear, tears ; hawayen zaki
ty^j v>-i>^, lit- lion's tears,
marks cut on a woman's face ;
yin hawaye to shed tears.
89
ha/ya l^^, cf. Ar, rt ^^ ; C 10
maihaya the Living One.
haya* road, A 20 for hainyay q.v.
hayaki ^-^l^.^, smoke; jirigin
hayaki and jirigin vmta = ex-
pressions used on the R. Niger
for steamship; yin hayaki to
pour forth smoke, to smoke;
for to smoke used of tobacco,
cf . aha.
hayania i^;^ or hdnia VI*-, noise
as of many men walking about
and talking, contention.
haye ^^j-ts-fc», to fall upon, e.g. ya
haye maau he fell upon them.
hazo ^S^i mist, fog, da liazo misty.
hekiay disease of the eyes ; cf . hakia,
hijra* \/^J^, Ar. S;^^, the Hejira
(A.D. 622) P 255. ^
hikima* W^, Ar. ^iC^, wisdom.
Ma Ut^ or Jila U^, Ar. aH^^,
1. stratagem ; 2. a bribe given
to a judge, D18(?).
hil{l)afa* lilU, Ar. (?) OJUl, lit.
wanting — an expression used
of cowries short in number.
himma W-A, himma j^j^ E 42,
f s
Ar. ^Ua, zeal, diligence; da
himma diligent, ma,ida himma,
to show diligence, D 26 A?w yi
berchi ku /alaka ku m^ida
himma sleep and awake, rise
up and show diligence, i.e. in
worship.
hira*, conversation, etc. ; cf. Jira,
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^tluM^
90
hvrsa, muslin turban ; cf . ha/rsa.
hisoM* %^Li*^, Ar. ^Ui^, judg-
ment, F139 akare kua hiaabi
judgment is completed.
hiska, wind ; cf . iaka.
horo* ^j^^f correction; used in
B 132 for /oro.
hulcU J^, (1) cf. D 77, 96.
hubba^ an exclamation of astonish-
ment; cf. haha.
hvda ^>^^f i.q./uda q.v., 1. to
bore a hole in a tree, etc. ; 2. to
hoe the ground with a/atainya,
to dig in a farm ; B 86 maiko-
kari na noma ko huda he who
gives his time to farming and
tilling.
hvdu^ jk^y four; ct/udu,
^ J * S J
huja Uh^, cf. Ar. ^^^ 1. a£fair,
reason, excuse ; A 54 ya rika
taimama kam babu huja he
performed his ablutions with
sand, though there was no
reason for his doing so, B 10,
140; 2. neglect of work, use-
lessness; 3. mg»^, to have an
excuse; D io ba shi huja ba
ko shi arma he has no reason
or answer to give.
hvji 1 4%.^, to shirk or refuse
work ; cf. prec.
hukv/mchi w»»x^
see hakumchi.
hukumshi ^ ^ L»X^, Sokoto form of
#»
hukumchiy q.v.
t J
hume LK^y to prevent a person s
leaving; na humeahi I pre-
vented his leaving.
Ar. >>^, found
A 1
humuahi ^JL^^^ Ar. c^^^, 1. one
fifth, cf. *Hausa Gramm.' p.
41 ; 2. (cf. Ar. J.^), custom,
tribute, tax, toll; 3. propor-
tion of slaves or goods paid to
a king after a raid.
hu/rnian* O^j-^i
with Ar. article in E 52 al-
hurman wadanan annabawa
(thou seest) the dignity of
these prophets.
huru* j^m», Ar. j^, found in the
expressions huru-l-aini F 103,
and hwrvraini F 228, from
the Ar. ^j^jdS j^^, lit. with
eyes of which the black and
white are intensely distinct,
stag-eyed, the Houris.
hu/ruchi, confession ; cf. /uruchi.
huruji*, letter of alphabet; cf.
harifi,
' • " "*
husanche* ^Ix^^mm, irritated.
huska* lC»fc. =fu8ka face ; B 171
en rara/e ina aza huskata let
me crawl, let me place my
face on the ground.
hutawa* t^U^.^ = /utawa rest,
B62.
hutsu* ^y^'i mad.
% ^, cf. Ar. Ajjt, yes.
% ^Jt^ to conquer, overcome, au i
maau they overcame them ; cf .
ima,
i, a colloquial abbreviation of ^
yi to do'.
iaka, limit; cf. iyaka.
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bls^
91
^
ibdda bW^» Ar. oll^, service of
God, B 47, D 51 ; kuna kokari
kuna ibada take pains, serve
God ; also used of service to men.
ibi ^^, irf^f * variety of the
kola nut brought from Yoruba.
iblis, eblis ^jJu\, A r. the evil spirit.
iblu y^ or ibru j|/^, a small
grain used, when ground up,
for gruel, soup, cakes, etc.
iche ^j\y a tree ; cf . itcbche,
ida j^y ida labari= 1. to delay in
delivering a message; 2. to
carry unwelcome news.
iclan Q^\, Ar. 1^1 (the i in this
word is pronounced > c?), 1.
if ; F 127 idan anzo ga/reshi ya
she (= che) if you go to him,
he will say. In Kano en is
regularly employed in conver-
sation rather than idan, though
idem is equally used in writing,
c£ Gram, p. 52 ; for inter-
change of idan and en cf.
B 47, 48, also C 19-26; 2.
when, P 93 idan sun kare
aoLla kuma su davJca when
they have finished praying,
they take (thee) ; cf. E 39-44,
46-48, 50.
idi jkffi, Ar. j^^ft, 1. religious feast;
2. procession outside a town
towards Mecca, once a year,
ending with the killing of a goat.
and tdandanu ^jujift, j^ju^t.
1. eye; B 32, 33, F 80, 199;
idonmagi = squint, idon kishirai
blind; employed, like the Ar.
^>^, in various figurative and
tropical uses, e.g. 2. sight, view ;
idon dunia lpj> O^^^ ^ ^^®
sight of men; 3. chief; B 76
dvha ga bello idon rualki nai
behold Bello, the ruler over his
kingdom; 4. joint; idon sau
(pi. ijian sau) ankle, idon
kaffa id., idon harm wrist-bone,
knuckle; 5. idon rua spring of
water; 6. idon zau/ra, (a) a
variegated cloth of native ma-
nufacture, (6) a white stone,
pearl (1).
idrisu tr^j>^ Ar. id., Idris, F 39,
mentioned Koran xix. 57, ge-
nerally identified with Enoch.
id{d)ubar j^J^J^, reddish brown
ass.
igia or igiya 1^-*^^, pi. igoyi
L5?>**f' ig^yoyi L5^>6*±f, i.
rope, cable, string ; 2. fig. igian
rua current of a stream.
ihu* ^ftto^t, ho! a cry or shout to
attract attention.
ijia ljH)>^t, 1. pupil ; ^'^an ido
pupil of the eye, ijian sau pi.
ankles, cf. idon sau; 2. one
cowry, for the plural kwrdi,
q.v., is employed; cf. tvuri.
iko ^^, pi. ikoki ^^^^, power,
authority, right, used fre-
quently in the expression ikon
cUlah the power of God, visita-
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L5"
C5^
tion of God; F 110 ba ka ikon
jirkUatva thou wilt have no
power to turn, maiiko powerful,
E 12 inaiiko da kouxi almightj.
ikt* jJf, until, D 92.
ima j^y l^, to conquer, drive
away, i.q, i, q.v.; cf. seq.
imai ^y^, yin imai to be able;
en na imai -en na iya,
imani* ipM, Ar. ^>4l, 1. com-
passionate = ^utum maiyin
tavsaye ; 2. pure in heart.
ina Uf, = ahn there is or there
are ; the expression ina da ahi
(= akoishi) is extremely com-
mon in conversation.
ina, to stammer; cf. inina,
ina Uf, pron. 1st pers. sing. com.
gender; ina (also kana shina,
etc.) is used with secondary,
nominal or participial forms
of verbs, to express the pre-
sent tense, thus, aor. = na taffi
I went, but ina taffia I am
going; nafitto, but inajittowa,
etc. Where these nominal or
participial forms are not in
use ina is used with the pri-
mary form of the verb, e.g. ina
80 I wish.
in{n)a* Up, mother (a borrowed
Fulah word),
inda* jUft, Ar. prep., F132 in the
presence of.
inga/ramu* y^^t^, war horses ;
cf . anga/rmia a large mare.
ingata* OUUp, ^UUp, 1. as v. to
trust in, rely on; 2. adj. re-
liable, trustworthy. ingata>chi*
^^UuJLft, adj. 1. sound, per-
feet, solid, reliable ; G 7 wancm
labari ingatachi this account
is reliable; 2. large.
vngirichi i^^kJj^ or ingirochi
w>^JLJLg, hay, dried grass
* * ^
chopped up for feeding horses.
inina ^>e^ or tTMz Up, to stammer,
stutter ; ininan hahhi impedi-
ment or hesitation in speech.
inji* ^^%jt, expr. = it is said to be.
iri ^, ^y pi. irare ^j |^, seed
of plants, of men and creatures,
offspring, kind, stock, tribe;
minene irin itache what sort of
tree?
iaa ^*«t>^, Ar. ^^-»eP, Jesus, F127,
128. This is the Mohammedan
form of the name, v. Koran
iii. 40, while yasuu and ya-
shun are those which were
employed by the Christian
Arabs at the time of and
prior to Mohammed.
i8(B)a ^j»Ay U»p, 1. to reach, arrive
at; 2. to be equal to, to be
sufficient; da ya issa = enough,
ba 8U chi ya issa they did not
eat enough; cf. isso, ishe, iske,
isga or esga UJLp, a cow's or horse's
tail used as a switch for driving
away flies.
ishe iJ^, iji^l, 1. to reach, meet,
overtake; A 44, F 76 rmitua
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^itlmJLS'
93
u-e^
ta ishenta death is coming
upon thee; 2. to suffice, be
sufficient for; F 42 ta iahemu
it is sufficient for us. ishe-
she jJLJLfi, |<-JUwf, fem. ishd-
shia l^li^, l^Ut, pi. isham
> M»U>f-, ^-rfU»l, 1. strong, power-
ful; 2. sufficient.
wAiriw OjJL^ or asherin Oj^>
<» ^ X XX
-^^' L>0**^> card, numeral,
twenty; cf. goma,
iJ^A-^ UumP, bwt or hiska lv..»fc.,
pi. wA»A:i ^^tlft, ^>^t,
or hiskoki ^^£»^C»ufc, wind;
F 154 ; «^a7^ At«A;a (lit. to drink
the wind) is used with to/^,
etc. to go for a walk.
i«^e ^y^**ft, ^y^t, to meet ; D 40,
F 73 A;a iske mursalina thou
wouldst meet the messengers.
i8(8)o ym^f y»t\, 1. to arrive at,
2. come towards ; cf . w(«)a.
ita Cf\, kZ^f U|, pers. pron. 3rd
pers. fem. sing, nominative,
she, it ; objective, her, it, A 10,
11, 13, 14, 18, 36, B 120.
itaclie iJUf or iche ^1, pi. itatua
ty^Ut, when masc. =ti'ee, when
fem. = a stick cut from a tree,
though this distinction is not
always observed ; itachen vmta
firewood, dan itache a little
piece of wood, F 94.
itache ^^Ul, Sokoto form of
itache, tree, F 94.
iwa t^t, \^y a shrub, from twigs
of which is made the a^saberi,
the mat used to cover a door-
way.
itvo, to make; cf. yitvo,
iya bt, mother, the plural iyaye^
q.v., is used in the sense of
'parents'; cf. the like use of
uivaye, and Ar. o!>^'-
^y^ \j,^> ^^1, to be able, to be
equal to, can; ba ya iya shi
gani ba or ba ski iya gani ba
he could not see. After the
pronominal forms ending in
na it is preferable to write
l^; a passive form aia is
occasionally used, cf. iyawa,
iyaka l^l^;!, 1. limit, boundary,
end, of a country, a room, etc. ;
2. as the concluding word of a
letter = finis.
iyali iJL-j-ft, Ar. JLj^, family,
members of a family.
iyata UUt or yata UL;, elder
sister ; cf . ya.
iyatua Ijl^ft, I^Qf, ability, power,
commonly found in comp. maii-
yawa I^C4^, G^ie^> almighty,
A 59, F 2," 22, 210; cf . t>.
W^y^ V^^l' P^* ^^ ^y^ mother, q.v. ;
parents, A 47, F77, 150, 252.
iyea* ^/-^, ij^\ or tyesda* jum^,
^ ft "x
jum;), forms related to iya, to
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94
succeed in a thing, to accom-
plish something.
iyo yfj^, ^1, to swim ; yin iyo id.
iyo* >j|, verily.
iza j^, jf, 1. to push, drive away;
2. to fall izawa tjtj^, Ijjjf ,
driving away.
izanj if, when; see iclan.
izanwa* !^M, thirsty (?); D 92
kowa ya izanwa ahi do aniya
shi yarn he who is very thirsty
takes pains to dig a well.
izgili J«^j| (cf. Ar, Jyij, nim-
ble), a game played by boys,
pulling at each other's arms,
etc. to find something hidden
in the hand of one of them.
izufi* iA}\, Ar. vJ***) ^^® ^^ *"®
9 ^ t
sixty equal paragraphs {^\jmb\)
into which the Koran is di-
vided. For similar phonetic
9 0^
change cf. Ar. ^i,^^ Hausa
zunufi ^Jl33 crime.
The letter m, is used by the
Hausas to represent the sound
of the English j. In several
words it is interchanged with
that of sh^ z, y or a, e.g.
jarili = ya/rili, ja/rimi = zarumi^
jwai = shuni, jura/re = acmra/ra,
ja l^, to draw, drag, pull; D 1 3 aja-
ahi he shall be dragged, ja rua
to draw water, jan jiki crawl-
ing F155; ka ja da baya g^t
thee behind ! ya ja bakinaa he
kept silence, ja ckikki D 9 =
secret thieving, lit. to drag the
belly, an expression suggested
by the crawling of a snake,
applied to the secret approach
of a thief ; cf . jaioo^ jajaya,
ja U, pi. jaja^ u^VW-j cf. Ar.
rt 0^» ^^y ^^^ ^®^ ^ j^
vmr, the adv. wur being only
used with the word ja; jam, kor
rifi brass, copper, jaja kafldoffi
a little red, reddish, jan miji*
or jan namiji* = with reckless
courage.
jaha* l^ 1. rat, stinking-rat;
2. black ass; 3. ja>ba duchi the
wild dove.
J s ^ 9 s ^
jabba/ru* jl^^, Ar. jitik>, mighty,
V. B 118; applied to God, F 50,
B3.
jadaga 4j^, to draw up in line
of battle; cf. daga,
jagaba L^, guide to show the
way; he goes in front of a
caravan, whilst the maduguy
q.v., goes behind; cf. ahv^aba
id.
jagora I^ai^, stick, e.g. one used
by blind men to find the way.
jahddi ^ly^, Ar. ^ly^i., war^ espe-
cially a holy war; E 7 idmi
mun zo jahadi mu ahi (i.e.
chi) aana when we come to the
war and conquer the heathen.
jahalichi %tJUt^, Ar. Jiyi^, ig-
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95
V>^
norance, da jahalichi in igno-
rance, ignorantly ; cf . jahili.
jahannama j^*^^^ Ar. ^^^ , hell,
D 71, 73, F 156; ct jahima.
jahili ^^^., JaU., Ar. JjbU.,
ignorant, i.e. with respect to re-
ligion, B 1 2, C 3 ; cf . jahalichi,
jahima* Ua ,.fcj>i,, ^^*h^> Ar.
^i.fc i^ , burning hell, D 23,
the highest and best division
in hell, cf. F 164 note; cf.
jahannama,
jamye* igg^i to twist, e.g. a
piece of cloth.
jaiya* i^, quarrel, fight,* yin
jaiya to quarrel, to fight.
jajaya j^%^, to drag ; c£ ja.
jaje i^^, staining red, used of
cloth, thread, etc.
jajebbera* t^>^jfc., preparation, ro-
wan jajebbera the day before
any feast.
yo/i ^<%^, title of the chief leader
of a caravan.
T'* U>ai»«*, warrior.
jajtmur
jaka ^U^, to draw after one, to
pull. *
jaka/ra tjXiL, the name of a large
pool at the side of the Kano
market.
jaki Jl^, ^\.jakai ^^[^,jakuna
U£>1^, fern, jakainya l^u^l^,
donkey, ass, A 6.
jaki ^V^9 in phr. jaki hisaa tudu
plaiting of hair in two lines.
one in the middle of the head
and one behind.
jalala* JUi^, Ar. JU^, great,
mighty, used of God, F 135;
cf . jalla.
jalUi ^^JLj^JLib., a small water duck,
with slight red tint on neck,
black velvety head and brown
variegated body.
jalla^ J^, Ar. J^, great, glorious,
used of God ; C 49, D 45, F 2,
135; cf. jalala.
jamMb^a*
i.q.
^U^, Ar. ^U^,
seq. F5; E4.
J 6 ^ 9 • o>
jam^u* ^^, Ar. ^^9 band, com-
pany, companions, F 3.
jamaha v<^, W^9 Ar. >^*i^t pol-
luted; oLjaraha,
. • " "
jam^i ^^, gullet, windpipe.
janyaro ^j\^J^, 1. = prec. ; 2. a
large tree, with reddish bark,
its wood used in supporting
sheds, etc.
jandr(r)i ^jj^t an evil spirit,
said to be the patron of the
masubori, to make men mad,
and to eat dung.
jara t^, cf. (?) Ar. ^t^\, discount,
etc, ; i.q. ladda, q.v.
^ f f *• *
jaraha l^ji^, Ar. ^^^^i^, filthiness,
uncleanness; aLjanaba,
ja/raha v>»'> Vj-^ or ja/rabe j^j^,
^ fi *»
Ar. ^^a^i to make trial of,
A 65 dUah ya kan gamma
arzikinka da ja/rofba God may
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*t>J^
96
L5*W
give thee prosperity to try
thee; 2. to make trial, as of
a horse before buying; 3. to
tempt to evil, cf. seq.
jarabi yjjj., j^>*., trial, yin
jardbi to make trial of = prec.
jwre* ^l^, a cricket (1).
jcM^liy aeejariri,
^arimi* L««<^^> servant of a king,
warrior ; i.q. zwrum% q.v.
ja/rvri {^j^j^ or jcmli ^J^j^
or ya/rUi iJ^Jj^, baby up to
one year old; C 28 duba ga
jariri fa rcma da {a)kahaifa8a
behold the infant on the day
of its birth ; cf . jinjiri,
jaJtami* ^j^> ©iid of day (?).
jautoi* ^ya^i spices.
jawdbi* vl^'^) ■^^' v!>^> speech,
answer ; D 47 kadda mu kasa
fadijawabi that we fail not to
utter a reply.
jaioagi ^\y^f !• to walk back-
wards and forwards; 2. to
fly like a bird.
jatvayi ^^|>i>. or jiwoyi ^^^^
to visit, to go to salute.
dx *• 1.11
jaiod J!^*-, a nut, which when
ground and burnt produces
a scent.
jaM)0 ^j^>» to draw out, to bring
together, to draw towards one-
self, e.g. straying sheep; a form
of ja, q.v.
jayaki ^^/^, the fishing vulture,
Ar. v^
je ^j^, Ar. ^l^, to go, to depart ;
mu je da ni or mu je tare
(B 166) let us go together.
jMa* l(ik., Ar. 3^, a red tobe.
xO «'»
jebda* jl^*., ^e/cfe «^^f^> » ^o"^ ^^
jefa to throw, or it may perhaps
be formed from j%b{be) to place
down. •
jefa Wytu^, to throw, to cast; jefa
da diuUsu to pelt with stones.
Derived forms are jefas i^^Aoh.
to throw out, jefasda jumA*^,
to throw out, overthrow, jefo*
yy^i to place, F 140 a/e/b
Aar taka/rdun aiku namu we
shall be placed according to
the list of our deeds; jefsa*
,^H!^ and jefshe* ts^^^y to
cast out.
jegawa, sandy hill ; cf . jigowa,
jego 3JUi^, accouchement, giving
birth; tana yin jego = ta haifu,
" • •* ^
jehv/irma U/a^jfc*, falcon.
je/e ijL -i|, thinly wooded or un-
inhabited country ; cf . daji,
^ xi
jekada \jSL^, 1. a messenger, sent
by anyone ; cf . manzo a king's
messenger ; 2. a tax-collector.
jei{l)ala* "H^. Ar. J^JL^, the
cloth placed on a saddle.
jema U*^, a kind of scented grass,
growing to height of four feet.
jema^a*, all, i.q. jama% q.v.
jemagi ^i^y a large sized bat.
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•3«e^
jemi j^^^-Nfc., 1. to rub the hair oflF
a skin; 2. to tan; majemi or
maijima a leather dresser ; cf .
jima.
jenfi* ^j^ (cf. (?) Ar. sJu^),
back ; hadu jenfi to put to flight.
jeni ^y^ (cf. Ar. rt ^^^ viii),
together, ku taffi jeni keep
together !
jenti* . JU^, a slight illness.
•" ' ' . • '
jera ]j^^^^fm, jere \^j*tf> or jire*
I • • •
{Jjt^y line, procession, rank ;
ajere in a line, or abreast.
jere* (Jj^ok., a wick (?).
^cW* j.*^ (cf. Ar. j\^ v), head-
ache, sunstroke, giddiness.
jetaka* \X 2.% fc, a measure of
distance, as far as can be seen
with the eye.
jet(t)o, to agree with, i.q.jit{t)Of q. v.
ji ^-^, 1. to hear, perceive, feel,
e.g. jin tsoro to feel fear, to
fear; jin wuta to become
warm, or to warm oneself;
2. to understand, na ji ruaga-
nanka I understand thy speech,
ban ji ha I don't understand ;
3. to obey ; cf . jiyaya,
jia l^, i.q. prec.; C 36; D 5
majia listener.
jia l^, yesterday ; sheka/ranjia
the day before yesterday ; war
tan jia last month, jia da dere
last night.
jihda ljL«fc,(cf. (1)Ar. dj^j, butter).
ointment, scent, ag. twran'e ;
jibdan kass a kind of creeper.
jib(b)e ^*ih., 1. to put cotton, gar-
ments, etc. out to dry after
washing; 2. to place a load
down on the ground.
jibga I k^ or jibki* ^l.^ ^, 1.
thatched roof; 2. to store up
goods ; cf . seq.
jibgi ^J^4^, a large quantity of
anything, esp. of food.
jib(b)i tjtt^y 1. sweat, perspira-
tion, D 68 ; 2. to sweat, per-
spire.
jibi ^^t^y 1. a food made of flour
and mia mixed ; 2. used as
a general word for food.
jibi ^^1^% , the day after to-morrow ;
toata/n jibi the month after
next ; cf. gata^ chitta,
i*^i* L5*?^» dung-hill ; cf. jujai.
jibki*, a thatched roof ; cf . jibga,
jiche iJV ^^ jichi ^JS^., to turn
upside down ; cf . jirikiche,
Jidda* tjLi^ (Ar. id., earnestly),
really, B 33 note.
ji/jif sft ^. a ^, B 56 twilight, i.q.
jijifi, q.v.
jigerihti i^^jAi^, to canter, used
of a horse.
jigo ^kf^, pi. jiguna U k f ^,, 1. a
tree on which meat is hung
up to dry; 2. a post for sup-
porting roof; 3. a beam for
drawing water from a well.
jigowa \^k*^ or jegawa t^i^, 1.
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O^^
sand, hill covered with sand ;
2. a field with good soil (sandy)
for cultivation.
jiji im^t^y plant, sweet scent made
from its root.
jijia l«*»^, pi. jiwoji i^^y^,
vein, nerve ; F 175, 19 dunia
tso/ua sai jiwoji the world is
old and has nothing but veins
(left).
jijifi i5*%<^> twilight just before
the dawn; see Gr. p. 64; cf.
jijiga ii%^, i«j»i^, to shake vio-
lently, to feel a load in order
to test its weight ; cf . jinjini.
jika i£i^, fem. jikata UiVi^, pi.
jikoki ^^9^Si^ grand-child.
jika* ou^, to have pity on (?) ;
cf . B 6 note.
jik(k)ay to moisten ; cf . jik(k)i.
jiki ySXit^, i^S^j pl- jikuna U£».,
body ; maijiki a fat person,
= maitumbi.
jik{k)i ^^5^*., to become wet;
particip. form j%k{k)ewa, pass.
ajik{k)a; F 78 akawo maga/ni
ajik{k)a medicine is brought
and is put in water.
jikka Ui^ or zikka* lij, ipl.jikkuna
lUi^, jikoki i^3^i Ar. sJj,
large bag, esp. one made of
skin, used for cowries not for
holding water.
jima U^, to wait a little while;
pass, in phr. sai anjima = after
a little while, or good-bye for
the present, jima kaddan or
jimkaddan, wait a little, or a
little while ; cf . jinjima.
jima t^,^^, to tan; maijima or
majemi a tanner ; cf. jemi, id.
jim>a Cd^, i^^t^y ^ *^"^» injure,
•of a malady to cause pain.
jimero ^j^^, a species of dark
coloured rice.
jim{m)ina U«j^, ostrich.
jimkaddan^ a little while; cf.
jima.
jimke ^^^i^jfc., to grasp with the
hand, to take a handful.
jimolo ^iy^i^f wild cat.
jimrau ^j^^, ass with reddish
body.
jimri j-^^ 1. to be patient, to
bear, to endure, B 36 ku jimri
jehadi endure strife; 2. da
jimri used adverbially, ina
yin aiki da jimri = ina da
hankuri,
jtnga UU*., wages or taxes, yin
jinga to pay wages, etc. ; mai-
jinga a man who pays wages,
sometimes applied to the man
who receives wages.
jingina UaJ>^ or jinjina tifcii^i,
1. a pledge or security for
money owing; 2. to leave
anything as a pledge.
jtngtna ^>»Ai^ or jingine i^M^,
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<^j^
to recline, to lean against
something.
jini im^a^i blood ; F 200 akaisu
8u aha deffi, da Jim they shall
be brought (and made) to
drink poison and blood.
jini ^*ij*., found in comp. jinin
kafiri red beads worn by
heathen women round the
neck.
jinia Uj^^, a reed, or two or
three tied together, forming
circular band outside under-
neath roof.
jinjima Ipfc I m, apparently a
strengthened form of jimaf
q.v., to wait a short time;
partic. form F 62 A^ san dunia
kaddan muka jinjimawa thon
knowest that in the world we
stay but a short time.
X #- *
jinjiinaka i£»l q ^ ;^ , a bird, with
black and white plumage,
rather larger than a hankaka,
jinjirni a': *c , pelican, stork (?).
X '
jinjina Ua^.^*., acclamation, shout
in war.
jinjina, to leave anything as a
pledge ; cf . jingina.
jinjini ^im^.'^m, 1. to feel a thing
in order to ascertain its weight;
2. to shake the hand as a sign
of greeting ; cf . jijiga.
jinjiri ^j m, I i^, child, infant,
B 116 ; esp. applied to a child
between the ages of one month
and one year ; cf . jariri.
jinkai* ^^jd^>, pride, haughtiness;
maijinkai one who is haughty.
jinkai ^^Cj;*. or shinkai iJ^,
1. mercy, grace ; CIO ya yenki
kamnatai ga jinkai maihaya
he despises the mercy of the
Living One; 2. used of good
or bad action, jinkai alheri or
jinkai mugv/rUa.
jinkiri ^jij^, to wait; B 166
ku yi mani jinkiri (a)muje tare
wait a little while for me, let
us go together.
jinkiri* ^^^JC;*., destiny, fate,
death, --= Ar. Aaf,l
jmnu 3 ; fci, Ar. v>-^> demons,
genii, evil spirits; D 59 da
nujUaiku da aljinnu su ta/re
and the angels and genii shall
be gathered together.
jinya* l«^) sickness.
.. * '
jirja^, naked, e.g. ya sa riga tasa,
don jir shi ke he put on his
garments, because he was
naked; cf. (?) tsirara,
jira |j4^, to wait for one ; F 237
ana fa jiran fitowa na»a atashi
after waiting for his coming
out, they rise up ; cf . seq.
jir ache i^j^% a form of prec.,
1. to wait for one; 2. to bear
with one.
jirai ^^If^^t gum ; cf . danko,
jire*, rank ; cf . jere.
ji/r/ata* vius^*., to hold fast, A 17.
7—2
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jirigi tjt^ or jirgi ij^, phjirage
I #- " ....
ij^}j^, 1. canoe, boat; jingin
wuta or jirigin hayald used
for steamboat, maijirgi boat-
man ; 2. trough, water-trough
for cows, etc.; 3. manger.
I
jirkiche itif^jm , to upset, turn
upside down, overthrow ; cf. seq.
jirkita C^^ifc., 1. to overthrow,
upset, used with fuska = to
frown, to show signs of dis-
pleasure ; 2. change ; B 82 ku
lura da zanVanu da jirkitansa
consider the times and their
changes; 3. for participial
form jirkitawa Ijl.X^ifc cf.
F 108 ka zamfina nan tutur ha
jirkitawa thou wilt remain
there for ever without turn-
ing over.
jit{t)o or jetto ^2^, to agree with,
e.g. with an enemy.
jiwaya, to gaze at; cf. giwaya
or (?) jawayi,
jiwoji, veins; cf.jijia,
jiwoyif to visit ; cf . jawayi.
jiyaya V^^i^, understanding ; cf . ji.
jujai ^j^^i^, 1. dunghill, cf. jibjt ;
2. a woman of bad character,
cf. B 134 note.
juje
a small drum.
juna VJ^*i, recipr. pronoun, com-
monly prefixed to the plurals
of the pers. pronouns, thus
junansu one another ; juna and
da juna are also used abso-
lutely, E 37 muna murna da
juna we will rejoice one with
another.
juTui 0^1^, a friend.
juni* t^yt^i blue colour, indigo,
= shuni,
jurare* io|>i^) to listen = saurara.
jvjre*y to kick ; cf . shure,
jnya C*., a cow about to give
birth to a calf.
juya ^^a^i to turn over, to turn
back ; juya da magana or
juya magana to interpret,
juya da to overturn, juya ma
to turn away from ; juyawa
tjVj^i^, turning, returning.
w5 k and ^ k are used by the
Hausas to represent the sound
of the English k. There is no
distinction of sound between
the two and they are frequent-
ly interchanged. As a general
rule words in which w5 k
occurs are connected with
Arabic roots, the k sound of
the original Hausa being re-
presented by ^. For words
borrowed from Arabic and be-
ginning with ^ kh see under
h. Words beginning with the
sound kw are variously repre-
sented by the Hausas l&, ^£»,
^, thus they write ^^L£»
kwahCf l3^& kwana^ and ^jA
kwadai. The first method, i.e.
l^, is used in comparatively
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few words, though the other
two afford no satisfactory clue
to the pronunciation of the
word. The sound k is some-
times interchanged with that
of s, /, and g, e.g. kunche,
sunche-, kufu^ fufw, kurj%
g^lrje.
ka j), second personal pron. masc.
sing., 1. as subject it is pre-
fixed to the verb in the aor.,
and pres. tenses, e.g. ka fitto,
kanfitto^ kanafittovxi'y suffixed
to the auxiliary verb za which
denotes the future tense, also
to the passive, e.g. zaka fitto
you will come out, afittasdaka
you are brought forth; 2. as
object it follows verbs and
preps., e.g. su kamaka they
seized you, niaka or gareka to
you ; 3. A;a ^ or -nka %2U, is used
as an inseparable possessive
pronoun, and is suffixed to
masc. or fem. words provided
that the possessor is masculine,
e.g. uhanka thy father, uvoanka
thy mother, see Gr. p. 17 ; cf.
use of hi when the possessor
is feminina
ka* ^, a form of the subst. verb
ke ^J9 ; cf. 36 kowa ka yi
naaa whoever practises it, C39.
ka \^y a concessive particle; B 28
kowaclie ka ka zaba which thou
may est choose = kan, q.v.
kab{h)a l^, pi. kab{h)ohi ^>^,
1. a large species of palm with
edible fruit; 2. its leaves and
fibre from which baskets, ropes,
hats, etc. are made.
kabak{k)i ^,C^i», pi. kaboka
l^^.*£», 1. a large quantity of
food in a calabash, abundance,
B 30; 2. a case or package
used as a table ; cf . kabeke.
kahari* j^, Av.j^y grave; B 169,
F 101 kana kabarinka kai dai
thou art in thy grave alone.
kabbar* j^, Ar. j!^, A 72 to
say 'allah akbar,' i.e. *God is
great.'
kabeke* ^JL^, one possessed of
food ; cf . kahak{k)i,
kabewa \y>^ (cucurbita pepo),
a kind of pumpkin or gourd,
which grows in gardens and
on houses ; it is a larger kind
than kubewa, q.v.; cf. goji.
kabila* SW* Ar. Jl^, kindred,
all the people belonging to one
house.
kabri, thick ; cf . kauri.
kachaXiPja ^^^, chief slave of a
king.
kache j*J£», to scratch up with
the nails.
kachia t«^, circumcision ; yin or
yenke kachia to circumcise.
kachokacho ^&^^, a pod like a
pea with small seeds inside,
used as a plaything for child-
ren to shake.
kad{d)a j^^ kad(d)a* j3, conjunc-
tion, 1. that not, lest; B 97
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102
it^j^
allah vhangijinmu ni he roko
kadda shi kcmnu wanan kwor
naki I pray our Lord God
t^t He bring us not to those
days ; J)b^ ku do ania kadda
yan uwanku su berku havnya
take 6are lest your relations
leave you outside (heaven),
B161; 2. preceded by domin
= in order that not; 3. in
imperative sentences it denotes
prohibition, B 41 kadda ka
Iwra da aiki nai look not
closely at bis work; B 141
kadda ka hita follow it not.
kada j^, in the phrase kada kai
to beckon with the head, as-
sent, say yes ; cf . ged(d)a kai,
also kauda kai to dissent.
kdda >U or jJ, Ar. ^yA» [the
Ar. ^ is here pronounced d,
but in alkali ^<0Ai)\, judge, it
is pronounced as t], to judge,
condemn, chastise; '2. kdda
magana to contemn. Possibly
kayea to be condemned, and
kasalie to condemn and to kill,
are formed from this root.
kada t^L£» or kado j>i-^, pL
kadodi ^^^^t^, crocodile ;
kadan-dunia* a centipede, ka-
damj-gari lizard.
kada* t^l£», cotton, not used of
the cotton from the rimi tree ;
cf. kadi to spin.
kaddbkara tjX^j^, ^^/X^J^^, a
large bla^ck bird, its flesh
eaten.
» ^ < «»
kad(d)adai ^^j^, i.e. kadda dai,
1. although, A 17; 2. not, used
as a prohibitive; A 23, 29
kaddadai ajita let her not be
heard.
kad(d)ai ^J^, only, alone, ni
kaddai I only, I alone, ka
kaddaiy ahi kaddai, etc. ; aanu
kaddai salutation used to one
only.
* " '
kad(d)aichi* w«njjA, state of being
one or alone, found in the phr.
shi kaddaichi he by himself;
cf. maJcad{d)aichi unique.
kad(d)aita \2jjA, desolation ; yin
kaddaita 1. to lay waste, 2. to
isolate.
kadakara*, a bat ; see tatapara,
kadami ^^^^L^, found in the
expression kadamin ahduga
spindle with cotton on it used
in spinning.
kad{d)an oJ^, 1. if, F 14, 18;
2. when, A 64 ; cf. kan.
kad{d)am, ^Jj^, little, few; kad-
dankaddan very little, very
few.
kadoAigari jju>l^ (lit. crocodile
of the town), lizard.
kadanya t<Jj^, \^\j^ (bassia
Parkii), shea-butter tree; the
oil obtained from its seeds
{main kedanya) is of the con-
sistency of butter; it is largely
used as an article of food and
is exported to England for use
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103
9^
in the manufacture of soap,
candles, etc.; cf. kobde,
^ 6 ^ X
kadaura \j^jj^y large tree with
soft edible fruit.
kade ^J^, the fruit of the ka-
danya, q.v.
kdde ^^l^, to cut down, e.g. a
tree.
kuderi* ^j^l^i Ar. j^U, powerful,
mighty, A 59.
J 6 X <
kaderko* ^^j ji^, bridge.
kaderta Oj^l^, Ar. ^J^, to ap-
point, to order (used of God),
to warn.
kadi ^>l£», to spin, yin kadi, id. ;
cf. kada cotton.
kaf{f)a s^> 1- ^ build, esp.
to put wooden beams on a
house; 2. to nail, fasten with
nails; 3. to set up, to place,
pitch, kaffa leina to pitch a
tent; A 13 mu ga ankafa
ragaya we see ropes set up
(for weaving); F 143 /a artr
kafa kv>a 8ira4i the bridge shall
be set up ; 4. ya kafa goshinaa
he prostrated himself; cf. kaf-
a/e, ka/{/)i.
kafa U^, 1. dawa ground up;
2. to dig round growing dawa\
cf. makafchi* a tiller of the
ground.
kafada bU£>, pi. kafadu j>U£»
and kafadodi ^^^yJ^* shoul-
der.
kafafe ^^La.^, fem. kafafia
t«^U£» and kafafa I? US, pi.
kafafu >?U^, particip. form
from kaf{f)a finished, estab-
lished, founded.
kafan* ^>^, Ar. id., D 88 a
shroud ; cf. kufanwa^ likafani,
kafarji ^jt^, a small tortoise.
kaf{f)e ^J^ (cf. Ar. rt U£>, to
recede), to subside, sink and
so, of a well, to dry up, rijia
ta kaf{f)e,
kaferchi ^^l^, evil disposition,
lit. that which belongs to kafirs
(infidels) ; cf. kafiri.
kaffa U^, pi. kafafu ^U^ or
W^fo (^^ (<5^- Ar. ^^y
palm of hand, sole of foot),
foot, leg ; akaffa on foot, F 95
kafafe duk aduntse ma kusliewa
by the feet of all is (thy) grave
pressed down.
kaf{f)i s^, ^j^, gate, stock-
ade, barrier.
kafm* itf^} to slip, e.g. as in soft
mud, B 142 ka kafia damai
maiafkawa thou slippest con-
fusedly and art about to fall ;
cf . (?) kafo.
kafiri j^j^lS, pi. kaflrai ^^l&,
kafirduxi S^Sy^K^y Ar. Jil£>,
unbeliever, infidel, heathen ;
A 5, 9, 34, D 24, F 56.
A»/b ^a£>, A:q/b* ^jji, pi. kafoni
^yf&, kafuna Uas*, 1. horn,
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da hkfo horned; 2. horn, trum-
pet; A 78 rana da maibuaa ya
buaa ka/o on the day when the
sounder of the trumpet shall
sound, F 112; maikafo trum-
peter.
kafo ^i^i mire, a swamp with
much soft mud.
kafo ^l^, pi. kafi ^^, blind,
blind man; cf. makafo, id.,
makapchi, makamta, and 7nar
kamchi, blindness.
ka/{/)on ma/riri* ^Jjjij^ 0^> *
large species of wild ass.
ka/riy ^jmS^, see kafiri,
kafrichi ^j^, heathenism, pa-
ganism; cf. kqfiri,
ka/ur yt^y Ar. j^l^, camphor.
It is greatly valued and passes
as a sort of cuirency in some
parts of Hausaland.
kagara \jm£9 or kegariui \^ j ju ^ ,
J < <
pi. kagaru jj/*^, fortification,
barricade made of trees, en-
trenchment; cf. gagara hado,
kage* i*^l^, leg bent by disease.
kag{0)o* ^^y wall of a house.
kagua tj^l^, pi. ka/gvmm ^j^l^,
edible crab, lives in the water.
kai ^^) pron. 2nd pers. sing,
emphatic, thou, thou thyself;
used with ka to form emphatic
aor. 2nd pers. kai ka nema
thou didst seek; also with da,
tare da kai with thee thyself.
Frequently used as an excla-
mation to call anyone or attract
his attention ; kai yaro ho boy !
kai \^^y kai* ^, pi. kanua \y\^y
kawana* O^U, kavocma Ojl^
and kawuiia Ujl^, 1. head of
animated beings; A 80, D64,
F 114 tana kona fa kanua na
fashewa it will burn their
heads and split them, chiwon-
kai headache; 2. fig. top or
summit of anything ; kain tvdu
the summit of the hill, kan-
daki an upper storey in a
house; 3. sum, substance or
chief point of a statement,
chapter of a book, kai in
conjunction with the personal
pron. is used as a periphrasis
for the reflexive and emphatic
pron. (a) with das^ni dakaina
I myself, shi dakanaa he him-
self, etc., ita dakanta or ita
takanta she herself; (6) without
c^ as m kaina I myself, C 4,
kai nasa himself, C 5. The
final i is dropped except in the
first person, e.g. kanka, kansa,
kansu'y cf. akan above, a con-
traction of a kai na on the
head of.
kai i^i 1. to carry, to carry a load ;
2. to take, take away, conduct,
guide, attain to; A 10 ko^oa
ya nomi ha^tsi (yd) kai babban
gari everyone who sows corn
(i.e. good deeds), attains to
the great city (i.e. heaven) (or
will receive a great city); 3. to
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105
U?^
this verb is probably to be
referred the kai in the phrase
ba ahi kai hakkanan ha it is
too much, or it is not so; cf.
kawa to take away, kaya a
load, kaiwa a present.
kaia, 1. burden; 2. gift; 3. thorn;
cf. koAfa.
kaicho, alas ! i.q. kaito, q.v.
^ ^ 6 ^
kaifafa* i^aa^^, to hasten.
kaifi s4^, ^JL^, cf. Ar. 1^,
edge, e.g. of a knife, of the
bridge alsirat, F 144; da kaifi
edged, sharp.
kaikai ^\A, itching pain; the
itch, crowcrow a disease very
common on the W. coast of
Africa.
kaikai ^J^A, the chaff obtained
when any grain is beaten out.
kaika^a tjU^^, lit. bringing of
accusation, 1. accusation; 2. to
accuse; cf. kdra.
kaikaya J e C ^ ^, a leguminous
shrub.
kaimi j^t^, |c^j^, pi. kayami
^«ol^, spur, also used of the
spurs of a cock.
kainijia ifli»ft*e^ (compound of
kai and ijia)^ eyelashes.
kainua \y^y a kind of edible
herb like lettuce in appearance;
it grows in water.
kainya \^gA or kaitoa \^f^, name
of a large tree with many
branches, bearing a sweet
edible fruit; cf. mad(d)i.
kaitaro, see seq.
kaito y^^, w>%i>£», kaicho y L^^ or
kaitaro ^^i^^ alas! F 30;
found in construction with
suff. pron. 013 kaitunka watva
alas for thee, O fool.
kaiwa Sy^gS^f a tree, i.q. kainya^
q.v.
kaiwa t^^^, a present, especially
one given to a king; cf. A»i.
A;aA:a tx^, how ; A 21 sun fada
kaka su ke aiki ixiada mallamai
they declare how men may act
like Mallams; also used inter-
rogatively; kokaka however.
kak{k)a t£^, the harvest seaaon,
which lasts about one month
and comes at the end of the
wet season (damana) before
the rain has quite ceased. In
the greater part of Hausaland
kaka would approximately cor-
respond to November.
kdka l^l^, pi. kakani ^^A^li>, 1.
grandfather; 2. ancestor, B75;
D 58 akantarshimu duka/mu hal
kakanmu adamu we shall all be
gathered together even to our
ancestor Adam ; cf. kakata,
kakahe*, to shake off; cf . kcUkada,
kakdhi* ^U^, to marvel as at
a thing never before seen.
kakaki ^^^l£^, trumpet, musical
instrument played before a
king ; cf . (1) kaki.
kakari ^£^£^, 1. vanity, vain, un-
true; 2. swelling on hand or
foot.
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106
C^JLH^
kakartsa, to bow; cf. karkat{t)a,
i i ^ 4f
kaka/ruko ^S^ or kukaruku,
^£»P^, to crow (probably
onomatopoetic) ; cf . agwagwa.
kakata Ul^l^, grandmother.
kakau* 3^lt=> = maikavda one
who drives away in war.
kahi* ^^<^i to spit.
kaki t/^i probably connected
with prec, found in compound
kakin zumua bees'- wax..
kakigani ^JJl^S^, found in the
compound kakiganin aUah,
name of a large species of
black bird which appears to
be always gazing down.
kala *j^, <)\&> (cf. (?) Ar. ^,
herbage), gleaning of harvest,
remainder of nuts, food, etc.;
yi kala to glean.
kala kala* '^Ifa *^^, certainly not.
* ' "
kal{l)ahi ^l^, handkerchief on
a woman's head.
kalahta* C^^, to sit down, used
of camels, donkeys, etc.
kalachi .iii>, ^^iL (cf. (?) Ar.
Jli, to drink at midday), break-
fast, midday meal, any meal.
kalai* ^Ji, Ar. ^Xi, washing of
clothes, reduplicated form in
B 136 hanza kalai kalai ha
addini the washing of clothes
is worthless apart from re-
ligion; generally used with
vxmke = to wash well and
thoroughly.
kaldmi* ^.^^JL^, Ar.^'i^ib, words,
D 7 ; cf. kalnuita.
kalango ^kiX^, drum, made with
wood or out of a calabash ; it
is shaped like an hour-glass, and
held under the arm; pressure
on the strings alters the sound
of the drum. One such would
be used by the king's fool.
kalgo yiuA or kargo ^j^y small
tree with slightly fragrant
leaves, used for wrapping up
food in; its bark is used by
women for darkening their
lips.
kal{l)i* JijS or kal{l)e ^i\L, Ar.
J3, to regard lightly, disregard,
refuse to listen; F Si fa kowa
ya zageka ka kale when anyone
abuseth thee regard it not.
kal{l)i* or kd(l)i* ^^, to shine
as metal, a star, etc. ; cf. (i) kalai.
kalUan* o^y Ar. J^, a little
= kankani,
kalikashin, below; cf. kalkashin,
kalkada jXL^j kalkade ^^jSX^,
t ^ • ^
kankade ^jJCJ^, karkade
i$^J=> or (?) kakabe ^^^,
to shake off; kalkada kura to
shake off the dust; D 5 5a
wana/n da kan jiahi ha shi kal-
kade ha that which you hear
cast not away.
kalkaf{f)i ^^SX^^ towel, napkin,
small piece of cloth.
kalkashin
J±
£», kalikashin
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107
U^
^j>*tia& or ka/rkaahin ^Jim^jS^,
1. under, underneath, below ;
2. used without a final n (i.e.
wa), bottom or base of any-
thing.
kalkeche ^^1JLL&>, wild dog or
jackal.
kalkili* ^^JUii, Ar. aJUXS, joy,
delight, B163.
kalnui8(8)a ^^^m^jA or kcUma(8)8he
^ifaMoA^, 1. to bend, roll up,
make a collar, hem, etc. ; 2. to
avoid, in pass. B 37 akalrrws'
8heta \2Jtt^^A\ let it be avoid-
ed; 3. kalma88he with ziichia =
to fail to get one's desire, to
be disappointed; 4. kcdnwsahen
zibchia = illiberality.
kahnata* UUL^, Ar. L^JdL,
words, B 1 ; cf . kaldmi.
kal(l)o yl^, to look at, to gaze,
stare at; yin kcUlo id., ka/at/e
kallona you continue staring
at me, makel(l)achi ^jJfeU
one who stares, in a bad sense.
kal(l)o >l^i found repeated in
expression kal{l)o kcU{l)o very
fine; cf. (?) kal{l)i.
kalni* y^y found in compound
kalun Uache a dried-up tree =
kubri,
kalua I^A^, seeds of the dorivxi
tree; they are contained in a
pod like that of a bean and
are eaten in soup.
kalulua* \yJ^ i ^, pain in the
groin.
kam^ j^^ as to, e.g. m kavix for
my part, in my opinion; usually
implying a negative statement,
ni kam = I did not, it is not I.
In A 56 etc. kam = * when ' or
* if ' and is perhaps a shortened
form of kami, q.v.
kama ^l^, to seize, to catch, lay
hold on; then in various se-
condary applications, e.g. ya
kama hainya he took his road,
pursued his journey, ya kama
it succeeds = ya y% ha ni kama
I would not believe; kaanu
yf\^ to catch, kamu kifi to
fish; makama UUc«, q.v. that
which is laid hold of, handle ;
mxikami ^^l£« arms. .
kam{m)a C^, Ar. id., as, like,
like as; kama wanan like this;
kam>a used with a word denot-
ing measure = about ; with da
affixed kamada and kama/nda =
like as, according as (cf. tamr
karda)y yi kamada to be like to;
most commonly kama assumes
the constr. form, as kamdn
UHinan like this, kamandu
t ju^& or kam^a nadd as before,
kama/n kwrege like a jerboa.
In A 33 zasu tashi kaman
kaiTe they shall rise in the
form of dogs, is seen its transi-
tion to a noun; hence several
following forms, nominal and
verbal, kama U^, pi. kamam,v,
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108
UiLel^
j^o^, 1. likeness, image, pic-
ture, appearance; 2. one's like,
companion, associate, fellow,
partner, friend (cf . Fulah kama
friend), kama* C^ to befit
(= kamata), found in D 4
abinda ba shi kania ha that
which is unfitting. kamacJie
^l^^, to befit, to become, to
behove, kamata OW^) to be
becoming and so, to be neces-
sary ; ya kamata it is becoming,
we ought, etc., A 24 noma ga
mata bai karnata ba kun sani
farmwork is not becoming for
a wife, you know.
kamal Ji.^,.^, another form of
kaman; A 13 kamal daki like
a room.
6 ^ ^ 9 ^ "
kamal* J^^&) Ar. Jl«^, end,
completion, B fin.
kainata, see kama,
J J ^ ^
kamazoro ^j^Jm^^ the strap, held
in hand, tied to the bit li-
kambi* ».,^, ^^^ (cf. (?) Ar. rt
^M^, to become rich), 1. fine
expensive clothes, stored up
treasures, esp. those of a king;
2. strength; shiria da kamhi
he is strong. Possibly this
may be a form of karifiy q.v.
J d <
kamhori ^jyv^y 1- finger-nail,
also used collectively for all
the finger-nails, cf. ahai/a; 2.
egg-shell, cf. kosfa,
kamhori* ^jy^t -A.r. j^, fine
white calico or brocade, such
as is imported from England ;
cf. alkamura from the same
Arabic root.
kanii* ^<ol^, l<*^i *iU> until,
when, D91 kami m^arechs un-
til evening; A 12 kami ka
zona when thou sittest down.
kamna U^, Uo4>, Ar. ^>^, 1.
love, desire, e.g. kamna ta
tsaya love is aroused ; C 9 ?/a
maida kamna tai ga banza
dunia he directs his desires
towards this vain world, B 2,
169 ahin kamria a thing be-
loved ; 2. used as a verb after
pronouns ending in na to love,
e.g. ina kamnaka I love thee ;
B 165 muna kamna we desire,
or with yi, e.g. na yi kam-
nansa = na sonsa I love him ;
3. with accus. kamna fuska to
look pleased at seeing, e.g. a
friend ; cf. kankamna.
kam^hi ^y^^t 1. an agreeable
smell, abi7i kamshi scent of any
kind ; 2. incense, B 1 69.
kamUy to catch ; cf . kamxi.
kamu y^\^y a measure of length
from the elbow to the tip of
the middle finger, cubit; the
common measure used in sell-
ing cloth.
kamua* iy^i^, pledge held for
money owing ; cf. (?) kayna.
kamunka/{/)a IaXuL£», the two
pieces of cloth sewn on at the
bottom of native trousers; they
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109
>^
are about six inches wide and
brightly coloured.
kamzo ^i^^, kcmzo ±yA or
amzo* j>-«1, the burning of
food on the fire.
han^ v>^» ^'f^* O^ ^^ ^aiwfo*
ju£», conjunctive particle, be-
fore that, until, then ; han su
yama before they have done,
ka/re loanan kana ka yi won-
chan finish this before you do
that, B 57 kanda ta rabika
before it part you; cf. karui,
kanda.
kan*, rarely used as the second
personal pronoun before a past
tense ; cf . use of sun they.
kan ij^ (j^ before b) or ka l£>,
a defective auxiliary, used in
order to give to verbs (1) a fre-
quentative or habitual sense;
cf. A 54 toanan da kan rika
taimatna the man who always
performed his ablutions with
sand ; (2) a subjunctive or con
cessive sense, B 137 almajiri
shi kan bida dengi nai the
pupil would seek after his re-
lations ; cf . also kanwa,
kana*, see kan*,
kana* ^l^ (cf. Ar. rt 0>^)»
used as an emphatic substan-
tive verb, A 30, 45, 52.
kanana, little, small, few; used
as pi. of karam% q.v.
kanda*, see kan.
kandaki ^^ja£», pi. kandakuna
\j^jj^, composed of kai and
daki, lit. head of the house;
secpnd storey, room above ; cf .
kai.
kandama UjU£», found in com-
pound ka/ndaman kai top of
the head; cf. (?) kundumin
kai absence of hair on the
head.
kandilu ^jj£9, dung of cows or
camels.
kandu ^JJ>£» or kandun ido, 1.
declaring what is on the inside
of anything by simply looking
at it; 2. a stone used as a
charm tied to a woman's neck.
kane ^^i^, kane* ^jA, pi. kanena
Uu£» and kanoni ^y&,
younger brother, A 9 ; for fem.
form cf . ka/ntia.
kan(n)e* ^y^, 1. winkiAg, 2. to
wink with one eye, yi kanne,
id.; kaniawa tjljM^, winking,
cf . kankani.
kanga, a knife ; cf . kangar,
kanga \kA or konga UU^, plain,
flat place without trees, ravine;
kanganfadda battlefield.
kangcUai ^j)<ki^, a long piece of
wood tied beside the ear, pro-
jecting for some distance before
and behind, used as a punish-
ment for thieving.
kangar ^ki^^ or kanga Uka^ (cf.
(?) Ar.jHi.;^), 1. a rough knife
used esp. by pagans with cir-
cular handle to fit on wrist
and blade projecting back-
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wards; 2*. oavalrj assembled
for war.
hangar a* jkiS^^ to rebel, to refuse
to work.
4> ^ 6 4>
kangara* t^JL;^, adv. phr. da
kavga/ra vigorously, B 36 ;
fiercely, strongly.
kangarua UJi^;&>, a strong mare.
kam.go yU£», pi. kangogi ^yuA,
1. desolation; 2. desolate,
empty; 3. a desolate and
mined house; 4. a house,
built without a door, used as
a prison.
kaniatva^ winking with the eye ;
cf . kan{n)e,
^ *• • ^
kankama L^JC^U^, new sprouts
growing up after trees or grass
have been cut down.
kankdma* jMiA, a strengthened
form of kama to seize. .
kankamna U«X;;£», 1. to dislike,
ill-treat, cf. kamna; 2*. to
froWn, probably for kankani,
q.v.
kankana, fem. form of kankani,
q.v.
kankana IJCA, water-melon.
kankana* LlxJ^, expr. found in
F 36 = dakanka thou thyself.
kankanchi wUX;^, ^JUC;£» (pos-
sibly this may be the French
canean Arabicised into ^jSi^,
idle gossip), dishonour, anger,
quarrelling ; B 83 mu sa kan-
kanchi let us put aside quarrell-
ing, yi kankanchi da to quarrel
with = kankani.
kankandi ^jjSi^y a bag.
kankani* ^^yXJA, to quarrel; cf.
kankanchi,
kankani* ^JlXi£>, a strengthened
form of kan(n)e^ found in expr.
yin kankanin idq to look with
the eyes nearly shut.
kankani ^JLiu^, kankane ^jX;£»,
fem. kankana Uu^, pi. kan-
kanu^iS!j& or kankamna UxA,
little, few, A 22 ; cf. karami,
kanana.
kankanta UUJul£», 1. small, cf.
hallin kankanta childishness;
2. to evil intreat, beat, etc.;
cf. kankanchi.
kankar{r)a \jSJ>A, haiL
kankari ^jXiA, 1. to peel, scrape,
rub out ; cf . makankara A 38
\ji5SU = one to rub out ; 2*. to
hoe grass, A 24 mata kar ka
sata akankari you may not put
a wife to hoe grass.
kankashi* ^ J S^, haunch, used of
the cow.
kankeso 3,.. ^ IC ; ^, pi. kankesai
^«mJCZ£», cockroach.
kanki or kenki ^^JU^, a large
species of antelope.
Akzno yi^t Kano, the commercial
metropolis of the W. Soudan,
G 5 ; cf. 'Hausaland,' pp. 100-
123.
kansa, himself ; cf . kai,
kansakali ^)Xl^, a sword.
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^Ia£»
111
SM^
kantu yu£», pyramidal load of
salt such as could be carried
on a man's head ; sugar is also
made into the shape of a kantu
about 2^ ft. high for transport
across the desert.
kantwrurua \^j^y^'^^i black seeds
worn by women as beads round
the neck.
kantta S^i^, kanua* t^J^, sister,
fem. of kane, q.v. '
kanum/ari {Jljt^iy Ar. jA3|i,
cloves.
kanwa S^i^, natron, saltpetre;
\.fa/nn kantva used in making
<t*o; 2. ja kanwa used as a
medicine ; 3. kanioa giocmguxi-
rassa = maganin /tai/ua; 4.
kanwa ungumu used for mak-
ing armlets with. The natron
imported into Hausaland by
native caravans is chiefly ob-
tained from natron lakes in
Bomu near L. Chad.
kanwa* Sy^i lengthened form of
kan, denoting the conditional
mood; B 12 chiuta da jahili
kxmwa kai nai the evil (lit.
disease) of the ignorant man
will take him away.
J • ^
kanzo ^JmXA, burnt food; cf.
kamzo,
kapa/ra Ij^a^, perjury, chiefly used
in the phrase yi kapara to
swear falsely ; cf. (1) kafiri,
kar* jSDy a form of the prohibitive
particle kad{d)a, q.v. ; A 24 ka/r
ka sata a kankari you may not
put her to hoe grass.
kar(r)a j£» or kar(r)o ^jr^y to
come together violently as two
rams, or as in the shook of
battle; karrro da dtcchi to stum-
ble against a stone, karro is
also used as a noun ; wanan ya
yi karro da tvoncha/n this meets
that, or conflicts with that.
kdra jl^, to bleat.
kdra \j\£^, 1. cause of complaint;
kai ka/ra to bring an accusa-
tion, with ^a = to accuse; 2. to
call upon, refer dispute to a
judge, accuse.
kdra jti, to add to, to increase;
when followed by another
verbal form it qualifies it in
the sense of the adverbs *more,'
'further,' 'again,' or with a
negative, *no more,' *not again,'
etc., e.g. ya ka/ra kuka he con-
tinued crying, ban kara tashi
I did not rise again.
kara* \j\i to cry out; kana kara
thou criest out, F79 ; cf. kir{r)a,
kara Ijl^, reed, stalk or stem of
plants; e.g. karan hachi, karan
shinkaffa stalk of com or
rice,, karan masallachi the
name of a water reed often
planted near mosques.
karafa l|j£>, ring of metal placed
round hands or legs of women;
cf. kar{r)o, kundeg{g)e,
koArafafa* v^t ^ ^, to give an
answer.
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^\ji
karafafa^ a plural form, strong
men; cf. karifi,
karaga ^jS»^ couch of king or
judge, judgment-seat, seat on
which a king is carried about.
karaiar* jjjhy construct form, pro-
tection (?); cf. F86, note.
ka/raki* ^^^ ^, trouble, diffi-
culty.
karwma* U;U, increase; B 68 shi
haka yanzu gobe shi karama
he gives to-day, he increases
on the morrow; cf. gvrmama,
karamami ^^U^l^ or karmamt
ij^j^y sprout or stalk of
guinea com, etc.
karamhani ^L*- i ; ^ , ^U^;»,
interference with a matter
which does not concern one.
ka^amhik{k)i ^^LJj^, «£U«;^, fox,
jackal (?) ; cf . dila.
^ ^ < ^ <
karami ^j^, fem. karama U^
or karamia l^< jffr» , pi. karamu
y^j^, kanana lu£», and A^anr
A^na UC;£D.(q.v.), little, small;
cf . karanchi.
karam{m)ia C«^, a species of
gourd; cf. kahewa.
karamta lio)i, path ; F 144 A^a-
ramta taswa gashi hahu wawa
its path is (as fine as) a hair,
without doubt ; cf , karapta.
kar{r)ana i3^, a large tree, the
fruit of which is ground up
and used as an ointment.
karanchi wJ^^, abstr. n. from
karami, q.v., a small quantity ;
karanchi dagga mutane few
men.
karangam^ Lm^^, ladder, steps.
karangia \.\ k j^ fe or karcTigia
*>^*>^ ^^ fcartngta Igii/ ^
(pennisetum distichum), thorns,
a grass, the prickles of which
stick to the clothes ; the seeds
are used for food, especially in
the northern part of Hausaland
on the borders of the desert.
karangod(d)a IjLiLJ^^, a small
male deer; cf. god{d)a,
ka/ran hamchi ^^t^ Oj^> bridge
of the nose ; cf . hanchi,
karanta* UJji, U>>^, Ar. Iji,
1. taught, learned; 2. to teach.
ka/rapta ^^ (cf. (1) Ar. w>ji, to
draw near), with da, to meet a
person coming from opposite
direction, e.g. ya karapta dashi.
kara/ra \jj^9 a prickly tuberous
plant ; it causes severe itching
on skin.
kara/ra ^jj-^i a woman without
child, barren.
kardtu ^\ji, kardtu yl^, Ar.
S^lji, 1. reading, then story, lan-
guage, words, D 1 , A 9 wanan
ka/ratu lumiza ne this is the
story of Hamza ; 2. to read, to
learn, A 16 «tA sun karatu they
read, yin karatu with accusative,
to read; unakaranta LZJ^iX^,
school.
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113
3fji
kar(r)au, armlet; cf. kar{r)o,
karaurawa, bells, pi. of kar{r)o,
karaya or karaia \jj^^ a species
of (jelly ?) fish which emits a
poisonous fluid ; cf . kawora.
karaya ^j^, trembling, excite-
ment.
karaya, breaking; proverb laudi
ha karaya ha bending is not
breaking; cf. karya, id.
karayeya ^^^^j^, to break, a
strengthened form of karya.
karha %^j^, kariha* v>^> karbi
^j^ or karibi* ^j^, 1. to
take, to take by force, to
snatch ; 2. to accept, receive ;
. koMwa taking away; for use
of passive cf. C 14 hai aam, da
ra nai za akarhiwa tasa he
knew not that his life was
about to be taken away, karbo
^jS^t to take to oneself; hence
the imperative km^bo = receive !
cf . ka/rba = take !
ka/r{r)e ^j^, fem. i^ji^, pi. ka7*-
nuka \Skjj£9 (Kanuri keri), dog,
A 33, F 184 ; karren rua an
animal like a dog, that lives
by streams and supports itself
by catching fish ; karren gidda
house-dog.
Mre ^jU, ^j\£9 (cf. (?) Ar. y,
to stop, be done with), 1. end,
e.g. D 85 giddan kare an abode
which comes to an end, lit.
house of end ; 2. v. tr. to end.
finish ; as v. intr. to come to
an end, e.g. B 74 c?a kai da
dunia ku ka/re duk thou and
the world ye shall both come
to an end; cf. B71, 91. Also
used impersonally to qualify
adverbially other verbs, ya yi
magana ya ka/re he finished
speaking; ya kare is frequently
used impersonally = it is enough,
the matter is at an end. ka-
rewa t^jli, ending, end, B 80;
an intensive form karkare
^liji, to come utterly to an
end, is found in B 141 dunia
zata ta karkare this world
shall come utterly to an end;
makara or makare end.
kare* vA^> found at B 116,
to drive away; cf. kora,
karemMkl ^S^j,^, a woman about
to give birth to a child.
karengia, a thorny grass; cf. ka^
rangia.
karetua, end; c£ kare,
karfa{8)8hi ^JL^j!^, a species of
flat-fish.
karfata U(^ or karifata \^j^y
the loins, from the knee to
the hip joint.
ka/rfe, strong; cf. karifi,
karji ^Jlf^y strength; cf. karifi,
kar/u* ^jiy pi. karfwrm* U^,
F 107, a whip ; cf. kurafu,
kargOy the name of a tree; cf.
kalgOy id.
8
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114
Lr%^
kar{r)i ^j^, 1 • abundance ; 2. swel-
ling on skin, sting, e.g. of
scorpion.
kari, meaning; cf. ker{r)e,
kar{r)ia C^, bitch, fern, of kar{ry,
kaaia, Cj£9, l^ji, 1. tale, story;
2. what is merely a story, false-
hood, lie; B 107, D 7. Hence
the expression giddan karia
this present world, lit. house
of falsehood, opposed to giddan
gaskia the place to which all go
when they die until ranan gobe.
knriachi ^l^j^, falsehood;
makariachi a liar.
karia, karie, ka'inewa, to break ;
cf. karya, karye, karyewa,
karia^hi, see karia.
kariba, to take ; cf. karba, id.
kari/afa*, to strengthen, intensive
form from karifi, q.v.
karifata U^^, thigh;' cf. [A^r/a^a.
karifi ^^, pl- karafa l^j^ or
karifuna U>>^, 1. iron; jan
karifi^vdi&s^', 2. strength,''power;
da karifi powerfully; maikarifi
strong. koA^fi ^js^, a short-
ened form of karifi, C 32, D 41.
karfe 15?^, ^84 suna ka/rfe
halli they have a strong dis-
position, they gave not way to
tears, karifafa* \Sa^, to
strengthen; karafafa ^j^,
strong men; karkarifa very
strong.
karifi or karipi ijij^ (cf . Ar. l?j^,
to foam, of a pot), earthen pot.
karikache ^y^j^^ fem. karikata
U£»^, pl. karikatu y^jS^,
1. bent or tottering, as of a
wall ; 2. to turn off from the
road, lose the way, cf. goche\
to do wrong, cf. karkaclve,
karikara \j^j^ or karkarajS^j^,
J • © X
pl. karkarori \^jyj^j^ *^^
karkaroni ^^jSsjS^, ci Ar.
j>J>j>^i a very large field or
plain.
karikari tTj^j^ or karkari
^;^^£»;i^, to draw, drag.
karxmu* j^ij^t Ar. ^^>», gra-
cious, F 16.
<- ^
karingia igjuj^, a thorny grass;
cf. karangia,
kaririye ^^jj^i to break up, an
intensive form of karya, q.v.
kariya, kariye, see A;arya, A^rye.
karkache, to turn dff, i.q. karikache,
q.v.
I ^ » ^
karkache'* ^^£^^ or karikache
X^X^^, found in phrases
mutum aka/rkaxilie a man of
bad disposition, A^t karikache
you have done wrong; cf.
karikache to lose the way.
karkachi ^J^j^ (cf. (?) Ar. Jji)
a game played by children.
karkade, to shake off, e.g. dust;
cf . kalkada.
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yS^
115
Wj^
karkcMra, see karikara,
ha/rhvre ^Vi^i) to come utterly to
an end, intensive form of kare^
q.v.
karka/ri^ to draw, i.q. karikari, q.v.
^ ^
karkari* jSj^J^^ ^ scrape, per-
haps = prec.
karkaHfa ^jj^j^, very strong,
an intensive from karifi, q.v.
karkashin, underneath; cf. kalkor
shin,
A:ar/ba^(^)a C^i;^, ^j^, and by
x © X X
metathesis kakartsa itjJi£9,
1. to bend, e.g. B 38; 2. to
bow with head to one side so
as to listen intently ; with
kunua ear, D 32 hi karkatta
kuniuz en gaia rnaku gaskiana
give attention, that I may ex-
plain to you the truth which
I have, F 7 ahokina ka ka-
kartsa hwauanaka, maikatarta
L?; 7 V ^ ^ one who trembles,
D46.
karkia K^^^j^y yoke, Y-shaped,
put on necks of slaves.
J © X
karko* y^yrr* or yin karko, to last,
endure ; cf . (?) seq.
karko* ^jif found in B 71 karko
mu we end (?).
kartna* U;^^, prostitute, E 16 ;
= karua.
karmamiy blades of com; cf. kara-
mami, id.
kar{r)o jj^ or karau ^ijl^, pi.
^ ^ 9 ^ If
karauraioa S^j^j^, 1. armlet
made of natron, komvxiy espe-
cially worn by Nup6 women ;
cf . karafa^ hindeg(g)e ; 2*. small
bell attached to a horse.
kar(r)Oy to meet; cf. kar{r)a,
karo jjl^, 1. a kind of gum put
in ink; 2. karon maje, a sort
of gum drawn from a tree and
used for perfumes.
karoki ^^j\^, boards, paddles.
karorOy a bag of cowries; cf. ko-
roro,
karsana* Uitf^f^, small female calf.
kaflrsan(n)i* ^J^j!^, a large or
very fat man.
X » ^
karsha* \J^j^, heel (?) ; cf. seq.
karshe iJ^j^t end, the last; used
adverbially B 94 domin ahinda
zashi gani karshe for that which
he will see at the end; ma-
karshe = last.
.'Ox
karta* ^j^, to scrape with a
knife.
karu ^j\£9, to abound, to increase,
used of the sun, to rise high,
e.g. rana ta karu the sun rises
high in the sky, opposed to
rana ta ragu,
karua tjjl^, bad woman, prosti-
tute; cf. karmay id.
karufa Uj-^, pL yj^y^y ^ig^
riding-boots.
karuki*, see karoki.
karya \^j£9 or ka/rye i^j^y to
break; F 175 ^Ai karya kasshi
it will break their bones, karya
azumi to breakfast, A^ karya
mani zuchiayou break my heart,
you discourage or dishearten
8—2
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.5^
me. hnryetva Syjij,^^, breaking ;
karaya b^, q.v., id.; kaririye
^jj^ or karayeya ^^^y
to break up, to scatter.
ka8{8)a \mA, \mJy pi. ka8{8)a8hi
^e&Li^ and k<i8(8)asa LaltM^d
(cf. (1) Ar. j./-^, to pulverize),
1. earth, soil; A 76, F 96
akwaha kdsa ana kuma la-
lahawa earth is mixed and
kneaded up again ; 2. the
ground ; a kasaa on the ground,
usually shortened to akass;
hence used to express, down
below (cf. a bissa above); na
kdssa m., ta kassa fern., used as
adj., the one beneath, the lower;
abin kasa = worms, etc. ; as
adv. taffb kasaa, shiddo kassa
come down ! 3. land, country;
in a geographical sense kasan
Aat£«a = Hausaland ; cf. seq.
ka8{8)a t/M^, Lm^, to place on
the ground, to lower to the
ground ; shortened to kass, used
fig. ; A 29 anso ta kass muria
chikkin magana nata let her
be willing to lower her voice
in speaking; cf. (?) seq.
kdsa 1^1^, to fall short of, cf.
D 47, B 122; hence to fail one,
disappoint one, e.g. ba ya kasa
mcrni komi ba he failed me in
nothing, kasasda ju^i^l^, to
decline; ina kasasda karifi I
am growing weak. kasashe
^ywL^, to lower, make less.
kas{s)a* J^*^, ll^, to divide up =
raha.
kasa*, hen; cf. kaza.
htsa \lt\&>, a large black and white
poisonous snake, its flesh edi-
ble.
kas{s)ada jL,»f>, 1. to believe in,
to rely on God; 2*. to wander
as a beggar afar alone.
kasaita C-^ji...*^, Uy»A, cf. Ar.
l*^, to be proud.
kamla ^ll^, Ar. J^l^, found in
compound maikasala, a beggar
who refuses to work.
kasanchi ^JU**ȣ>, to continue, re-
main ; used like tabbeta.
kasasda, to grow less; cf. kdsa.
kasashe, to lower or make less;
cf . kdsa,
kasau* ^mA or t^-^li, killing,
murderous; cf. (?) ka{s)she.
kasausawa Syay^KSsi^ a kind of
long spear, not used for throw-
ing.
kasba* l»i,«»f>, beads.
kasegi ^Jum*^, forked iron stick
on neck of a horse.
kas{s)efri ^j^.^>»£:», water in which
rice or grain has been washed.
kaserua \^jmjS9 (a corruption of
kasa-n-rua), water-duck.
ka{s)she*, to exist; cf. ka(s)shi.
ka{s)she j^-^^, kasshi* ^iS^ ot
kis{s)a Lm^, (?) forms of verb
kas{s)a or kada, 1. to bring to
the ground, overpower; 2. to
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U.^
kill; G 6, 1. 16 suka kasshi
mtUanen za/n/a they killed the
men of Zaria; hence 3. of
money, to spend, e.g. ya kasshe
kurdi; 4. to condemn, e.g.
alkali ya kassheni the judge
condemned me; kissa magdna
to end conversation ; kasau
* ' "
^mA, q.v., murderous; kasshin
A;ai ^-^ O**^* murder, lit.
killing the head. ka8{8)u
^»A, q.v., is perhaps formed
from the same root.
kdshi chI£>, the dung of animals.
ka{8)8hi ic*^> 15^^ or ka{8)8he*
j^^*L£», 1. to be, to exist, D 39;
2. to continue; B bi en ka
shiru kasshe if thou continuest
silent. kasshi is frequently
found in written but seldom
or never occurs in colloquial
Hausa.
ka(8)8hi i^Ati, pi. kasustoa \yaym»3,
bone, F 175; kasshin ido =
long ridge over eyes, kasshin
kai skull, kasshin isotso back-
bone.
ka(s)8hinkai, murder; cf. ka{8)she.
kaska ULm*.^, vermin infesting
horses, goats, etc.
kaskasta* C%i»X»A or kuskunta
C<%*-VL»A, to drive away in
disgust, to despise; makaskachi
^JbuM^U, oppressed.
kaskawani ^^£»A, a small herb
with white flowers, rubbed on
the skin in order to cure crow-
crow.
A;a£^ ^V,..>£>, pi. kasaki <5^t
V5T
a vessel made of clay, round,
without top, of medium size;
i.e. larger than buta, smaller
than tulu.
kasru* j.^ (Ar. j^, a castle),
found in compound F 55 enna
sheddadu rnaikasru almashidi
where is Sheddad, the owner
of the mighty palace?
kass ^jm^, 1. shortened form of the
verb kasshe to kill; 2. to lower,
A 29 ; cf. kasa.
kastu or kestu ^JU*^ or ketu ^ZA,
1. a flint to strike fire with ;
2. kestii, ivuta to strike fire
with a flint.
J y
kas{8)u* ^mA , to subject, subdue,
bring into subjection; cf. (?)
ka(s)8he.
^ J *
kasuwa or kasua \ym£» (in A 15,
^ » » ^
25 J ">^^)> 1*. grass eaten by
animals; 2. a market in which
some special article is sold,
e.g. meat, bread, grass for
animals. The meaning grass-
market was probably derived
from 1., and eventually the
word came to be applied to
any market or market-place.
dan kasua (lit. son of a market)
is applied to a very small
market, e.g. one held under
a tree.
-* • ^ ^ » 0>
kaswa |^.uA or kazua t^j*^,
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118
^^
1. slight swelling anywhere on
the body; 2. itch.
kaUnnha''^ t; ,;^, 1 ■»» .7^, thin
laths of wood such as are used
in building a wall.
katami g^^, a hole where dirty
water is thrown.
katamtamtoa \y^2^A, 1. untimely
birth; 2. snail shells; cf. tan-
tanua,
katanga Ulx^, 1. porch, wall;
2. sherds of pots, etc.
kdtara* tpl^, thigh.
kaata/ra* ^i&>^ to wish; cf. seq.
kaJtarsa* yjajHi^^ formed from ka-
tara, to gratify a wish, D 70.
katerta* UJi^ (cf. (?) Ar. JiS>,
dignity), prosperity, D 2 note;
maikaterta prosperous, D 83.
kato y»U, fern, katuwa \yj\9, strong
male or female slave; cf. (?)
gato.
hUsu* iJ, Ar. id., ever ; B 23 6a
8u gamu katsu they have never
met.
katumi, a charm; cf. haJtumi, id.
katuwa^ fem. form of kato, q.v.
A»w* ^^, 1. to go away; C 20 en
ka ga tsqfa nan ka che kau
nana when thou perceivest her
age thou wouldest say to her,
Depart from here; 2. to spread
out.
kauchara p>^, }j^^> *^® ^^^'^^
of paradise, F 214 ; often with
the Ar. article prefixed, v. al-
kaucharay id. ; cf . Koran cvni.
katbchi w»^i>, i^j^i 1. a graft
from one tree to another, seed
dropped by a bird which has
taken root in the branches of
a tree; cf. (1) Ar. i>l^; 2. a
charm for catching slaves, etc.
kauchiy to remove; cf. katva,
kauda, to take or put away, re-
move, withdraw; cf. katva.
kaura* j^, to remove, e.g. a
tent, etc.; yin kaura, id.
kaura \)y^, a species of red
guinea-corn given to horses;
cf . dawa,
kaura* 1j>^, a title especially
used in Katsina = Master of
the horse; cf. aura, id.
kaitre ^j^l^ or kiauri jy^t the
covering of a door = tukuruu.
kauri ^jj^ or koM ^j^, cf.
Ar.j^y thick, fat.
kaushi yj^^l^y roughness, uneven-
ness of surface.
kauwa, to remove, pass, akautoa
to be removed; cf. katva,
kautve or kautvi, quiet, silent ; cf .
katvoi,
^ ^ 4f
kauwera* \j^^^, flat place near a
house, (1) = Ar. Sj>^, a form
of )(iapa,
kautvi ^^^^f tribe, people be-
longing to a particular town.
kauye iji^, pi. kauyuka l£»^^,
Ar. 4^j|i, a small villatge.
/bawye ^:J^, A;ot£;i \^^^ or A»M;ii6
^5.^, side of a body or edge
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Wife
of anything; B 171 ha ni ragi
kauye ha I will not decrease
even the edge, kowien rua edge
of a stream, outskirts of a town.
kawa* tjt£>, 1. to take, bring
forward; D ^6 8U kan kawa
dalili they would give a reason;
^ • «•
2*. to become (?). — kauwa^^,
to remove; aka/uwa to be re-
moved, kawas ^^^l^, to put
or take away, to remove, ka-
wasda ju»jl£>, to take away,
put away, disperse. kauda
>^, to put away, remove,
withdraw; used with kai, to
turn the head away so as not
to look at anything, hence
to move the head so as to
express dissent (cf. kada kai
to assent), katichi iP>^, to
remove, katoo j^^, to bring,
•bring near (cf. kauxis to put
away), to bring to the place
where the speaker is ; cf . pass,
imperative akatvoshi let it be
brought here, kawcnoa tjt^»,
particip. form of kawo; D 7
ku her kai da kawawa (kor
woma ?) na karia leave off false
dealing, lit. give up taking
away and bringing back falsely.
kai to carry (q.v.) apparently
belongs to the same root; cf.
also kai/a, kaitoa and (?) kaum.
kawaichi, to conceal; cf. kawoi.
kawaita, to be still ; cf . kawoi.
kawaltoalnia lj^y^£», vapour ris-
ing in hot sun.
^ X ^ ^
kawamata* Uto^^, Ar. j>^f to
estimate, to fix a price for;
found in pass, akawamata E 7,
ankawamata E 8.
kawanaj heads, pi. of kai, q.v.;
' D 64.
kawara \jf^ or alkawara \jj^\,
cowries ; cf . kurdi.
kawas, to take away; cf. kawa,
kawasda to take away, disperse;
cf. kawa,
kawazuchi i^Jijti, 1. covetousness;
2. grasping.
katoecid* ^t^y^, edge, end, D 13;
cf. kauye.
kawo, to bring near, to bring ; cf .
kawa,
kawoi ^^£9, 1 . silence ; yin kawoi to
be silent, keep silence; 2. alone.
kauwe^^y^ or kauwi ^^^S^,
quiet, silent, only, kawaita
CU^3^, to be still ; pass.
akawaita be still ! kawaichi
^^JLjiyAj to conceal, e.g. a
crime.
kawora |;^^» a species of fish
(jelly-fish?); cf. karaya,
kawowa, participial form of kawo,
bringing ; cf . kawa,
kawu* ^, cf. Ar. rt l^^^, to
abdicate; aariki ya kawu,
kaya or kaia L»l^, pi. kayayeki
jji^l^, 1 . load, burden, goods ;
C 1 1 ya kunchi kaya imi he un-
ties his goods; 2. instruments,
tools, apparatus, e.g. kayan
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120
c;^a = battle-arms, shield, etc.,
hay an yaki id., kayan ado or-
naments, trinkets, etc., kayan
dakka - large pestle such as is
used for beating up guinea-
corn; 3. gift; 48 na shiria
kayana I make ready my gift ;
cf. under kai,
^ 0> • J *. ^
kaya Ij^Sa, pi. kayaytia Ij-*.^,
thorn; kayan kifi fish-bones.
•I ^
kayeta UUe^, a quantity of
thorns or thorny grass, impos-
sible to walk over.
koAfes* c/*«^? ^ ^® condemned,
be declared guilty; kayea ga
sheria to lose one's case, kon
, ^ ^ J
yeswa* I^>m^^, condemnation;
kayes is probably connected
with kada to condemn.
kayeta^ see kaya.
kaza lji> or kasa* CJ9, pi. kaji
-^i ^, hen, fowl, D 1 1 ; kaza
maiyaya the constellation * Hen
and Chickens' which appears
when the rainy season is com-
ing, kazan duchi a species of
quail, kazan yariba lit. fowl of
Yoruba = guinea-fowl (zahua).
kaza tj^, Ar. \S^ id., 1. so,
thus; F 39, 227; 2. used to
point out a certain person or
thing which is to be nameless,
so and so, such and such, e.g.
ya fadi kaza da kaza he said
so and so, abu kaza such and
such a thing, chikkin wata
kaza = Ax. \j>^ jy^ ^'
kazdmi j>\j^, J>^j^, pi kazamai
^\ji, Ar. ^Ji, 1. dirt; 2.
dirty, unclean, vile, kazamta
U^, XJAjSs^y uncleanness.
kazaza \)j^y cf . (1) Ar. J,^, hump-
back.
XX X
kazin'tain(m)a l^ CU^' <^i^o^
skimmed off from molten iron.
» X
kazinzemi* ^^^pj^y bug (?).
^ ' * ' fix
kazizi l£jj^ (cf. Ar.JiS^, to catch
X X
cold), a tuber, from which
cough medicine is made.
kazua, itch; cf. kaswa,
OJ X J X
kazum j^^, j>jj^, deserter or
lingerer at home in time of
war.
ke ^^^ or ki* l^, emphatic 2nd
pers. pron. fern, sing., always
in combination with ki 2nd
pers. pron. fem. sing, in the
emphatic aor., e.g. ke ki taffi
thou didst go; cf. Gr. p. 60.
ke 1*^, ^ or ki* «<^, defective
subst. verb, is, are, e.g. ski ke
nan so it is; F 7. The subject
is of common gender, while
that of ne is masc. and of
che fem. Followed by da-
to have, to possess ; mu ke da
8u we have them.
t 01 Ox
keau ^-A, >-^ or ^&, frequently
pronounced kiyo, 1. beauty
(physical), da keau handsome,
beautiful ; 2. also used of
moral beauty, good, kind.
Hence the phr. da keau = well,
it is well ; this is used to ex-
press assent; 6 135 en ta yi
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^^ 121
keoM if she act well ; maikeau
B35 = je^, B167 =^,
beautiful, keaukeatoa \^L^yA,
a redupl. form of keau, 1. great
beauty; 2. very good, very
fine, keauta U>-£», 1. act of
kindness, benevolence ; with
yi to show favour, do a kind-
ness, e.g. ^a yi ma.9a keauta
thou didst a favour to him;
2. a gift, a present.
kehe j-a*£>, to separate, mark off.
kehe j***^, iron stirrup ; cf. ki-
nami leather stirrup.
kedaya Cjl^ (cf. (?) Ar. ji,
measure), 1. account, reckon-
ing, method of numbering ;
2. as verb with pronouns ending
in na, e.g. inuna kedaya we
reckon ; su fi kedaya = in-
numerable; cf. kidda, kididig-
ga, didigga.
kegartta, fortification ; cf . kagara,
kek{k)aral ^£jS^ (pi. in form),
swelling in the hands.
keka{8)8lie ^^ntCA, to air, to expose
to the air, to dry, e.g. a tohe.
kekaka{8)she ly^S C^ ^, fern.
kekasa(8)8hia l.gJt«Mix ^
>, pi.
keka^asu
Jc^g^, dried.
aired, dry ; in F 96 kekasassa
ImmmI,!.^ = dry earth ; cf. ka8(8)a.
keke y^i^, cloth, made of blue
and white alternate strips.
kelk^i* g*^, wild dog (?) ; cf . kir-
keshi,
kelle iJL&, a small axe, usexl in
fighting, with silver or ornate
handle.
J
kemru ^j^S^y a reed from which
arrows are made = gazara.
kenke ^JjJ^, to worry, to cause
trouble.
kenke{8)8he ^Jt>C^ or kenke8{8)a
^jM^, to hatch.
J
kenke8{8)o ytSj^^ cockroach.
kenki, an antelope ; cf. kanki.
kenwa tjJ^, kyanwa or keanwa
t^JL£», pi. kenwuna XjyJSs and
* © X
kenv)ai ^y^, cat, used -of
both wild and tame cat; cf.
magg% mazoro,
kepta C-%a£», v. in phr. kepta iddo
to wink ; keptawa lyj>£>, wink-
ing ; keptawan ido a moment
of time.
ker{r)e ^j^^ or A^tH ^j-^,
understanding; in the phr.
ya yi k&n'en 7nagana he under-
stands, he has his wits about
*him ; an expression applied to
a man who understands the
drift of what another is saying
from his opening words, and
interrupts him by saying ya
i88a,
ker{r)in Oj^y Oj^y very; used
only with bakki, bakki kerrin
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122
very black; cf. kirim, kmn-
kerka/ra j^j^, Ar. id., used of a
hen, to cackle; i.q. kerkera, q.v.
JO
keskestu ^I«Jum£>, tribal marks
cut on face; cf. ahavshawa.
keso yiMA^, 1. old mat made of
grass ; 2. old rags, old clothes,
or old' rug.
kestu, a flint with which to strike
fire ; cf. kcbstu.
kesu >»»M^, 20,000 cowries; cf.
kororo,
keta, evil ; cf. kita.
keta ww^, Ar. fJa^, to cut, rip,
xJl
tear, split; kettuz tyu£», split-
ting.
ketare {JjLi (cf. (?) Ar. jii, to
traverse a country), to cross,
X I xl ^
pass over; ketarewa \yjjZJ,
particip. form of prec, cross-
ing, F 155.
ketu, a flint ; cf. kastu.
ketuaj a splitting ; cf . keta,
X t X
kewa \yA or kiwa \j^tt^ (cf. (1)
Ar. f\^y a desert), forlornness;
sanu da kewa a salutation ad-
dressed to one who is lonely,
his friend being dead; P 104
loneliness, debe kewa to take
away mourning.
I ji » J
kewoye ^>^, ^>^ ^^ kewayi
i«j A-£», sometimes pronounced
^^x •
gewoye, 1. to go round, to spin
round ; 2. to go round some-
thing, to make the circuit of a
place; yin kewaye, B 164 id.;
3. to surround, D 59, F 77
yan uwaka mi kewoiyeka thy
brothers surround thee, 105,
245 ; 4*. to turn over, F 105
8U kewoyeka shikin (= chikin)
kushewa they will turn thee
over (surround 1) in the grave.
x»
\t^f the back part of the
head.
M, for words beginning with this
sound cf. under h.
ki ^, second pers. pron. fern, sing.,
X
1. as subject it is prefixed to
the verb in the aor,, past and
pres. tenses, as ki fitto, kin
JittOy kina fittowa ; suffixed to
auxiliary verb which denotes
the future, and to the passive,
e.g. zakijitto, afittaadaki ; 2. as
object it follows verbs and
preps, as zasu kassheki they
will kill you (f.); gareki to
you (f.); 3. -ki or -nki ^,
used as an inseparable posses-
sive pron. is suffixed to masc.
or fem. words provided that
the possessor is feminine, do-
kinki thy horse, giddanki thy
house.
ki i^, kia* l^^, 1. to hate, to
^^ X X
dislike ; 2. to reject, to refuse,
to say no ; C 22, 7 har shi
ya kia till indeed he would
refuse altogether ; the redupli-
X
cated form kinkinta %ZJSjA =
X X
I
to refuse; kije^^t^ g^, to hate ;
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^fmfjXs9
hishi jSin^fS or kishia i^jL^,
q.v., emulation, yin kishi to re-
fuse; kij/aya* ^^,A, refusing;
E 24 A;t^ <w6a A;m 6er kiyaya
repent, give up refusing; A:t-
2£7?i^a U^d^ or kuyiwa t>!>^,
refusal, objection ; ytn kiumya
to refuse exertion, to object to
labour; kiyeya \ f^*^ ^, envy,
hatred, malice, dislike; ma-
A;iyi j^^^U, q.v., adversary.
Possibly kita l^, cruelty, envy,
may be formed from ki; cf.
kinjiy makiyachi.
A^aZe ^JL^A, to neglect, despise,
let alone, refuse to listen to.
kidrna Uljji, ^l^i, Ar. iUl^, resur-
rection^ A 31, 32, 33,' D 58,
60, Fill.
kiashi, small red ants ; cf . kiyashi.
kiaurij covering of a doorway ;
cf. kaure.
kiauta, see keauta.
kib{h)a L£>, pi. kibobi ^>f^,
fat; yin kibba to grow fat.
kibanta* UU»>ff>, connections, re-
lations, people.
A;i6ia lt5«^> P^- ^*^^ >:^> arrow;
akalialbeahi da kibia he was
shot with an arrow, G 6, 1. 1 ;
makibia porcupine ; cf. begvxi,
kibrit* ^Z^,jj^, Ar. C>^j^, sul-
phur, brimstone; the native
Hausa is fara vmta.
kidda IjA or kididiga U>ju&
(cf. Ar. S^y measure), reckon-
ing, account, sum ; cf. did{d)i-
ga,
kidda \jk^ or kiddi jk^y ^J^^
1. a drum or any musical in-
strument ; 'E16 ku ber kidda
molo leave off drumming; 2.
playing, drumming; yin kid-
di to play, to drum; kiddin
dambe a peculiar kind of Jdrum-
beating for dancing; makiddi
(^jl£>U, drummer.
kidibi, liver; cf. gidibi,
kididiga, reckoning; cf. kidda.
kifi sAjj&, kife j>}e^, pi. kifaye
I5t^9t^^) ^sb; ka^ma kifi to iish.
kije^y to hate ; cf . hi,
kildgo >iU£^, pi. A;i%ai ^U£^,
1. cow-hide, skin; D 15 azaha
dandakasa kainal kilago his
pain is as though he were a
skin that is beaten ; 2. a tent
made of skin ; cf . kirigi,
A;^^a ^"^ *^^ Ajir^a >^^, to count,
to number ; cf . {i) kidda.
kili sJl^, fern, kilia UJL^, a white
horse with a spot on its fore-
head.
kUili ^JLjJL£», a young palm tree.
kilin kilin \^jX^ O-*^ ^^ kirri
XX XX
kirri j£9 j&, an imitation of
XX XX
the sound of falling glass or
broken wood, etc.
kil{l)isa ^J^, 1. to take exercise
on horseback ; 2. of a horse,
to trot.
kiliahi J ti»> A , 1. a kind of rug or
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124
to^fe
mat made of wool, etc., for
sleeping on; 2. thin strips of
meat cooked with oil and
pepper or dried in the sun.
kirna U«^, 1. anything small ;
2. price; cf. Ar. ^L^, id.
kirnba Im^, fruit of a large tree,
ground and used as a medicine,
hot like pepper, brought from
Nup6, etc.
kinami ^^{i^, stirrups made of
plaited leather; cf. kebe, iron
stirrup.
kindigaye ^l^ju£», gathering of
many people before a king for
discussion.
kingi k^^, ^JU£^, rest, remain-
der, what is left.
kinji j-i^**;^, refusal to hear, a
compound of ki and ji, hence,
obstinacy ; maikinji enemy.
kinke* ^^C*^, trouble.
kinkinta, to refuse ; cf . ki,
kintsa* Ja^, to gather together (?),
A 23.
kiptawa, winking ; cf . kipta.
kira j^, to forge metal; makeri
^j^Lt or tnaikira Sj^^t^, a
blacksmith, makera tj-^L«,
anvil.
kir{r)aj^ or kir{r)aye ^^j^, 1-
to call, to summon ; kira suna
to name; 2. 1^, calling out,
F 142 8u dor a kira they raise
a cry ; kir{r)avx> ^^\jS^^ to
summon to where the speaker
is, to call.
kirari ^1^^, 1. praise, laudation,
F 240 suna kuma yin kirari
they praise ; 2. self -laudation ;
3. flattery.
kir(r)awOy see kir{r)a,
kir(r)aye, see kirra,
kirchi, a scab ; cf . kurji.
kirfawa |>?j^, cutting folds of
cloth.
kirga, to count ; cf . kilga,
klria, name of a tree ; cf. kiriya.
kirigi pj^, skin, hide after it has
been tanned, the skin before
it is tanned is called /ata ;
kirigin kada the scales of the
(dead) alligator ; cf. kila^o.
kiriki ^^^, better ; ya yi kiriki
he is better, or he acts well,
rnuium kiriki a kind man.
kirim* jijlS^, found in A 67 rana
ka shafa dufu kirim huaka tasa
when thou anointest his face
with utter darkness ; cf . ker{r)-
in, kirinjijia,
kirinia [^j£»y 1. rafter forming
circular binding line inside
roof made of single reeds {tan-
kai)) 2. fig. tsofo da kirinia
old man bent double.
kirinjijia Igj^i^.t^f^, a small black
duck.
kiriya U/^ or \kJj,^JS», a small tree
which often grows on roofs
from which blacksmiths obtain
charcoal, i.e. garvoashin kiriya.
Digitized by
Qoo^^
kirji ffj^, ^rji ^ji, pi. kirijai
t:j^. breast, bosom.
kirkeshi ^^*»»^j^, a creature re-
sembling a wolf = (?) kelkeji (cf.
(?) Ar. rt^ji, aitd u^^j^, pup).
kirkira* \j^j^ (cf. Ar. 5>%^,
the cackling of a hen), found in
A 29 kaddadai ajita yi sagara
maikirkira let her not be heard
calling fowls, with wide-opened
mouth ; cf . kurkurkur.
kh-^na to;^, soldiers on foot ; sa-
rikin kirma a leader of in-
fantry.
kirH kirrij^ jS»^ see kilin kilin,
kiraa to/i^, a bribe given to a
judge; cf. hila,
kirta C>j£9, U/^, 1. to dig up
land = fwina ; 2. to draw a
line or furrow.
kirtani ^yjj£9, strong white string
made of flax.
ki8(8)a ^^»^, to kill ; cf . kasshe,
ki8{8)aka \^im^, a hairy cater-
pillar.
kishi cAe^j iAg^y 1- emulation,
jealousy ; yin kiahi = to refuse.
2. Arw/tta iyt>j}£>, pi. kishiyoyi
^^ ^ , f» fl, f> , 1. jealousy, hence
2. the name given to either of
the two wives of the poly-
gamist; if he takes a third wife
he has kishiyoyi] cf. ki,
kishimi* jjk,^ ( Ar. ^y>u^, to have
a bodily defect), k. ido blind.
125
C5-^
ki{8)8himi jJL^y j-^>*L£», male of
a species of large antelope.
kishingida IjjUaL^, to recline or
^ ^ ^
sit on the ground with legs
crossed, the attitude for eating
or conversation.
kishirua \^j1jS9, thirst, A 66, D 66,
E 37 ; jin knshirua to feel thirst
(possibly derived from kishi
emulation and nm water).
ki8(8)i iy»^, pi. kissosi ^w y > »f> ,
fat.
ki8{8)oym£9y 1. to twist; 2. twisted;
3. hair worn by women in curls
down their cheeks ; maikisso
hair-dresser.
kita U^ or keta UU^, mischief,
cruelty, evil of any kind ; envy
F 8 ; possibly formed from ki,
q.v. ; maiketachi* worker of
evil.
kita'^ U£>, found B 58, on the
ground (?).
kitaha* v^*^> ^^- V^*^> book;
B 175 fin.'
kiwa^ loneliness; cf. kewa.
kiwo^^lS^, 1. to tend, watch cattle;
2. used intransitively of the
cattle, to feed, to graze.
kiiouya, refusal to work, etc. ; cf .
ki.
kiyale, see kiale,
kiyashi or kicishi ^^l^, small
red ants found in houses.
Myasi* ^^V^, Ar. ^\3, to mea-
sure by a rule or comparison,
D94,
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kiyau, see keau.
kiymiri covering of a door; cf.
kaure,
kiyauta^ see keauta,
kiyaya*, refusing, E24; cf. ki.
t ^
kiyaye ^l^^, 1. to keep care-
fully, to preserve ; kiyaye kan-
ka spare thyself, i.e. don't
trouble; 2. used to denote
ready obedience ; kiyaye ma-
gana to obey a command;
kiyayeni — suffer me ; maki-
yaye = eL shepherd.
kiyeya, envy, hatred, disHke; cf.
ki,
kiyo, see keau,
kizman* ^>«ji, Ar. j^J^, slander;
F 12 [or perhaps the better
reading here is gvrmankai da
zcmha as in E 26].
ko 3^, 1 . either, or, and in nega-
tive sentences, neither, nor ;
hence its use 2. as an inter-
rogative, e.g. mutum ya taffi
ko did the man go} here ko
is elliptic for ko ha hakka ha =
or is it not sol ko may also
precede the sentence or both
precede and follow it for the
sake of emphasis; 3. even, al-
though; A 66 hakkana kishi-
rua ko ya sha kogi hiar so too
he shall be thirsty though he
drink of ^vq streams; cf. koda
although.
ko 3^, indef. pronominal prefix
by which most erf the indefi-
nite pronouns and adverbs are
foraied from the interrogative,
126 ^^^
e.g. wa who? kowa anyone;
mi what 1 komi anything, etc. ;
kaka how, kokaka however;
yaushe when, koyauahe at any
time; ya/nzu now, koyanzu
immediately.
kohdodo ^>^«M or gohdodo ^>^J^,
a thorny bush.
kohdtca \^J^^ or gohdtta t^ju^,
the yolk of an egg.
kohri* or kuhri* Jt^^ found in
1. kohrin kaffa leg-bone; 2.
kohrin kofa door-post ; 3. used
with itache = a dried-up tree.
The forms ktvatiri j^9 and
kwahri ^L£>, pi. kwahruka
\£sj^\S», a withered or leafless
tree, are probably secondary
forms of kohri,
kohea or kopsa iwi { ^ or kohao
J J
3»»>»^, pod of nuts, beans, etc.
koda >^, though, although; B
112 koda or huda = when (?),
A 27; cf. ko,
koda h^9, a dried-up nut.
koda ^j^, to furbish or sharpen a
sword.
koda* or ktvoda b>^9 liver, kid-
ney (?).
kodai ^^^9 or kwadai ^J^,
iS^^^, 1. desire, longing,
eagerness for, appetite; 2.
membra privata ; m^akodaita,
q.v., covetous; maJcodaichi co-
vetousness.
kodi ^>^£», a top or anything
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127
JC^
spinning round ; makodi ^^^H^,
a ball ; dan kodi a small ball.
koenna Ut^^, anywhere, wher-
ever, everywhere.
kofa \k^. pi. kofafi ^^yt^,
1. hole for entrance, 2. door,
gate; E 19 maauzua ga kofo-
Jin hirmie those who frequent
the gates of the cities ; cf. seq.
kofara* jj^y, gate, F 236.
kofato yl4^9^ pi. kofatai 15^3^,
hoof.
kogi
i^-
pi. koguna \JLty^,
kogina \J^^^ and kogai tj^^^y
any large collection of water,
lake, large river A 66, ravine
through which any water flows ;
cf. kogo,
kogia, hook ; cf . kugiya,
kogo >^>^) hollow ; kogon itache
hollow of a tree ; den, etc. ; cf .
kogi,
kogua, hook ; cf . kugiya.
kogua* S^^y echo (?).
koi, egg', cf. kwoi,
koikoiyo ^^X^^^^, to imitate an-
other's pronunciation or ac-
tions.
koinya If^^, skull; koinyan kaiy
id.
koiya ^^^, to teach ; maikoiya
\^yt^ teacher, koiya ii^,
Utj^, teaching ; koiya na
shaitan the teaching of Satan,
D 19; koiyatva t^;^^, teach-
ing; cf. seq.
koiyo yi^^t to learn.
kokari ^jS^^^^ 1 . to try, attempt,
endeavour, A 2, 3, 26 ; 2. to
work diligently, cf. maikokari
one who endeavours, kokaru
^j^^y diligence, 'B\^ ku bada
kokarunku give diligence.
koki* i5^>^, female spider.
kokia* 1a^3^> * large tree which
bears red edible fruit, its leaves
are eaten by cattle.
koko 3£»^z>, a drink made from
the flour of gero beaten up in
a turumi and drunk hot, honey
being sometimes added.
^ J J
kokofa \^y^y^ or kohwafa
' ««' •J
v^t^i^, to canter.
J J J
kokwito yU-^3^9, 1. reasoning,
questioning, disputing, con-
tinued asking; 2. doubt, un-
certainty.
A;oA:m» t^^^^, fighting, wrestling,
exertion; yi kokua to wrestle,
fight, smite.
kokua t^£»^£», point, ridge, pin-
nacle.
kokulwa* \^ik>, skull; A 80;
cf. kolua,
kokwafa, see kokofa.
kol{l)e ^J^, small red pepper, the
plant grows to the height of
about two feet.
kolkot{t)a, a small insect ; cf . kwal-
kwat(t)a.
koUi, kullif kwalli or kwolli <Jl&,
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Ar. J^iT>, antimoDj or stib-
nite = the crrlfifii, or stibium of
the ancients; it is found in the
eastern parts of Hausaland.
Antimony powder, which has
a leaden grey colour, is much
used by Hausa women for
painting their eyebrows. It
has been so used from very
early times, cf. 2 Kings ix. 30
Jezebel ...* oculos ejus posuit
stibio'; cf. tozali.
koltta t^J», kolua tjii, kwalua
\^^ or kokulwa tyJCg», skull,
D 65 ; brains, A 80.
komaji^S^, ^>^) koma* U^, to
go back, return; B 143 tun
ha akoma ha until there be no
return, komawa \y ^y ^, re-
turning, komo >o>^, to re-
turn to where the speaker is,
to return here, to come back.
komowa tyo^£g, coming back.
koma* toj^^, used in compound
koman magana = the truth or
root of the matter.
koma* l«5^, net to catch fish =
raffa, which is used in Sokoto.
koma^ flea; cf. kuma.
komawa, returning; cf. koma.
komi ^yj9, >5^, anything,
everything, A 48; haJ?u komi =
nothing, so also ha komi or ha
komi ha, komine iyt*3^ =
komi with subst. verb ne, lit.
whatsoever it be, whatsoever.
komo, to return here; cf. koma.
kSj^
komtsa ll(K»f> or kwamsa U>^^,
mucus from the eyes.
kona or kuna* 0>^) M>^> kona*
\j^ or kone ^^^y 1. to burn,
to destroy by fire; pres. torwj
kona, F 11 4 ; pass, akona, F
156; 2. to burn with desire,
etc. ; zuchia ta kuna the
heart burned... ; 3. burning
desire, burning disease, konane
^\j^9, fem. konana UUj^^,
pi. konanu ^{jy^, burnt.
konama, scorpion; cf. kunama,
kondo, centre of thatched roof ;
cf . kwando,
kone, see kona,
konga, a plain; cf. kanga.
konga UU^, a knife ; cf . kangar.
kopsa, pod of ground-nut; cf. kohsa,
kora tj^J, Ar. ^Lsj^, baldness,
either that produced naturally
or by shaving.
kora \jyl^y kore \£^^ or koro
3j3^i to drive, to hurry, to
drive away; D 21 ya kora
kansa chikkin aaaha he hurries
himself to (the place of) pain ;
X 4 J
korowa S^^j^S^, driving away;
koro sauki to send help.
koram{m)a Ltj^^s, 1. a fast-flowing
stream, a torrent such as would
not be navigable by canoes ;
2. the ravine in which the
stream flows.
kore, see kora,
kore ^j^, long tobe of black or
dark shiny blue cloth.
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korhw ^j^y 1*. green; 2. medi-
cine for the eyes made from
powdered goat's skin.
kormot{t)o yUjS^, 1. to carry false
news, to tell tales against
another secretly; 2. to inter-
fere in a matter which doe^s
not concern one; cf. karam-
hani,
koro^ to drive, etc. ; cf . kora.
koroi'o ^j^j^iS^ or kcuroro ^j^j^^
a bag containing 20,000 cow-
ries, usually made of the leaves
of the tukunuz palm ; possibly
from Ar. ^, Heb. cor, Gr.
icdpo9 = a large dry measure ;
cf. kesu,
korto y>j^, fem. kortua \yJj£9y
prostitute.
kosa or kusa*, C^i>, an iron nail.
kosa ^^^, to be ripe.
kosai* ^^i L^-^^^j E 6 pass.
ankakosai he was driven away.
ko8a(8)8he, see koshi,
^ « J
kosfa or kwosfa lj,»A, pi. kosfofi
or hivosfofi ^^1^ (cf. (?) Ar.
^,.J^, dregs, crushed fruit,
etc.), 1. egg-shell, peel of fruits;
2. in pL, branching off of roads.
koshi ^^^£>, ^^^, 1. to be satis-
fied, to have enough, F 10 ;
2. used as n., a being satisfied,
satisfaction (esp. of appetite).
ko8a{8)8he ^ <* u^^ ^, pi. ko-
8a8{8ya J yj^, one who has
eaten enough, one who is satis-
fied. ko8hada* jj^^^, causa-
R.
129 \^^
tive form of koshi to feed to
satisfaction, to satisfy.
koshi* ^^^, compound of ko and
shi, found B 38, himself.
koshia lfla>g^, a wooden spoon.
kota \j^, handle, e.g. of a box.
kotafani^ shield; cf. kutufani,
kotakwana ^^O^^, Uj^j^^, to
leave off work till to-morrow,
to leave a thing as it is; yin
kotakwana, id.
kotama* \Xi^^, cousin or relation.
kotanchi or kwatanchi .a^^^^ 1 . to
compare, to liken to, to place
together; pass, akotanchi is
made like unto; 2. kotanchin
kaza about so much, kotanchin
hakka like this; cf. kutumshi
likeness, F 145. kotanta or
kwatanta CaZ2£^, 1. i.q. ko-
tanchi-, 2. to describe.
koto ^^, of a bird, to peck;
matkoto yi^Xt^ beak.
kotontawa tyU2&, to pay a second
time, to pay over again.
kotutura, stump of wood; cf. hu-
tutura»
kowa \^^i everyone, anyone, any;
hahu kowa or ha kowa no one.
kowane ^yjj^, fem. kowache
^"^^y^i indefinite pronoun
with subst. verb suffixed, 1.
anyone, everyone, whosoever
it may be; B 28 duba chikkinsu
kotoache fa kaka zaha look as
to which of them (f.) thou
9
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130
wilt choose ; 2. combined with
the pi. pers. pron. = each;
kovoa/aenmu each of us, kowa-
nenku each of you, kowa-
nensu each of them, kowanene
^jui^^i^, a strengthened form
oihowane with subst. v. suffixed.
kowainia* 0>^» finger-ring.
kovm^ see kauye.
koya^ to teach; cf. koiya,
koyanzu ^JJ^j^ (compound of ko
even, and yanzu), even now,
now, immediately.
koyaitshe ^^>{>^) at any time,
always ; cf . kulyaushe,
koyo, to learn ; cf . koiyo.
kozo jjj>^ (cf . Ar. ^^9 a kettle-
drum), a kind of drum held
under the arm; it is covered
with skin in front, but is open
behind.
kozozohe ^^jJJ>=>> 1- course or
hollow of a stream ; 2. a deep
ravine without water.
ku iJ, >&, 2nd pers. pron. pi. used
1. as separate emphatic pron.,
e.g. ku kun taffi you, you went
away, thus standing to 2. in
the same relation as the sing.
kai to ka; 2. used as a prefixed
and suffixed pron. in the same
ways and senses as the sing.
kay q. V. ; for use of -wA?u your,
cf. Gr. p. 17.
kua ^, i^, too, also, likewise ;
it follows as an enclitic the
word to which it more particu-
larly refers, e.g. ni kua ni
shigga I too shall enter, E 37,
F 105.
kubaka i^>^, cord round waist of
trousers.
kubche j^i*fi», to slip or drop out
of one's hands; cf. gvbchi,
huhe ^^y sheath for knife or
sword.
hahey to mix; cf. kwabe,
kubewa \y>^, small kind of gourd,
esp. used in making mia; cf.
kahewa (= large gourd).
hihli ^j!A> (cf. Ar. Jii, bolt), to
lock, lock up; makubli or
maktd(l)i* key, button, kubli
J^, ^X^^ or kulli J^y a
knot.
kubri^y used with itache, a dried-
up tree ; cf . kobri.
kububtm \y^yt^y a snake, live or
six feet long, with black and
white spots.
kucJia ^^y U£5 or kuza J.&, to
rush or fall down.
kuda*. when? cf. koda,
kuda \jA, hidi jAy kuje i5i^>»,
pi. hvid{d)a8he ^tiSjJ^y ha-
d{d)aje ^U^ (cf. Ar. pi.
^IJJ, stinging insects), com-
mon house-fly ; kuddan gerke a
small sand-fly.
kudahi ^jAy a species of sweet
potato {dankali).
kudiy see kuda,
kudi*y money; cf. kurdi,
kudira* (jji, Ar. jji, destiny.
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JL^
131
^
will of God J F 137 fa kudira
ta gabato talikai duk and the
will of God shall bring together
all creatures.
kvdu ju£» or kua{d)u8 ^jlA,
south; also used adverbially,
e.g. ya taffi kudu he went
south, G 2 1.1, G 4 1.15.
kududif{f)i^ cistern ; cf. kurdti-
du{f)L
kududura* tj^ju^, a small knife
used by women.
knduji 9>a3, a plant about two
feet high, grows amongst davxiy
a medicine made from it.
kudumbia C^jA, the cracking of
skin in the under-joints of toes ;
cf . ha/mhudiga,
kudunia IjJ^ji^, range of hills;
hill, mountain.
J * J
kuduru ^jjA, broken blade of
a sword or knife.
kud{d)u8, south; cf. kudu.
ruins of a place, a desolated
or dilapidated town, etc.
^»^3
kufanwa* \y^i funeral, C15; cf.
kafan (shroud), likafanL
kufie(e)a Ua^ or ku/ut{t)a Ua£»,
pi. kufittad ^>£r» or kufui(t)ai
6 4» 3 J
^Za^, 1*. sandal; 2. long
riding-boot with spurs.
kufu, lungs; ct/u/u,
kujuli* ^J^A^, to extinguish a
fire or light.
kufut(t)a, see hifit(t)a.
^^Ssy to roar, used of wild
animals, etc.
kugiya or kogia jiifc^^ or kogua
t^^, pi. kugiyoyi ^^^^,
hook, clasp.
» »»3 » i S
kuikui ^J^J, kukui ^^, a disease
in women somewhat similar to
elephantiasis.
kuje*, a fly; cf. kuda.
kuka i£»^i&, Kanuri id., adan-
sonia digitata = baobab or mon-
key-bread tree. "The Hausas
eat its fruit and use its leaves
for making soup. It does not
grow to any great height, btit
has often a girth of 60 to 70 ft.
The word kuka is also applied
to the seeds of the dorowa tree;
cf. dodotva,
kuka l£»^i», cry, lamentation; yin
kuka to cry, raise a cry, howl,
low, etc., of men and animals,
e.g. aania tana kuka the cow
lows (ruri is used of the bull),
of the camel, the cat, of Dodo,
etc. ; A 4 rana ya ke kuka da
ruri maiyatjoa it will be a day
of lamentation and much cry-
ing.
kuka <iX^, pers. pron. 2nd pers.
pL used to denote the perfect
tense; kuka zo you have come.
kukarukuy to crow ; i.q. kakaruko,
q.v.
kuku yC^, an edible fish, six inches
long, with sharp scales on its
back.
9—2
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132
hiihui*^ a swelling on the body;
cf . kuikui,
huhihi fjSi^, a tree, the fruit of
which forms small calabashes ;
from its bark is made a medi-
cine for men and cattle.
kukuma Uj^^^, a musical in-
strument played by rubbing
on it.
kukumiy a man with his hands
tied to his neck; cf. kunkumi,
ktU*, if, when; cf. ku/r.
hd{l)a %L, 1. to care for, heed,
be concerned about, used abso-
lutely (B 90) or with direct
ace. or with ch or ga; 2. to
care fgr in the sense of to
covet, e.g. C 52 bai kuUa ha ga
dunia he cared not for the mer-
chandise of the earth. hal(f)ata
OV^) * secondary form of
kul{l)a, to care for, e.g. B 29
ku aan ha shi hdlata da dunia
ha he cares not, as you know,
for the earth; see also B 30.
kal{l)i* J&>, ^J^, intention,
e.g. ina da kullin taffia or na
kulla taffia I think of going.
kalba* 0^, a species of lizard.
kul{l)i, see kul(l)a,
kulika8{s)a LJxL, shamelessness.
kidki JjA, pi. ^"^^ a stick,
F 107.
hdli, see kublL
hulls antimony; cf. kollL
kul{l)u* J&>y Ar. ji>, all, A 5;
cf. kui(l)um.
kulu^^, pi. kulayi ^^9 wale
made by a whip.
ktUu^yi^, 1. froth skimmed from
the top in the making of bread
or niassa cakes ; 2. leaven.
ktjd{l)um^jA [originally borrowed
from the Ar.^^ J^ = e\ery
day], 1. always, constantly;
hence 2. used with other ex-
pressions of time, every, e.g.
kuUum safe every morning,
kullum dere every night, B 88 ;
cf. kulyauahe.
kulume ^^J^, an edible fish with
red tail, about fifteen inches
long.
hdyauahe* ^y^S^, always; cf.
kul{l)u and yaushe and koyau-
she.
kuma U^, ^^, again. At D 49
the word is found repeated in
a comp. ankuma kiima prob. =
over again, in any way, by any
means.
kuma or koma l^, flea.
Icuma C^, a flat fish with reddish
snout.
kumachi ^^^2^, a black snake
.about fourteen inches long.
kumakum{m)i ^^£^^, a horse-
man's armour made of iron.
kumama UL^^, weak, infirm,
feeble, kumamanchi »^<iUlo^,
1. weakness, infirmity, feeble-
ness; 2. what is trying or
troublesome.
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u^
133
kum(7n)atu, see kuinchi.
^»J ^ 9 J
kumba l«J^, W^> pi* kuitibuna
Um^ and kumbai ij^^i ^•
finger-nail, scales of a fish;
2. an edible shell-fish sold in
the markets.
t 9 J
kumbe or kwuinbe ^yL£», fashion
of shaving the front part of
the head only; the heathen
custom of leaving a tuft on top
of head.
kumhu ysi^st (cf. (1) Ar. ^y>i,
calices of flowers), 1. a small
calabash ; 2. round object ap-
plied to anything; cf. ahem-
kumhuy rumbua, and seqq.
kawbuchi ^^^'^s^t %^*,^^, rough
or hasty plaiting or doing up
of a woman's hair.
kumburata^y see kumbure,
kumbure ^j, ^.^ f> or kuirwun
^j^JjS^, to swell ; kumburavm
S^Sy^Ji&y swelling with pnde;
F 30 kana kiimburawa thou
art proud; kumburcUa Ot;»y ^ ,
swollen with calamity.
kumclie*, narrowed ; cf. kumfata
and (?) kumchi forest.
kumchi %^ ^ , ^^^^, pi. kum-
(m)atu y»lo^, cheek.
kumchi %t^>» ^ or kumshi ^t^^,
dense forest.
A^t^mta, see kumya,
kumkumia* le^X^f^, a poisonous
species of euphorbia tree about
two feet high.
himolo ^3»^, qualm or famtness
arising from lack of food, esp.
in the morning.
kumshi, see kumchi,
kumso* 3i»»^, to hide anything.
kumtata UZ»f>, to make narrow
A 67. kamche* ^^^, narrow,
tightened ; cf . (1) kunkurUa,
kum,ya or A^t^mia Ij^^f't, shame,
bashf ulness, good mannei^ji ;
rcwAm kwmya want of good
manners or of sense of pro-
priety. «a, 6a and 6a{ia himya
to put to shame ; jin kumya to
feel shame, to be ashamed ; ba
ahi da kwmya ba he has no
sense of shame. F 115 ma,mi'
zina 8U ka kumya those who
sin will be put to shame.
kuna^ to bum ; cf. kona,
kuna* 0>^) ^' constr. with dagga,
to have no fear of God, to be
wicked.
kmiam>a or konamxi t«U^ or ku-
nami ^L^^, pi. kunamai
9 ^ ^ J
^^••U^, scorpion, F 109.
I •J
kunche or kwanche ^^<U£ » . or kun-
chi* i*ii^, to untie, loosen;
C 11 ya kunchi kaya ga fili
dunia he unties his goods on
the plain of this world, ku/nche
|JU^, fern, kunchia lyU^^, pi.
kuntu y i^y pass, particip. pass,
of prec., untied, loosened, mai-
kunche a wrestler; stjmche, q.v..
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t^^
134
>f^
is apparently another form of
the same word.
hmideg{g)e, ktvondeg{g)e ^^ju3,
armlets, F 225; cf. kar{r)o,
harafa.
kundi ^jj£9y a book of any kind.
kundu* jjU^, used with t/i, of
an arrow, to miss.
kundttdu/(/)i, a pond ; cf. hu/rdu-
du/i/)i.
kunduma UjUfe, with yi, 1. to
topple over, B 150 ha ni yi
hwndwma en fada ha I will
not topple over so as to fall;
2. to dip the head in water;
cf . (?) seq.
handwmi ^^jU&, the pond on
the outside of paradise; cf.
D 76 note.
S 9 J
kundumi ^^ jk X ^, 1. baldness
caused by shaving off' the hair;
2. to cut off all the hair.
kune j^5-» or kunne 15-^, pi.
kunuwa Sy>^^ 1. ear, ¥ 7 ka
kakartsa kunuwa give atten-
tion with your ears, A 6;
2. kun(n)en itache = leaves.
kunfa Ua£», foam.
ku7ikeli* ^JU£;£», a small shield.
" ' J » J
kunkumi j^^x.^.£> or kuntumi
^^ii7;^, a rich merchant.
kunkumi ^.q, v ' ^•^ or kukuini
yj^S£ s* y a man with his hands
tied to his neck.
hinkunta cul£;£», narrow, used
of a doorway ; cf . (?) kumtata.
kunkuru ^jXi^^j tortoise, turtle.
kunsa* ^.r-^, to fold up; cf. (?)
kumtata.
kunshia*, sleep, F 75 ; cf. kwana.
kuntavja, see kwantatoa,
kuntukuro jjpSu£>, a player on the
kalango drum.
kunttmii^ a merchant; cf. kwnhumi,
kuntuna* {jyH^, found in pass.
akuntuna opened, D 63.
kwnu yi^^y gruel make of guinea-
corn, rice, etc.
* *-* •■» ,
kwr* jS^ or kftd* J»^, if, when,
e.g. A^tAT anka^lie masa if it be
said to him, C 7.
kura Sj^^y pi. kuraye ^tjj^,
hyena; B 149 tna gani sarai
kura gata I see distinctly,
there is the hyena.
kura tj^^, dust.
kura \j^»y gain, profit, esp. unlaw-
ful gain, overcharging, cheat-
ing, chi kura to make unlawful
gain; F 201 ^a dUlalai fa
ma>8uriha da kura and the
brokers who have made unjust
profits, i.e. who keep back
money for things sold.
kurada b{/^> pi. kv/radai ^3t^£»,
a small round hatchet used
for cutting grass for horses,
etc. = mumta/raga,
kurafu ^ >^, hirfu ^ji or karfu*
^j», pi. karfuna* U^ji (Ka-
nuri ka/rafi hide), 1. a whip
made of skin, D41 ; 2. flogging,
yin kurfu to flog, mu yi masa
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oV
135
karfu they flogged him ; 3. a
horse-girdle made of cloth.
kuran 0^i)^f -^^- 0!>^» *"® Koran,
F26.
kurar{r)i j^i>^, threatening; y%n
kurarri to threaten = bada
tsoro,
kurba ^j^ or kurbata Wj£», to
sip.
kmxhia, dove ; cf . kurichia,
kurdafi ^^j^, very small black
ants.
kurdi ^3>-^ (frequently pro-
nounced kudi), used as a pi.
of ijia and vmri, 1. cowries
(kawara and alkavjara are also
used in the same sense); 2.
used generally for money of
any kind; 3. price, e.g. kti/r-
dinsa nataa what is the price
of it? kurdinsa ya issa it is
enough for it; ba shi kurdi
it is not dear, kurdin kasa
tribute, taxes.
J
kurdi* \jyf^, a small biting in-
sect found in mats, etc.
kurdudu/{/)i ^^33j-^, ^?wc?«^-
dif{f)i ^>S^ or kundu-
du/(/)i ^^J^, a large pond
of water in a town, a large
cistern; cf. bingi.
kurdugo j^jj^, the fruit of the
giginia palm.
kurege ^Jujjyk^, pi. ku/ragai
^\j^y jerboa (dipus), Ar.
py^ji^ the length of its body
is about eight inches, of its
tail ten inches; it progresses by
a series of jumps; it burrows
in the ground and feeds chiefly
on grain; cf. Browning, *Saul,'
VI. 5, "half-bird half-mouse."
kurfu^ a whip ; cf . kurafu,
kuri j^j>^ or kwuriya ^j^
(Ar. ©Ji, to beat a drum), a
sort of stringed drum, open at
one end, used in war or for
signalling.
kuria U>i, Ar. ift^i, dice, lots;
yin kuria to draw lots; jefa
kuria to throw with dice or
with cowrie shells used as dice.
kurichia* Q>^, ^t^ or kunichia
Qj^, 1. child, applied to one
of any age from ten to thirty
years, B 116 dadai kurichia
na kareta did a young man
ever drive death away? 2.
childishness = hallin yaro,
kurichia Wj*^, ph kurichecheki
^JLkH M ijJSs and kwrchiyoyi
i^iyt^j^i dove, turtle-dove.
kurikia U^ji or ku/rkia \^j^
(0 18), pi. hurikoki ^^^%i,
virgin = budwnm,
kurimi ^j^ or kurmi ^j^^
dense forest.
kur^i •yi* (pi. huroQi ^j^\^\
kur^i ^^j^ (pl. kurareji
j^^^HJL^^)' ^'^^^^ 4^» ^^^^
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^j^ 136
\JT^' kJT^^ (possibly from
Ar. rt *-ji, to be scabby),
1. scab, boil, esp. on dogs and
horses, itch; 2. lice (1), mai-
kurji one who has the itch;
cf. gushagttshi,
9 J
kurki ^jSs^j^, a bird like a crane.
kurkia, virgin; cf. kurikia.
kurkono ^JJsjS^ or kurukunu
y>^j£9y guinea-worm.
J* J
kurkuku ^x£>^, dungeon, prison.
^ i 6 J
hurhira* j^j^^, to scrape any-
thing, e.g. with a stone.
kurkura*^ to err, to fail; cf. kv^-
kure.
kurkurkur j^j^ji, wide -opened,
B 32 note; cf. kirkira,
kurkwiyo, youngling ; cf . kunkuyo,
kurmi, see kurimi.
kurmus ^.^MiO^i, adverbial expres-
sion, * burnt all over,' F 207 ;
wuta ta kone kurrmus the fire
burnt it up completely.
kuma Uj^, pi. ^^jk^ (Kanuri
kurna^ Fulah kurnahi), zizy-
phus spina Christi, a large
tree of bushy appearance with
small leaves and red edible
berries.
kurtuyijS^, calabash about twelve
inches high with long narrow
neck, used as water-bottle.
kurtuim ^^j^j^, pi. kurtumai
^^^j^, ox or bullock.
bJA^^
hum ^j^r^, a pony; doki kuru^ id.
kurUy in silence ; cf . kv/rum,
^ J 3
kuma tji/^, 1. soul, spirit; 2.
echo; cf. kuruma,
kv/nichiay childishness; cf. kuri-
chia.
km'ufi* tjij>^, an iron chisel;
probably a corruption of karifi,
q.v.
^ J0JJJ
kumgunguma IoaX^;^, pi. kui^i-
gimgumai ^^klcj^, a black-
winged insect which lives a-
mongst the guinea-corn.
kuruki ^^^, a small cane, such
as that carried by a soldier.
kurukunu, guinea- worm ; cf. kur-
kono.
t J J J
kurukure ^^j^jS^, to throw out
water from the mouth.
kurumjijS^, silence, e.g. D94mi^
7ta kurum we keep silence ; yin
kurum/\d, A^ri^^^, in silence;
D29 abersu kum let them be
left alone, i.e. let no one speak
to them ; cf . (?) seq.
kui'uma U|», pi. kurumai ij^j^,
1. one who is deaf; 2. to be
9 J J
deaf, kurumchi k^^^j^y and
kummta wU|^, deafness; shina
da kurumchi he is de^f .
kurungu >iJ>^, an edible fish
with large broad head.
hwruma \^j^j£9, 1. a cry, scream;
yin kururua to cry, B 96 ; 2.
complaint, grievance; 3. echo;
cf. kurua^ id.
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^ttjiuttj^
137
hjyt^^
9 JJ0 J J
kuruskurus ^jJuij^, edible root of
small plant used in making
tico,
kusa, nail; cf. kosa.
ktL8{8)a L»£», J-»£^, near, nearly;
da hissa near at hand ; kvMa
da or kuaaa ga near to, yin
kussa to be or draw near, ya
yi kussa kare or ya kuasa kare
it is nearly finished, kussa
kuasa = very near. ku8{8)awa
^ ^ *
I^mA, drawing near. kii8(8)ata
OL»£> or ku8{8)anta C%m»^,
to be or to draw near, su
kussata en yi hakka they were
about to act thus. kus(8)ache
^Lȣ>, id. hii8(8)atowa tyu^,
coming near.
ku8{8)ache^ see ku8{8)a,
ku8€mchi, to condemn; cf. kushe,
ku8{8)cUa, see ku8{8)a.
kusato, see kuahe,
kti8(8)atotaa, coming near; cf.
kys(8)a,
ku88awa, see ku8(8)a.
Jeu8he* ly^y^, l^^ (cf. (?) Ar.
^laL^, to be anxious), to attri-
bute evil to one who is doing
good, kusanchi ^J^^^, to
condemn, kusato yfC^^, to
murmur against.
hushekuaheya* ljhJtXw^£>, itching
sore on hand or foot (?); F 106
8una dirkcmka ha/r kushekuahe-
ya they will beat thee till thou
art sore [possibly the reading
should be Ikar ka tuuahe (i.e.
vmche) kusheya till thou go
forth from the tomb],
lj-JL£>, Ar. |^>^, chair,
bench, stool.
hushewa tyLhA or kibsheya* ij^JL^,
pi. kuaheyi ^^t-^'*^ ^, grave,
tomb ; tvurin kvshevxi or wurin
kuaheyi burying-place ; D 38,
F 63, 95, 102, 106 ; wurin hi-
aheuKby F 86. For use of ka-
slieya cf . note on kualiekuahsya,
kushinta''^, to drive away; cf.
kaskasta,
kfuakure ^j CJLfr> or kurkv/ra
- * » J
j^^J^, 1. to miss, of an
arrow to miss or fail to hit the
mark; 2. to fail to keep a pro-
mise, then to fail in duty, to
err; D 4 kadda mu kurkura
let us not fail, i.e. in our duty.
ku8ku8* i^^Jum^, Ar. ^^^Jum^, cus-
cus (a north African native
dish made of macaroni, etc.
not known in Hausaland).
J J J J
ku8U y^_^J^y ^^^, pi. kusai
• ^ J
^^^^, a kind of mouse; cl
ku8umbi8(8)a,
J J J
kusugu* jAmA, anything small or
insignificant (?).
^ * J
ku8U7nbi8{8)a Lma^^^^, i.e. ktisu
and bi8(8)ay squirrel,
^ J J » J J
ku8umburua S^jy, o f^^, a reed
growing amongst the guinea-
corn and like it in appearance ;
not edible ; flutes are made of
it.
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bj>*^
138
^^
kusurua tjj^,.!,^, pi. hisuroyi
L5pj>^» c^- Ar.jIi»,corner3
ku8uruanhanuQ\how] another
form is auA^rt^.
kutanchi, see kotanchi.
^ ^ *
kutara* tjU&, a beam for pumping
water with, D 16 ; shina takura
kamal kutara he falls down
like the beam for pumping
water.
hutofi ^A^, bead necklace worn
by women.
kutu y^t a small tree-lizard, its
bite is said to cause leprosy,
= gogwwari \ cf . kuturu,
^ J $
kutufani ^jLaJL^ or kotafaai
^JuLjyA^, pi. kutufan{n)ai
^jjCJ^, round shield made of
skin.
Ajw^t^wwAi* j.A»-o^> likeness, F145
for kotanchi.
kutunku* yKiZ^, male camel =
anicUi,
9 J JO J J
kut{t)up kut{t)up ^^jUIXCSd, totter-
ing, applied to the walk of the
' old or blind.
kuturu ^j^^ pi. kutare (^jufi>,
1. leper; 2. applied to gero =
blighted, kuturchi ^y& or
^ d J -»
kuturta U/ J !^, leprosy; cf.
kutu,
^ i » i
kututura or kotutura \j 2 2^ or
kuturtura \yy!£9, 1. stump of
a tree, branch with leaves cut
off; 2. stubble.
htiwa \^^^, cry.
kuycmga or kwiyanga MlmJ^^ pi.
kuyangai ^jka^, used as fem.
of bauHi = a female slave ; the
plural is used of slaves of both
sexes.
kuyiwa or kivmya, refusal ; cf . ki.
kuza, to rush ; cf . kucha,
ktva, also ; cf. kua.
hwaha v>^ ^^ kwohe* ir^^t
to reprove, blame, check.
Si I J
kwohe iwl^ or kuhe , «-^>^ or
kwaha V>^' V^) ^ ^^^'
A 76 kam ha rua kwahe kasan-
ka ya shekare if there is no
water to mix with it, your
earth is dry. Pass, akwaha
^^\ F 96.
6 3 , © *-
kwabri ^j^^^, kwaurt ^^j^lS^, pi.
^ J 6 J
kwabruka, kwobruka l^j,^^,
withered leafless tree; cf. kobri,
kwache Ji^, ^k>, Ji\k (A50)
or kwashe i^^y 1. to take
away by force, to snatch ; A
50 sa/rki da ke kwa>che da tsor
limchi duka the king who
seized everything by deceit;
2. to rescue, deliver ; 3. booty,
also abin kwache; maikwachewa
one who snatches away, B69.
kwaao y^^^^ to snatch.
kwachia* Ui^, 0>^> calabash,
finger-basin = kworia,
kuxidai, longing for ; cf . kodai.
kwado j^^i pi- c5A^A>^» ^*"-
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1^^
139
t3*^
kwagua \ykj^^ pincers ; c£. (?)
kugiya hook.
kwake ^^^^, fading away, as of
a dyed garment; kwaki ^^y^y
adj., fading.
kwakia l^^^, a long, slender,
light-coloured snake.
^ » J
kwaktva tyC£>, elaeis guineensis,
oil palm tree ; main ja = the
oil obtained from it. The oil is
expressed from its seeds or nuts
which grow in large clusters.
It is largely used as food by
the Hausas.
^ » J
kwakwari* ^yC^, place or hole
made for horses' dung, etc.
kwakwata U^X^, 1. a fine white
robe used esp. by the Nup6s ;
2. slit for head or sleeves in a
gown ; 3. inside shirt with
pleats.
kwalfa v^aX^, to draw water.
kwalkwa8{8)a, travelling ants; cf.
kwarikwassa.
kwalkwatta, small white insect;
cf. kwarkwatta.
kwalli, antimony ; cf. koUi,
kwalva, skull; cf. kolua,
kwamin ^>^L^, in compound
kwamin vmta, restoration of a
fire nearly gone out.
kwamsa, mucus from the eyes;
cf. komtsa.
kwana U^^, phkwanaki ^^s\j^^,
kwanuka Uuj^^ the 24 hours
of day and night, day. The
sing, fonn is frequently used
instead of the plural, e.g.
kwana fudu four days, kwana
O^^i ^ P^ss the night, to sleep,
to lie down to sleep, B 53 ; an-
kwanda rua the night has been
passed in the rain, kwanandaga
UjUi^, to march during the
night in time of war. kwanche
^y^^y to lie down, to sleep,
to rest, B 58 note, ktuankwan-
die ^JUx^Ay id. maJcwanche
^^A*Xd, a place to lie down in,
a burial place, kwanta C^U^,
to lie down to sleep, to pass
the night; also causat. to lay
down. kvyantawa tjl 2 X ^,
lying down ; F 63 A» san kai
dai ka kwcmtawar kuahewa
thou knowest that thou shalt
lie down alone in the tomb.
kwantasda juJU£», to allay.
kwanto yJSst, lyii^g in wait,
ambush, kunshia* or kwan-
shia* (fJLi^, F 75 sleep.
ktvanche, to untie ; cf . kunche.
kwanda tjU^, a cup inverted on
a reed in a field as a charm
against thieves, the sight of
it is supposed to cause the
thief's hands to drop off.
kwando or kondo ^ ju£», the centre
inside a thatch roof where the
reeds meet together.
kwangi ^yu^, a sort of cane or
bamboo.
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c^JCx^
uo
3J^
kwankwassa ^^mV ; ^, L^Lii, to
knock at a door ; cf. (?) hwari-
ktuasa,
kwanta, see kwana,
kwantasda^f to allay ; cf . kwana,
kwantawa, lying down ; cf. kwana,
kwa/ntOy lying in wait ; cf . kwana.
kwanya V*^, found in the com-
pound kwa/nyan kune wax f ro^
the ear.
kwara \j^y grain, fruit, or ker-
nel.
kwa/r{r)a ij^, choking from swal-
lowing anything.
kwarai ^j^, rightly, properly;
na ji kwarai I understood
aright; nakwarai^ f. takwarai
correct, proper.
kwaraktvaraorkworakwora \j£s>j£9,
female slave in a house.
kwa/re ^j^ or kwari ^j^, to
peel, strip, bark, skin, kwaro
^j^i strips of black leather
worn round the neck and
hanging in front. kwoA'ia
Hj^i s^rip of cloth, etc.; cf.
(?) hare,
kwariche tJ^j^y poison given in
food = sammu.
ktmrika ^j^ or kwaraka ^j^,
to be ravenous or greedy;
maikwa/rika one who lives by
begging food, a parasite.
kwarikwassa Im*£»^£», a hammer.
kwarikwassa [mSsj^^, kwalkwa>8{8)a
LmuXJL^ or kwarukwassa
lL^j£9, a large black ant,
usually called the travelling
or driver ant; it travels in
columns and feeds only on
living creatures. For descrip-
tion of its habits cf. 'Hausa-
land,' pp. 96, 164.
^ J J
kwarkw(U(t)a [ 2(h^ ^ or kuxd-
kwat{t)a or koikot{t)a Uil£»,
a minute white insect in clothes,
etc., louse (?).
kwarrm l<«^, pi. kwarmu y^^y
socket, hole, joint of scissors,
etc.
kwaro ^j^^, pi. kwari ^j^£9,
a black moth.
kwaro, strips of black leather ; cf .
kvoa/re,
kwaruktoa>88a, ants ; cf . kwari-
kwassa,
» » *
ktiHwuru* ^jjS^, a large nut, simi-
lar in appearance to a ground
nut, growing on a low bush ;
its name in Zaria and amongst
the Nup^ is yard da daria,
i.e. laughing boy.
ktvasaktoasa IimC,^, pelican (?).
hivasfa, shell ; cf. kosfa,
kwashe, to snatch ; cf . kvxiche,
kfwasOy i. q. prec. ; cf . kwache.
kwatanta, see kotanta,
kwauri*, dried trunk of a tree ;' cf .
kwahri,
kwaya U^.^, t n f^, found in
comp. kwayan ido ball of the
eye, kwayan gero, ahinkaffa^
etc. ear, fruit.
kwazo ^J>^) diligently.
Digitized by
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kwibi 15/3^ or l<M^^, side of the
body.
kwihiyo yfS£s or hurhwiyo y^^j.^^
pL kwihiye ^^^J^, youngling,
young of animals.
kwUki* JM^X^f in comp. kvnlkin
kofa = doorstep ; cf . (?) kuZhi.
kuuiya l^, ridges in a field.
kwiyanga, female slave; cf. ku-
yanga,
kioobe*, to rebuke ; cf . kwaba,
kwobruka or kwahruka, withered
branches ; plural of ktvabri, q.v.
ktvochia Its^, raised part or peak
of a saddle, kwochia gahha the
front peak, kwochia baya the
hind peak.
kwoda, liver; cf. koda,
kwodoki* ^^^j^^£9, strong vigo-
rous man.
kwoi or koi ^^^ pi. kwoinyaye
L^tt'^y^i ^^ ®gg y ^j^ kwoi used
of a bird, to lay eggs, kwoin
kifi pearls.
kwdkwoli ^jJj^, helmet.
kwoUi, antimony; cf. kolli.
kwomo >o>^) small bean eaten by
horses.
kwonda joSd, to bring back or
restore.
kwondeg{g)ey armlets ; cf. kun-
deg{g)e.
*• * ^ J
kwonderiya bjjU^, large wooden
141
t>J^
hookj sometimes used for catch-
ing fish.
kwora or kwara 1/-^ or man
kwora^ the Hausa name of the
river Niger.
kworakwora, female slave ; cf .
kvxx/rakwara,
s
kwori ^j3&, furrow or depres-
sion in ground.
kwori ^j^S9, quiver, in Hausa-
land usually made of wood
and covered with skin ; kworin
kibia quiver for arrows ; cf .
seq.
kworia or koria ^jy^, cucurbita
lagenaria, gourd ; cups or cala-
bashes are made from it; cf.
gora,
kwomo >>^) the husks of guinea
com.
kujoromi* i^^jy^, found in mai-
kworomi one with sunken eyes.
kwosfqfi, egg-shells, pi. of kosfa, q.v.
kwosvMt J 13^, a second annual
crop of indigo (bdba) ; it is
regarded as better than the
first.
kwot{t)ana tU^, string of beads
worn by women round the
loins.
kwozo ^^^^ a toad (kwado) with a
swelling on its back, i.e. a sick
toad.
kurumbe, baldness ; cf . kumbe,
kwungwra* {/»*£», a large oblong
shield like that of a Zulu.
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142
tjJ
kwuriya, a stringed drum ; cf . kuri.
kyanwa, cat; cf. kenwa.
kyau^ see keau,
kyetUy a flint ; cf . ketu.
The letter J is used by the Hausas
to represent the sound of the
English I. In a few instances
the Ar. ^ (i.e. a sort of modi-
fied d) is pronounced by the
Hausas as I; in these cases it
is written I, but the sound does
not differ from J I; ct /vlulu
from Ar. ^yo^, lullo from Ar.
yS^, In the last case and in
the case of many other words
beginning with ^, the initial
letter represents the Arabic
article, e.g. lahari from Ar.
ji^, laifi from Ar. %^%fj^. I is
interchanged with s and r, and
perhaps with m; cf. haled,
Jialaa; fasali, fctsara; linker
minka,
laane ^yJfi, fem. Icuma \iM), pi.
laanu y^, cf. Ar. ^Jm^, 1.
cursed, accursed, reprobate ;
kai laana a curse be upon thee !
2. worthless, idle; cf. Idinu.
lodsar jimjU, laa§ar ycji^ (cf. Ar.
* ^ ^
^*^^, day or night), afternoon,
esp. applied to the time about
6 p.m. ; cf. Gr. p. 64. The
initial letter represents the
Arabic article; cf. also seq.
lahdri j^jW*9> jW*^? Ar. j^ with
art., news, message, G 7 ; ^
ha/rin dunia, lit. news of the
world. When two Hausas
meet their first question usually
is enna lahari or eriTia Idbarin
dunia ? na ji laharinka I
heard news of you. laherta
C^^, to publish news, with
ace. to publish news of; cf.
haherfa, id.
lahda tjL^, 1. a load, esp. applied
to a load put on camels, etc.;
2. ju), to put a saddle on, to
pack up a load, lahche ^_^,
particip.form from Zo^c^, laden,
loaded (cf. Ar. ji*], saddle-
cloth).
laherta^ see lahdri,
lahudda* I J^*^, Ar. jkj% certainly,
to be sure, no doubt, just so.
lada* l3^J, cf. Ar. rt 3^, the man
who calls to prayer, the mu-
ezzin, ie. Ar. ^5t.
lada l3'>), Ar. S^^, 1. wages, pay-
ment ; 2. recompense, reward ;
E 14 A:u same lada you will
receive a reward ; cf . seq.
lad{d)a tjJ, a form of prec., 1.
wages; 2. special discount, a
broker*s commission. The usual
commission paid to the broker,
through whom almost every
bargain in a Hausa market is
made, is 5 p.c. on the amount
involved. If a man sells any-
thing ladda woje (lit. discount
outside) he receives the whole
of the money paid and the
buyer pays the market fee or
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^^
U3
^
broker'scommission; if however
the transaction is concluded
ladda chikki (lit. discount with-
in) the seller pays the com-
mission.
lad{d)ahi* ^j-^jJ (cf. Ar. ^>l,
liberal education), 1. education,
e.g. B 37 laddahi gasMa a true
education; D 33 en hun aamu
yaya hi nema laddabi garesu
if you have children seek in-
struction for them ; 2. lowli-
ness, humility, submission.
kbddma* LotjJ, grief, remorse;
apparently a form of nadama^
q.v.
lafafa*^ see lafia,
Ictfi ^^ or lafe ^'9, hem, edge ;
lafen zcme edge of cloth.
lafia {^*^y Ar. a^U, health, i.e.
good health, B 62 ; yin lafia to
be in good health ; common in
salutations, kana lafia are you
well 1 sai lafia or lafi^a lau quite
well ; adverbially e.g. ya komo
lafia he came back here well,
or safely, ya samu lafi^i he re-
covered his health. lafafa*
l?l?'>), prosperity; B46 allah
shi hamnu kwana lafafa may
God grant us days of prosperity.
lahadi ^JJ^mJ^, Ar. j^».*>)t ^^,
Sunday, lit. the first day.
lahani ly^t blemish, defect ; la-
haniga ido a blemish in the eye.
lahira U^*^, Ar. S^^^t, the future
state including both heaven
and hell, A 7, 33.
lai* Jj, see lau,
laifa* v^, to condemn ; cf . seq.
^i^ v^ ^^^> ^^' S*d^ ^i^h ^^-j
that which is wrong, sin, guilt;
yin laifi to do wrong, bada laifi
or lai/a to condemn, babu laifi
there is no harm in it.
Zai/J* . -^e*), Ar. ^^usLia, found in
C 1, weak ; cf. note, ad loc.
Mnu* CH*^i ^^' O^f found
in D 22, the wicked; cf. laane.
lajibi ^^jfc.!fc), Ar. ^•<a^S> with art. ;
cf. D 90, wonderful ; cf. ajaba.
laka ^*^, mire, mud.
lakhiray see lahira,
hdaha IJL), the act of fondling;
B 144 dunia ta kan yi lalaha
the world, it would fondle
(you), lalahe <«t^, to feel,
grope, search with the hand for
something, lalahawa* t^lJlJ,
participial form, found in pas-
sive, F 96 ana kuma lalabawa
it (is) kneaded up again.
lalacheway perishing; cf. lalata,
lalachiy to perish ; cf . lalcUa.
lalachi, idleness ; cf . lalata,
lalafa UU, 1. idle, lazy; 2. quiet,
easy, tame, cowardly, hdor-
fcmchi *t^>JJdiy idleness, quiet-
ness, easy disposition.
Maftu >XaJu, to tack in sewing.
OXX
Mas ^jJJf to bum with hot iron,
pass, in F 170 ana masu IcUas
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LT-
AND
U4
a hot iron shall be (prepared)
for them ; used of burning or
marking the skin with a hot
iron.
I^dashi ^^yi) or lUashi ^^, to
calm, appease, persuade ; pos-
sibly formed from IcUctba to
fondle.
Icdata U'9'9> !• destruction, con-
demnation ; 2. evil disposition.
lalata C^^"^, to linger about, to
be idle; lalachi w>*JD, idle-
ness, indifference; mailalachi
%1>^U^ or malalachi %1>V^,
one who is idle, lalachi i-j^,
to perish, be destroyed, pass
away ; B 101 dunia ta lalachi
the world passes to destruc-
tion; lalachewa Syi^*^, perish-
ing, lalatache !j3*^^y A^U'^':^,
fem. lalatachia l4-^-3^*j, pi.
lalatatuy3^% 1. lost, perished;
B 126 A:i£ 6er ta dunia lalor-
to/che leave the world to perish ;
2. worthless, mean.
lal{l)e* j^, the flour of wheat.
Za/(Z)e ^^, ZewZc* ^^^LJ, to be in
need of ; da laHl)e of necessity.
lal(l)i ^AJ, found in phrase
/oZ^i ne = ya kamala it is
necessary, needful.
lalita* UX), a very small bag.
^m&t^ X<^, pi. U^, a dry season
garden, an irrigated garden.
lami ^<«^>, tasteless, insipid; da
lami, id., used of eggs without
salt or of broth without meat,
etc.
lamutii i^^"^ or lamini ^^i^*^,
cf. Ar. ^>«l, 1. security; wotikan
lamuni letter of safe conduct ;
2. a surety for payment of a
debt; na yi lamuni I stand
security, laminta kZJ^% to
be or become surety for, constr.
with accus. lamunche ^JU**^
id., e.g. na lamuncheshi I be-
came surety for him.
lamunta* C■Uo^), to consent, pro-
bably a form of prec
langahhu y^kii, the skin of a goat
beaten, cooked and eaten.
langi ^caJ, long narrow bag for
salt ; cf. (?) lengi,
lanza* jjjJ, nuts, almonds (?).
la/raha l^j*>)» Ar. v>^' found in
comp. halaraha (^j^, an Arab,
and its pi. larahawa I^Qj^^,
Arabs; E49.
loflraha Ijj'>>, Ar. lU^j*>)t ^^, Wed-
nesday ; lit. the fourth day.
la/rura* ^j^ji, Ar. $j^>i0, 1. neces-
sity, e.g. E 14 domin larura
for the sake of necessity; 2.
trouble, ya WAje larura = he
feels pain, e.g. on receiving
punishment for wrong-doing.
Za5(«)a ^, to lick. /a«*^ 15*^1
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to lick, lick up; of fire, to lick
up, consume.
lasso yLi, of number, used like
Iiauia, q.v., for counting a-
mounts divisible by twenty,
a score, twenty.
lahm ^giJ% from Ar. ^J^^\ j>^,
Monday, lit. the second day.
lau ^ or lai* ^j, adv. only used
with lajia^ quite, lajia lau quite
well [(?) = contraction of lajia\
laua^hi iJi*^, the dried leaves of
onions.
laudi* ^>y, bending; cf. proverb
laudi ha karaya ha bending is
not breaking.
lauer j^, a white species of sweet
potato.
lauje ic-^>J) A small semicircular
sickle for cutting grass, B 38.
Jauma* Lo^ or lonia Uy , Ar. ^Ua),
mouthful; B 30 wonda kejiran
kahakki dunguin...ha shi kul-
lata da lauma he who waits
for abundance to eat cares not
for a mouthful.
launi ^y, Ar. ^jy, 1. colour,
hue; 2. kind, species; D 78.
laushi or fosAi ^j^^i thin, fine,
as flour, dust, etc. ; cf . roshi.
laushi ittt^i found in mailaushi,
a man with a bent arm which
cannot be straightened.
laushiwa* \^^^y a being blunt;
da laushitoa blunt.
laya l^*^, Ar. ^t with the art.
R.
145 3^
prefixed, 1. a writing of any
kind, then 2. specially a cer-
tificate of freedom or manu-
mission of a slave; 3. a written
charm, consisting of a piece of
paper written on and sewed up
in a leather bag and worn
on the neck or arm ; layan
zana a charm, the wnting of
which, if it be washed off
from what it has been written
on and the water drunk, ren-
ders a man invisible; it is
also the name of the tree from
the fruit of which is made the
following, layan sahani, i.e.
a charm to prevent injury in
war; 4. sallan laya the Arab
feast which corresponds in
many respects to the Jewish
Passover; 5. ragon laya the
paschal lamb or ram killed at
the feast of the sallan laya.
I X I X
laze ^y^i ij^% ^ tread upon,
to crush.
I Ojx XX
lazumche iJ^J^y Ar. j^, 1. to
adhere to, stick together; 2*.
to be necessary, e.g. lazumcheni
I must do.
•»xl
lehatu yifJ, the wattles of a cock.
leho y^, pi. lehuna UaJ, lip.
^ X
led(d)ai ^jJ, spoons ; cf. luddai.
lefe 4caJ, a kind of shallow basket
made of reeds or grass.
J I 0x1
Iqferu j/fJ, pi. leferai LjjJkJ, a
• • • •
large pad for a donkey, a
cushion.
10
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I^b3
146
Uy
lekafa ijl^, 1. steps placed for likafani* ^iiij, Ar. J^ii, a wind
mounting a horse ; lekafan dokij
id. ; 2*. foot-stool ; 3. stirrup.
lekaioa 1^l6, to stoop in order to
look down into a hole.
leke J^, to roll up the covering
of a doorway.
lek{k)i ^j 1. leather satchel; cf.
gafaka; 2. a piece of cloth
thrown over the shoulder.
Ida %), a dance accompanied by
music, practised by young men.
lele* /JU, one much loved, darling.
lel(l)e /JU, large tree, its leaves
are ground up to make a stain
for the hands.
lema C^, Kanuri leima (probably
from Ar. <Cft^> a tent, with
article prefixed; cf. lahariy
from Ar. JiX), tent; kaffa
lema to pitch a tent, node
lema to take down (lit. to roll
up) a tent.
kmu y^, Ar. Oi-W' ■^®^^* 0>^»
lime, lemon.
Zew^e j^^ or lunge ^^^, to hop
on one foot.
lengi ^kii, a large sack of salt
equal to two men's loads or
one donkey load.
lesaji, see lisaji.
letafi, see litafi,
liar* ^, dollar; a word used by
Hausas in N. Africa^ possibly
an inverted form of Spanish
rial
ing sheet, F 91 note; ct kor
fan,
lilashi, to appease ; cf. lalashi.
lUibi, veil; cf. lulvhi.
lil{l)o j^f to swing to and fro.
limam* j^^, ^W^y pl* ^iww»^w
j^U^, Ar. ^UNt, leader in
prayer, chief mallam.
lingab{b)u yJcJ, a medicine made
of the leaves of the cuiua tree.
t
WnAje iJ^f 1. to roll up a mat,
etc. ; 2. to turn over a piece of
a mat = nimka, q.v.
lisafi or ^«a/^ s^t>^) Ar. ^^.^mm*-,
1. number, account, bill; yin
lisafi to render or come to an
account ; 2. ^LJ, to number,
count.
lisha UJ, Ar. lUi«)t, very late,
evening, the time following
maguriba; cf. rana.
litafi or Zeto/i v^UJ, i*?UJ, pi. ^i^
to^ j^yC^J (used as fem. in G 7),
(cf. Ar. ^U^, elegant litera-
ture), writing, book; litafin
allah a name frequently given
to a butterfly.
liwasa C^, an epithet applied
to cloth without a seam in it.
loda by, a herb, the root of which
is put in milk to keep it =
d^f{f)ara, q.v.
loga Uj5, UJ, cf. Ar. SiJ, the
meaning of a word.
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(js^y
147
lokachi ^J^^ (cf. Kanuri lokta),
• *"
probably from Ar. CJ^^ with
article prefixed, time, season;
lokachinda at the time that, or
when; wa/rii lokachi wheni
lokachinan now.
loko ^^t 1. a temporary halting-
place for carriers ; 2. a notch
or projection in a tree for rest-
ing a load against; 3. the stick
usually carried by porters in
order to support their loads
against a tree when halting.
X J J
lohoja i».^£»y, the town at the
confluence of the R. Niger and
R. Benue, 390 m. up the R.
Niger from the sea.
loloki J)^^) pi. lolokai ^J^^^,
Fulah id., 1. closet, small dark
room, cupboard ; 2. any secret
place; D 63 rana chan akun-
tu/na loloki asiri on that day
the secret place shall be laid
open.
lomaj a mouthful ; cf . lauma.
lonkwashe i^^xJ, to bend or be
crooked.
loshi, thin, fine ; cf . lauahi,
hto* ^Sy, time ; A 62, 65 = seq.
lot{t)u y^, time, i.e. occasion or
set time ; loUn is also used for
a watch or clock.
lubiya 1^^ , dates tied up in a mat.
. • ""' . * '
hid(d)ai ^jJ or led(d)ai ^jJ,
spoons made from the rind of
pumpkins (cf. the tsokali spoon
which is made of wood).
lufudi ^J^y, pi. lufudai ^JJft^i
(cf. Ar. jL$), to press hair),
coat of mail put on horses and
men, made of cloth stufled with
cotton, wool, etc., not of iron.
luUp* \yiJ, Ar. ty^^ with article,
purification, F 148 note; cf.
allowa,
Ivloki ^^^^j^, pi. lulokai ,^^£»^y ,
dividing of roads.
lulu ^3), a small glass box for
frankincense.
luluhi ^^y \^^^ or lidvhe ^iJJ,
^^^ima), 1. a long veil reaching
to the feet ; 2. to veil oneself ;
F 41, A 28, C 18.
VwmfcbBhi ^UjJ (cf. Ar. rt ^^jmi^
with art. prefixed), 1. breath-
ing heavily; 2. ^i5»U*J, to
breathe heavily.
lumshi t^A^> \^J^i small white
clouds; cf. gilgiji.
lu/ngey to hop on one foot; cf. lenge,
4 04
lungu ^xii, 1. the turning of a
road ; 2. darkness.
lura \j^, 1. insight, wisdom, know-
ledge; 2. ^^J, to look into,
attend to, with accus. and also
with da, e.g. B 41 kadda ka
lura da aiki nai look not
closely at his work.
4 4
luru j^y, native cloth with alter-
nate strips of two colours.
The letter^ is used by the Hausas
to represent the sound of the
English m. When n is fol-
10-2
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lowed by 6 it is usually pro-
nounced m; this sometimes
happens when n is followed by
y, Zf or ch, thus harnfvde, ham-
zari, dahamchi are written
hanfude, hanzari, dabanchi,
ma U,^, inseparable nominal pre-
fix placed before verbs to form
1. nouns of the agent, e.g.
aaJd to weave, masaki weaver;
2. nouns of place, e.g. sabka to
unload, masahki lodging; 3.
nouns of the instrument; cf.
dauka to take up, madauki
handle. This use of ma or mai
as a prefix to form nouns of the
agent, etc. is analogous to, or
borrowed from, the Arabic use
of j^ for a similar purpose,
^ fix 9 ^^ J
thus ^^, to shave, Q^j^, a
barber.
ma* Lo, too, likewise; as an enclitic
it follows the word to which it
is referred, e.g. ni ma ina
taffia en nema dukia I too am
going to search for property
(in Fulah m>a = or, provided
that).
ma ^, to; F 256 na gode m^ allah
I give thanks to God. It is
most commonly used with the
personal pronouns, e.g. mxika
to thco, masu to them; the
vowel is often assimilated to
that of the governed pron.,
e.g. Tnini = m>ani to me, mumu
= mamu to us, musu = rtutsu to
them.
maahha i^t^, cf. Ar. a^l, a beggar
U8 ^j^
who sings the praises of a
great man.
mxwhudu* >>}&«, Ar. ^^i^Jt*, wor-
shipped, served ; cf. D 3 note.
maaikachi ^^JuLo, 1. industrious
labourer, workman ; 2. work-
shop.
maaike ^JCjL^, pi. viastmike
^J^Lit« and mxiaika uul«,
1. one who sends; 2. one sent,
messenger = manzo.
maaiki ^^U, fem. maaikia ^il^,
i^\.mxisiLaiki ^JuUU, labourer;
the fem. = a servant. *
maaje i«i^>t«, a place to lay up
a deposit or to hide anything.
mxmnfani ^UiU, a place suitable
for keeping anything in, e.g.
mxianfanin nama a meat-safe,
larder ; cf. maianfani useful.
maasai* ts»aLo, blasphemy.
moMuna 0^t«, scales, balance, any-
thing used for weighing or
measuring; cf. auna.
m>€tbachi ^^f^, pi. mabata U^ (cf.
ba to give), one who gives money
or goods on trust or on loan ;
the trustee or borrower is called
madaukin bashi,
X »xx
mohantari* ^yH^ ^ , button ; cf.
(?) bante,
mxxhiriki i_<^ * ^ or Tnahuriki
^^ XXX
J X
L^J^i a small stick for stir-
ring milk or tuo ; cf. mMchia,
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Uy^
m
l|tjL4
mahoya or mahoiya ^'iysAy a hiding-
place; cf. hoya.
mahv^i i**^, pi. nmbugai ^Jt^y
a threshing-floor; a place where
clothes are beaten in dyeing;
cf. buga to beat.
mabukachi* ^JjsLd, a careless man,
e.g. one who destroys every-
thing he gets; cf. (?) hukata,
mahuriki, see mabiriki.
m(ibur(r)u8 ^^jt^t a white material
or stuff for making turbans.
mabuya ^ys^^ folly, shina da ma-
buya = shi marashankali ne.
machauchi ijiy^i an animal which
barks, about the size of a dog.
mache ^JLo or machi ^JU, pi. ma^
UU, woman, female, as opposed
to namiji male ; cf. mata,
inache ^JU, mobchi* ^JU, 1 . to die,
to perish ; cf . akanmobche, B
18 ; from this comes the parti-
cip. adj. matache, q.v.; 2*. to
destroy, wuta ta macheshi the
fire burnt it up.
mache ^id or machi ^JU or matae
jJx«, to press, squeeze, crush ;
temriw rruichi a narrow place;
gidda anmache, D 85, abode of
poverty, machiachi ^K^, 1.
one who is distressed, per-
plexed, helpless; 2. distress,
poverty, care, machiata Ul^JU,
anxiety, distress. machichi
j^^il«, squeezing, D 14; cf.
matsu.
rrmchechi* ^— iLJLd, pi. macheta
UUJU, 1. deliverer, saviour;
2. deliverance; cf. cheche,
nmchi*, to die, B 102 ; cf. mache.
machia l^ (from chi to eat), much
food, abundance of food.
ma^hiachiy see m>a^Jie.
ma^chiata and machichi, see m,ache.
w/ichiji i^^^t* ^y P^* machizai
^Ji^JU (lit. biter, cf. chiji),
snake, F 109, 190. There are
said to be 343 different kinds
of snakes in Hausaland.
machikura tj^Cto, pi. machiakura
\j^x^y one who obtains an
undue advantage, a cheat, de-
frauder; from chi, q.v., and
kura gain.
machiri ^j^y a mutilating form
of leprosy.
machirkia* L^^jl^, a stringed
musical instrument.
machuchi ^Jtio, maker of mischief;
cf. (?) machauchi.
m^adachi* ^JUy boy, madachia*
QjU, girl.
Quadachi w>jl«, 1. gall, 2. a bitter
fruit ; cf. doachi bitter.
madafa* l?t jl«, pi. madafai ^tjtd,
Ar. ^Jb«, cannon; 6w madafa
lit. the father of cannon (cf . Ar.
^, father), is the name given to
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ijiU
150
U^
the Spanish dollar, which has
cannon impressed upon it.
^ ^ fix 4»
madaffu 1?>U, pi. madafai ^>U,
kitchen; cf. daffa,
madaidaichi %^j^>Lo, 1. moderate
size, e.g. yaro ahina da madai-
daichi the boy is of moderate
size; 2. anything of moderate
size.
madaki ^-^t^U, a chamberlain,
one of the chief officials in the
Hausa states, cf. G 4 note;
see under /ocfetma and daki,
madcda '^^U, Nup6 id., yes, in-
deed, i.e. Ar. 6^\ J> U, what
has God shown !
madamri ^j»«Ju, found in mor
damrin chikki a girdle; cf.
damre,
madara lj>U, cf . Ar. rt jJl«, fresh
or sweet milk.
madat C>j^ or madas ^Ju, a
poison ground up and used for
destroying mice, etc.
nwdaukaki ^JC^^lf, the great or
high one, e.g. a king ; cf. dau-
kaka,
madauki ^^^^U, handle, that
part of anything by which it
is held in the hand ; cf . dauka.
madavyami i<*«jJ^i long lasting,
incessant ; often pronounced
madowaani ; cf . dawamia,
mad{d)i ^«M or madya l^j^d
(F 230), a kind of molasses
made from the fruit of the
dmnia, taura, or kaiwa tree.
^ X
madinkia* L^JCJ>L«, needle; cf.
duirike to sew, madumki tailor.
inadohia V«^ J^, a tree with edible
fruit, the wood of which turns
red by exposure.
rnadogara j^^^Lo, stay, prop, sup-
port; cf. dogare.
madubi ^jJl«, glass, eye-glass,
looking-glass. The latter is
more commonly madtd>in fus-^
ka ; cf . duba to look at.
madudai* ^>^JJ^y cf. Ar. jcfr,
reckoned up, B 122.
madugu ^>L«, pi. nrwidugawa
t^>U, 1. leader or headman
of a caravan ; he always walks
behind, whilst the ja^aha
(guide) walks in front ; 2. the
title of a prince amongst the
Bornuese.
madumki ^X«3U, fem. madumkia
IjJs^^Lo, pi. madumkai ^^^X«>U,
tailor; cf. dumke to sew, ma-
dinkia needle.
madundumi* ^^.^jlJjl^, a large
aquatic bird which, the Hausas
say, cannot see except at night
and preys on fowls.
madya^ a syrup, F230; cf. mad{d)i,
mafada tju?L«, pi. mafaddwa
tjlji^U, councillor, adviser or
minister of a king ; cf . faddwa.
mafak{k)a Ixa.4, place to lie in
wait ; cf . /ak{k)o, hak(k)o.
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e5%*
151
\^\iikt»
9 ^ ^
mafalki ^yCU.o, dream ; yin ma-
falki to dream ; cf. (?) falka to
awake.
mafari ^jU^o^ beginning, origin ;
cf . fari.
7nafa8(8)a U^Lo, brigands, pi. of
maifeshef q.v.
mafamchi i^^^Lo, a butcher who
sells meat in the market; cf.
fauchij fawa,
mafichi ^^Lo, landing-place; cf.
mafifichi jJU^t«, superior, wanan
mafifichi ne daga wonchan this
is superior to that ; cf . fi.
nui/igirma Lo^x^Lo, greater, lit.
that which surpasses in great-
ness girma, usually followed
by dagga.
mafiyawa t^Lo, more, lit. that
which surpasses in number,
followed by dagga,
mafuchi j^^J^U or fifi^hs ^^J^,
pi. wafelfechi ^JuaJL^U, fan.
mafuri ^ji^to, bellows ; cf. furay
maifura.
mafuscura t;^*»a.<, Uadder.
magahachi ^iJuo, title of a royal
official = magaji ; cf . gah{h)a,
XXX XXX
magada bUU, >U^, heirs, A 20 ;
used as pi. of magashi, q.v.
magagachi ^Ul^, fool, senseless,
B 108; cf. gigichi, agaga.
XXX
magaga/ri ^ja^U, tool or rasp for
sharpening swords, etc.
magana
Jx Oxx
magagi ^^l^, reeling or stagger-
ing as of a dying man ; maga-
gin berichi stretching one's
limbs sleepily on awaking ;
cf. f?) agaga.
• . ' ^ " "^
*^^^^^* ^J^^9 ^»*'<> minister
of the household, esp. of a
king's household; magaji (of
which m^aji is perhaps an ab-
breviation) is probably formed
from gaje to inherit.
pi. m^anganu
1. word, vocable; 2.
speech, language, e.g. Wjogana
hausa the Hausa language;
yin magana hausa to speak
or to know the Hausa lan-
guage.
X Ox X
nmgangami ^^^AAo, meeting or
confluence of rivers ; cf. gan-
gama to mix.
mdgani ^^^JL^U, pi. 7na^anguna
and magunguna
1. medicine; mai-
m.agani a doctor ; maganin
kuda a strip of leather placed
over a horse's eyes to keep off
flies ; mxiganinzawo a purgative
medicine ; 2. poison, cf. Kanuri
m^agali, id. ; 3. a charm, rnagar-
nin yaki a charm to afford
protection in war.
X d X X
Tnaganta* LZ.*Ljl^, discussion, ym
maganta to hold discussion.
mxxga/atawa I^UU^ or m^xgantirvja
xO Ox X
tjjXJbo, council or discussion
4 x^ X
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b,A«
before a king, etc., or with
anyone.
magaria i^jjut (ziz3rphus lotus), a
bushy tree resembling the
kuma, with edible fruit about
the size of cherries. The fruit
is pounded and made into little
cakes, tuwon magaria, and sold
at the little wayside markets.
magarub ^jk^ or magurtba vjM,
« X d ^
Ar. ^j*^, 1. late in the even-
ing, the time between laa^ar
and lisha^ cf. rana, 2. the
west.
magashi ^JLi>\U, fem. maga^hia
^ ^ * ^ ^ ^
LJL^U, pi. magata LX^U or
magada bli*, heir ; cf. gado.
magaya l^Jbo or magauchi tj^^^t
pi. magata ULm, heartless,
unsympathetic; cf. (?) gaya*
evil.
mageduwa tjjuM, ainhum, i.e. the
disease in which the bone of
the little toe becomes gradually
absorbed and the toe eventu-
ally drops ofi*; maimageduwa
one so afflicted, cf. 'Hausa-
land,' p. 152.
Tnagena Um, a tree from whose
leaves a yellow stain is made ;
this mixed with indigo makes
a green dye.
mag(g)i i^m, 1. the tame cat;
2. maggen tental the civet cat
= Ar. 3Vj, it is a native of
N. Africa but is kept in a
152 ^^^^
state of captivity by the
Hausas for the sake of the
frankincense {tura/re) which is
secreted in a double pouch
under its abdomen.
m>agi, cf. idon magi squint.
m^irkai* ^J^jiuty stones put
under anything to support it ;
cf. (?) gerke,
ma^giro* ^jxa, ghost, evil spirit ;
cf. (?) giro an eyebrow.
magudanchi* ^^jl^U, pi. magu-
dantai* ^^jl^U, a slave about
fourteen years old ; probably
formed from gidda and origin-
ally applied to a slave born in
his master's house.
ma^guje ^^^^l« or muguje ^t^mtc,
one who runs away in war.
ma^uriba, evening; cf. m^igarub.
magur^i ^j^^jl^o, a flat stone on
which rice, etc. is rolled ; dan
magurji, 1. the stone which is
used as the roller ; 2. also used
as the name of a black' snake
about 18 inches long.
mahaifi^Jk^j^\tc,]^\,m^haifa\Afi^Loy .
one or both parents.
m^Jialbi ^,JLfc>L<, -pi. mahalbai
* ' f ' r '
^ .1 i fc.V«» and m^suhalbi
^jJ^ m 0iLoy bowman, spearman,
marksman, anyone who dis-
charges guns or arrows; cf.
halbi,
mahalichi* ^JXmXa or mmhalichi*
%" ^^ ^*
^JUa^^, creator; cf. halita.
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kJ> 3 ^ ^ ^
153
maJiamvdi ^^^pfc o, white calico
used in making tobes.
mdhamvi \ ,^fc,.», Ar. r> ^ >» »,
handkerchief.
maha8(8)adi ^jum»>Lo, one who
causes trouble or vexation, a
persecutor; cf. ha8(8)ada,
mahaukachi ^j0^»iU, fern, mo-
X ^ ^ <
haukachia L^I^^^iU, pi. mo-
J < ^ ^
haukatu y£^ym^^, a foolish
person, a lunatic; mahaukachi
ka/rre a mad dog; cf. haukachi.
mahaioayi* ^t^fc », an object of
terror; cf. (?) hawaye tears.
mahayi ^^(j^,^, steps, ladder; cf.
Aaioa to ascend.
mat ^, pi. rnast^ miL«, nominal
prefix forming nouns of agen-
cy from verbs, substantives and
adjectives, e.g. gudu to run,
maigudu a fugitive; p^o/ia a
farm, maigona the owner of
• the farm; girima great, 7nai-
girima one who is great. The
formation is closely analogous
to the Arabic; cf. ma. Words
beginning with m^i which are
only occasionally used will be
found under their original
forms; thus for iruiigudu cf.
under gvdu,
mm j^, Ar. %«-•, oil or grease of
any kind, e.g. butter, the fat
of meat; main shanu cow but-
ter, m^in ja palm oil, m^in
gedda oil obtained from ground
nuts, mnin kedanya oil from
seeds of shea butter tree, main
ridi oil obtained by distillation
from coriander seed, main ahor
fewa ointment of any kind.
maiahu y^KfgA^ or in constr. maiahin
^l^, one who possesses some-
thing, the owner, the pro-
prietor.
. . . *»'
maiad{d)ini* ^-ij>l^, pi. m>asuad-
dini ^JLj>CU, Ar. i>-j>, a
religious person.
muia^azawa* t^t Jl^Iajn^o, helper ;
in F 106 the true reading
probably is kana kuka enna
maiagazawa thou wilt cry,
where will any helper be?
F 187 ; cf. gazawa and gaji,
maiajia K^^K^, store-keeper; cf.
ajia and mmji,
7naialgu8 ^j*Jd\fgA, deceitful person.
^ ^ ^ ^
maiamaia* ie^t^, great (?), cf.
F64.
maiata*y passing away; cl ma-
yata.
< ^ ^
mmbada* bL*.^^, pL m/isubada
bl^U, giver ; cf. bada.
maibarra t^n^j^, beggar; cf. ba/rra,
A*"
maichi ^^^*<j^, owner, proprietor;
cf . chi to gain possession of.
mMichar{r)a \jlf^ or mm8har(r)a,
^ X X
tjriiL^, cock, lit. the one who
crows; cf. char(r)a.
maida j^, to turn; then with
various modifications of the
idea we have maida kamna C 9
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tjL^
154
^%''*d*
to direct the desire, na maida
kamna gareshi = I like him,
D 6 maida himma to pay at-
tention to or to do quickly,
maida kanaa to pretend, E 6
mmda addinin asna imitate
the religion of the heathen ; to
cause to do, e.g. ya mmdashi
shi hwanche he caused him to
lie down; to turn or change
in value, e.g. sariki ya m^ida
kurdin mxidafa the king has
changed the value of the Span-
ish dollar. Derivative forms
are: moAfea c^-^tj-** ^ throw or
push back, to lay a thing down
again, to bring back ; ka mayea
= ka komx) da shi, m^ayesda
jumj^, to turn or change into
something; ina mayesda toani
I become such an one. maishs
^^S^, to change; F 207 ja-
himi naji ta maishesu the fire,
I understand, shall change
them; ya maiaheni batoa he
made me a slave.
maida* t j^, Ar. SjuU, table (the
word is but little known in
Hausaland, as tables them-
selves are unknown).
maidaffua |>? J^, cook ; cf . daffa.
maidilanchi* %^^Jj^, trader; cf.
dilanchi.
m^aid^asij see maitsasi,
maie8(8)a, why? cf. maye8(8)a.
I 4^ ^
Tsnaifesshe ^JU-j^-^, pi. inafas{8)a
Lm5Uj highway robber, brigand ;
ct/ashe to break. ,
mmfuchi tJi^t^, one who gasps
for breath ; cf . fuchi,
t JO ^
mai^ohe t^y^t^t lit. possessor of
to-morrow; cf. B 3 note vhan-
gijinmu maiyo m>aig6be He is
our lord to-day and for ever.
maigona U^.fc^^, pi. masugona
O3iL.rU, possessor of a farm ;
cf . g(ma,
maifiaJcia LXm^^, a man with only
one eye; cf. hakia disease of
the eyes.
m>ailialichi*, see m^ahalichi,
inaihar(r)i* jjlj"^ .;^, war-horse,
A 74 ; cf. har(r)i cavalry.
m^aihaya* ^t^t^y Ar. Sl^^, the
living One, i.e. God, C 10.
maii i^t^, intoxicated, e.g. with
gia or harasaa.
mmji* 1^*--, storehouse, a title
given to Mohammed; cf. mm-
ajia,
maijika Iv^n^o, lit. possessor of
the bag, a kind of stork.
tnaikaaala, a beggar ; cf . kaaala.
X* X X *-
mmkatarta* \JjSJL(g^, one who
trembles, D 46 ; cf. makarkxUay
id.
mmkeau or maikiyo yX ^^, beau-
tiful, good; cf. keau,
maikeauay a glow-worm ; cf . make-
aua,
mmkinji ^ ^ ; x g .o, 1. enemy;
2. hard-headed or stubborn
person; cf. ki.
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maikira, blacksmith ; cf . makeri.
maiki8{8)o yS^, fem. maiki8{8)ia
I^mJCj^, hairdresser ; cf. kis(8)o,
maikiyo, beautiful ; cf. niaikeau,
maikoto y?y^, beak ; cf. koto,
maikunche ^*^S^^ a wrestler ; cf .
kunche to loosen.
maikworomi ^^j^^i one with
sunken eyes ; cf . kworomi.
xO J X X
mai^mt^nto uJU^)lt»*d, a surety for
payment of a debt; cf. lamuni,
mailoma Lo^x^, glutton ; cf . loma
a mouthful.
xO X
maimai ^<^jw«, 1. to till the ground,
to heap up the earth round a
plant when it has grown to a
height of about three feet,
especially used of digging round
yams; the first heaping up of
the earth is called Jlrri ; 2. yin
maimai applied to writing = to
blot out or erase ; 3. to repeat
X Ox«<
an action, maimmta
155 ^^Uflw-o
^ •" ^'
m4xiniddi* PJJ^t cf. Ar. tjJ, one
who calls, F 16.
xO <
mainya I^mU, pi. of haha great. It
is frequently repeated for the
sake of emphasis, e.g. mainya-
mainya mutane very great or
very respectable persons.
X I X
unaireda SjJjn^, miller, proprietor
of a mill; cf. m/irede a mill-
stone.
mairowa S^jn^^ a grasping, cove-
tous person; cf. rowa^ maro-
woAihi.
mm8(8)a l»>Jt», m>e8a LiJ^ or miva
^ •
Lm^, a python, said by the
Hausas to eat sheep.
pi. ma>8U8aida
to repeat again and again.
maimeki ^ X.>i>»»», 1. that which is
parallel or like to something
else (=Ar. JLd); 2. a substi-
tute for something else.
m^aina* tU«o, cf. Kanuri id., a
prince; used only of the son
of a king.
mainauwa* ^^y^, a man who goes
slowly or deliberately; cf. naur
wa weight.
mainem^a* l^*»<, a rich man.
^0 X X
mm8aida S^^fgmmg^,
X < J X
tjLjbMwU, one who sells, sales-
man ; ci 8aidat,
^ • "
m>ai8ani ^jim^^^ thief, usually ap-
plied to a robber who steals
openly; cf. 8ani,
mai8arari, spacious ; cf . 8arari.
Ttmisari ^Im^swa, a selfish greedy
person, e.g. one who endeavours
to sell his goods at a high price.
m^i8haida* t jl^JL^, pi. masvsJiaida
tj^JLtfU, a witness; cf. sltaida.
mai8ha/r{r)ay cock ; cf . maichar(r)a*
m>ai8hey to change ; cf . mmda,
xO X
maita U^, 1. witchcraft; 2. a man
who utters charms which cause
the death of another ; cf . m^ye.
^ Ax
mmt8a^ or m^aickasi ^^^^
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156
l^iiU
1*. experienced soldier; 2. nar-
row street or path ; cf . matse.
maitsia tt^k^, a poor person; cf.
tsia,
maiuwadawa* t^^t^x^, paralyzed
. ' * ^
ffiaiwa \yfj^^ 1. large reeds used in
thatching; 2. a very small
edible grain = holcus cemuus
(Barth).
inaiya* l^, great one, F 54 =
mainya (?).
maiyani i^l«««, handkerchief used
to wrap up money, etc.
rtiaiyelway spacious ; cf . ydwa,
maiye8{8)a, coUoq. expression, for
what cause, why? cf. maye8(8)a.
I < X
maizache* ^^.h^m«, meditating,
B 120; cf. zache.
^ J X
maizumba ^^J-t^y rogue, one who
refuses to restore a pledge or
who buys a thing and runs
away without paying for it;
cf. zamba.
niajaraJbchi* i<^j*>U, one who
wants to take his neighbour's
wife; ctjaraba,
majayi* ^en>.<, a strap attached
to the saddle and passing in
front of the horse's breast.
inaje j^ih-U, a large tree from
which a sweet scent is obtained.
maji i^U (perhaps a shortened
form of magajiy q.v.), one of
the chief officers of a king;
for order of precedence cf . for
ddwa.
maji*y spear; cf. mashi,
majina U«h!»^) ^ coXd^ cold in the
head, sickness; cf. seqq.
majinachi* ^J^i^^,^, one who is
sick or poor.
majinata* U^,«%"^> ^^® ^^^ gives
water or acts as an attendant
in time of sickness; majina-
taka thy water-bearer, B 59
note.
majujawa* ^ ifc j ifc.^, ^J y m ^ ^ » , to
sling a stone.
majusi ^^3 ^^, pi. niajusawa
b"'^^ », Ar. t^ j ifc.^, heathen.
D 29; lit. a magian, sometimes
pronounced maguji ; cf. ba-
maguji,
makdda* >li«, Ar. ^\SU, being on
the point of doing anything,
B120.
d ^ X X
makadaichi %^ j^£>U or mukadai-
chi *^jSU, sole, only; shi
makadaichi he only ; cf . kad-
(d)aichi.
maka/chi* ^JjlSU^ tiller of the
ground; cf. ka/a to dig.
niaMfo ^\SUy pi. makdfi ^UU,
blind, B 34, E 36 ; cf. kafo, id.
makama UlC^, the title of a royal
officer ; for order of precedence
cf . faddwa.
makdma UUU, 1. that which lays
hold or is laid hold on, hence
the handle of anything = kota ;
2*. makania used with magana
= reliable ; cf . kama.
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J!^
157
L^
makamche ^toSic, 1. to dazzle the
eyes, wolkia ta makamcheka
the lightning has dazzled thine
eyes ; 2. makamchi %^^^«x«,
blindness, dimness of sight;
cf. kafoy makamta, makopchi,
makami ^««oX«, arms, i.e. guns,
swords, etc.; cf. makama.
^ ^ ^
makamta U«m, 1. blindness; cf.
makamchi ; 2. w^«m, to make
bUnd.
makanka/ir(f)a* tpCJwd, one to rub
out (?), A 38 ; cf. kankari,
makdra \j\SU or mxikdri ^bio,
end of anything; cf. proverb
ahin da wuya ahina da makar
rinsa the thing which is diffi-
cult comes to its end at last;
makarin berchi the last sleep,
Le. death ; cf. kare,
mdkara SjSU, to be late in starting
or doing anything ; Jy^^ku
her mdkara da aalla leave off
saying your prayers late ; mai-
mdkara, D 57, he who is late.
imikaranta LXJp^, school; cf.
karatu,
mxikdri^ see makdra.
m^bkari ^j^y a shield made of
skin.
m/ikari (JJ^UU, prop or support to
prevent anything falling, any-
thing placed under something
else, e.g. stones placed under a
bag to keep it off the ground.
makaHachi ^yiij£s\^ a liar; cf.
karia^
makarkata* \J!iAs>jSUy one who
trembles, adj. trembling, D 43 ;
cf. maikafarta, ka/rkat(t)a.
makasari* ^j^»X^, f em. makasaria
\jjmJiof halt, lame.
m>aka(s)8hi ^JL£>L», makasshinkai
a murderer ; cf. ka(8)8hinkai,
makaska^hi ^^»AU, pL rnxxkas-
kasta U»uX.Mif>U, poor, oppress-
ed ; cf. kaakaata to despise.
makawa* \^SU, resistance; D 24
ba makawa gave (= gareshi) he
will not be able to resist.
mKikel(l)a>ci ^m JX.^U, one who
stares, generally used in a bad
sense; cf. kal(l)o,
makera* \j^A[^, an anvil, v. kira
to forge ; cf . seq.
makeri ^j^^Lo or maikira \jS^y
fem. ujM^U, pi. used in Zaria
= muk{k)ira \jSUf blacksmith ;
fem. = blacksmith's wife, sari-
kin mukkira the title of one of
the principal officers of the
court at Zaria ; cf . faddwa,
m^kerua S^^S^y a red-legged part-
ridge.
makeaua t^-i^wh-C^ or maikesim
U.>maX^) glow-worm.
nuiketachi* j^-Jl^^U, worker of
evil; cf. keta.
m£bki* iJ^t 1. to seize, lay hold
of ; 2. to strike.
makiayiy see makiyayi.
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158
>^U
mahihia if^j porcupine ; lit. pos-
sessor of arrows = hegua,
Ml ^^
makiddi ^jk^U, player on musi-
cal instrument, esp. on drum;
cf . kiddi,
makiyachi ^^^f^\^ one who re-
fuses or dislikes labour; cf.
makiyi.
niahiycuyi ^l^U, pi. mahiyaya
i^l^U, shepherd, herdsman.
makiyi |«^U, pi. makiya it^^U,
one who hates, adversary ; cf.
H, maikinji,
wa^* ^iU, discomfort.
rnakodaichi ^^3^X4, covetousness;
cf . kodaiy and seq.
makodaUa ULj^jJc^o, covetous,
greedy, e.g. a man who picks
up crumbs ; cf . preo. *
makodi ^><^i^y ball, stene ball;
cf. kodi,
makqfchi ^JLaJLo or maktibchi
^^S^y fem. makopta Uax»«,
pi. makopta uiX«, neighbour,
friend.
makdgoro y^JLX^, pi. makdgorai
^jj|A^, throat; cf. maA;t^rt«a.
makoki ^J^y^i salutations and
lamentations at a funeral.
makoko y^^x,^, swelling or wen
on the throat.
nmkopchi
rnakamchi.
blindness ; cf .
makoshi ^^^U, throat; wanken
makoshi a gargle.
maku ^£»U, heavy rain ; cf. mal-
ka, .
makubchi*, see makofchi,
makubli ^jL^JLo, pi. makuhlai
^y^£o, 1. key; 2. button; cf.
kubli to lock ; see seq.
makul{t)i* ^JSit, lock ; see prec.
makure ^ji^, to choke.
J ^ 9 4'
makuri* ^^>&U, cf. Ar. jl&U, to
deceive ; C \^ ita makuri she
acts deceitfully.
mjokurua tji^/U, throat; cf. mo-
hare^ makogoro,
makwanche or maJctoonche ^JLJU,
1. a place to lie down, a sleep-
ing-place; 2. a burial-place;
cf. A»oana.
mdlafa UJU, pi. malafuna UfJU
and mMafai <«aJU, a large hat
made of plaited straw.
m^aka* iUU, UJU, Ar. ilJU, to
rule, reign, govern; maim>alaJta
ruler, governor.
malaka* «2JUU, to be the messenger
of (?) ; A 83 ^ m>alaka cmnabi
he was the messenger of the
Prophet; cf. m^alika*.
malcUachi j^^)S^, pi. m^isulalachi
j^^y^««»U, 1. idle person, idler;
2. wicked person ; cf. lalachi,
ma^am^U, cf. Ar.^^JLft, shortened
form of seq., usually prefixed
as a title to the proper name
Digitized by
Qoo^^
of one of the lettered class,
e.g. malam muaa^ G 7.
malami f«#)L«, pi. maiamai ^<^to,
Ar. ^,«JLfr, a learned man, a doc-
tor; baban malami a great
scholar or doctor in learning;
A 34 wanan da ke kin malami
da fada tasa he who rejects a
mallam and his sayings, B 15 ;
cf . prec.
malika* ^U, angel, F176; v.
seq.
maliM* %2iiJU, pi. mulaiku ^S^^^^
Ar. id., angel, A 8, D 59, F
177.
m^lka IxJU or m>aku ^^U, heavy
rain, e.g. rain lasting all day;
cf. sa/ra/a,
ma^lOf the pouch of a bird ; cf .
m>aroro.
malufi, wool ; cf. mvlufi,
malioa t^JU, leg-irons, F 186 a^sa
m4i8u sasari na wuta da mxdwa
fetters and leg-irons of fire
shall be placed on them; cf.
giger,
U
mamia l^^ (cf. (?) Ar. ^t, mother),
breast.
Ttuvmaki ^«£»Ui«o or ahhi m^imaki,
anything wonderful; yin ma-
maki or jin mxim^ki to won-
der.
mxma lid, ^>•, please, of course,
then, etc. ; zo mana come if
you please ! rarely used in
writing but extremely com-
mon in conversational Hausa.
manaa* IjU«, Ar. i<i«-«, meaning
(in Kanuri mana = word).
m^nafuch% deception; cf. munor
fuchi,
manan* ^>JU, possibly a contracted
form of m^nomi ; cf. A 18.
manche^ see m/inta.
m^ni ^^JU, to me, for me ; cf. ni ;
sun yi m>ani or ayi mani =
akoi there is, or there are.
marumaza* IJl^^o, contracted from
mxiza maxa very quickly, D 62.
manomi ^^iU, ^^i*, 1. planter,
, cultivator; cf. morKmii', 2*
sowing-time, A 10, 18.
manta C>nJU , manche ^«^U, to for-
get, err, make a mistake. mar&-
<Ma t>iXo, forgetting, forgetful-
ness, error, mistake; yinma/ntua
to forget, to make a mistake;
cf . manche,
m>anun% forefinger; cf. nuna.
manzam* ^J}}i^, cf. Ar. |J^,
barber.
JO" x**.
m4inzo ^JJU, pi. wwm^ant <J[f^«,
1. messenger, esp. one sent by
a king ; 2. m/inzo is often used
as a title of an official at court;
cf . faddwa^ jekada.,
mxira j^, \j^, to take up with the
hand or in a spoon.
mara* IjLo, loins (stomach 1).
m4M'aha, welcome; cf. m^arhaba,
m^rddi {^>]^ or mfWfddi ^iSj^y
cf. Ar. 3!j, a searching after,
what is sought for, desire; ma-
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Ksy'
160
kSj^
radin mutane that which men
desire.
marai v^jU, a small bird that
feeds on guinea-corn.
maraita* [Zjj^ (cf. (?) Ar. rt ^\j)f
a going away, C 29 gawa ra
maraita lahira a corpse on the
day on which the dead man
sets out for the next world.
maraito* y^j^, coming.
marak{k)i ^^j^ or mareki tJ^j^y
fem. marak{h)a ^j^, pi. rna-
rak{k)u ^^j^, calf.
maraki i^j^, a fellow-traveller =
ahokin taffia] cf. rakia, an es-
cort.
mararahi i^jj^y an intens. form
of raba, 1. divided, different ;
2. division, niararabin hainya
the meeting-point of two or
more roads ; at B 23 muraraha
Wi>*> ^ plural, is found = the
regions which are divided.
marari ^jj-^y a small grass basket
used in making bread for put-
ting flour and water in. The
water is strained out.
mara^- ^jl^j a negative prefix,
denoting the absence of a thing
in the same way as *less'
in English, e.g. maraakumia
shameless, marashankali sense-
less, maraskarifi powerless ;
probably formed from ra8{8)a
to be without.
niaratayi i«^j>«} handle, suspen-
der, peg ; maratayin ka/nsakali
sword-string or belt ; cf . ror-
taya.
mar{r)aya U^, a large deer, white
in front.
maraya b^, strap round a horse's
head fastened to the bridle.
mardya yJ/.o, fem. marainia tJ/.«,
pi. mardyu 3-JI/.0, orphan, F 20.
ma/rbika* Uo^, cf. Ar. rt ^j,
confusion ; used adverbially,
F 194 8u komo marbika they
will return in confusion.
mare ^jU, or mart ^jU, to
strike, to give a blow with the
hand, mari ^U, pi. maru-
""' "
mari ^><«;U, a blow, a stroke.
marmaravxi, q.v., striking re-
peatedly.
rrw/rea* \jja (cf. Ar. ^^ijU, wild
cow), oryx,
t I X
mareche ^^^j^, evening ; da mare-
che in the evening; da mareche
ya yi when evening came on.
marede ^jjj^, pi. inaredai ^jjj^,
millstone; maireda a miller, or
proprietor of a mill.
mareki* f calf; cf. maraki,
m^arena \JiJ^j^j stone (i.e. the disease).
m^arhaba 1 ,» »■» ,» or marharbi
^^j-^j^, or muraba l^j-«, Ar.
^x Ox
L»^, welcome, a salutation
esp. used on meeting after a
long time.
mari ^j^, a large species of fish.
mxiri ^j-o, iron fetters.
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moH, a blow ; cf . ma/re.
ma/rike lAij^f a small tree with
edible leaves; its wood has a
reddish colour.
7na/nk(k)i iJ^j^^ pL vimr'ik{]c)a
i^j^i handle; of. rik(k)e.
marikichi ^m t ^jL», a deceitful
person, esp. one who pretends
to buy but steals ; cf . rikichi.
marUi* tMj^, Ar. yjAJj^, sick.
marili iJ^ij^, rhinoceros.
moHma/ri ^£^j^i to be fond of,
to like ; esp. used of anything
sweet to the taste.
maHn{n)a \jj^, pi. 7ifiarin{n)a{ ^j^
a dye-pit, a deep hole in which
cloth is left to soak in indigo
dye. maHn{n)i 15^, pi. 'ma-
8urin(n)i i5^U, dyer, dye-
worker, proprietor of a dye-pit;
cf . rina^
rruvriri ^^£^j«o, a large species of
antelope.
marma/ra Sj^j^, stones collected
together, e.g. those placed round
a well to keep it from falling
in.
^ ^ ^ b ^
tnarmarawa ^^j^j^t redupl. parti-
cipial form of ma/re^ striking
repeatedly.
ma/rnuvniy see ma/ronuuro,
marokachi ^^#^j^, begging; cf.
roko.
J ^ J ^
maromcMro ^jmajjm* or marma/ru
^j^j-^i a spring or fountain
of water.
maroro ^j^j^ or malolo y>lU,
1. double chin or a swelling
under the chin; 2. crop of a
bird.
mctrowachi iJi^j^y 1. greed, greedi-
ness; 2. a greedy, selfish per-
son - mairowa ; cf . rowa.
ma/rude {^>^j^ or ^>^jt>^ mairude^
pi. maruda h^j^, one who
tempts, deceives or misleads;
cf. rude.
^^narufi ^^j^, pi. nw/nifai ^^j^,
covering of any kind ; w/irufm
kofa door, i.e. usually a mat
let down in front of a door-
way; cf. rufe,
J i ^
mcurv/ru ^j^j^y a swelling on the
loins.
ma8(8)a U.^, a cake or small round
piece of bread made with rice
and datva such as is dipped
into broth.
wMM(«)a*, quickly ; cf . maza,
ma8(8)aba LIJLa, pi. nia8(8)a^i
jyMkmAy a large hammer used
by blacksmiths.
masahki il)L»»>.< or mctsapki ^sXjLm^,
Si, lodging-place ; cf . scibka,
masai t^^^O) a hole ; i. q. saiga,
nwsaika 1£»U»^, a shuttle; cf. saka,
masaka/nche ^ ? . v » » ,0) cf. Ar. ^>XMf,
peacemaker, mediator; cf. so-
kankanche,
11
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^L^
162
maaaki ^^^ll-o, weaver; cf. mki,
mcu^allachi %l>^.a.<, pi. ma^allatai
^j%A^i cf. At. rt ^JLd, place
of worship, mosque.
ma8an{n)i ^l o, pi. maaa/ncma
l;;,.M..o, acquaintance.
masar^ Egypt ; cf . rnazar,
'nia8{§)ara tjUk* or dama8($)a/ra
^ ^ ^ if J
t^l-^.^3, Ar. j^>A<«, Egyptian
corn, maize.
masa/rauchi* ^^j^t^, ruler, gover-
nor ; cf . sarauta.
masarchi ^j^m^, a beggar on the
road; cf. nuMicuihi.
^ X
masa/rchi ^^J^».^d, pi. T^to^ei^toi
^ji; (cf. (?) Ar. ^jlo), a
comb; cf. masefi.
^ ^ ^
masasaki ^C»i>»,o, pi. masaaaha
lC*».»*.o, carpenter, joiner; cf.
ma8{8)(M<jura \j ..,m>io, fever; massa-
aa/ra ta kamani the fever caught
me = I caught fever. The word
is sometimes used for small-
pox; cf. agana.
J 4> ^
»* * ' ^ , the name of a
black snake, applied to a
warrior.
maaeji ^^^ml^, pi. masefax i^Aam^
or masefuna l;a.i.»»i», a comb,
made either of wood or iron;
of. maaoahi, maacMrchi
maaharua \^jlL^, rainbow; lit.
water-drinker.
maahaaha* l^U»^, a quantity of
anything.
maahaya Cliwo, 1. watering-place,
waterside; 2. place of intoxi-
cating drinks, E 17 note; cf.
aha,
maahemi , ««.JL«, a hoe ; cf. ahema.
maahi ^i^U or maji ^to? pi.
maauauka lC»».»rfU, 1. a spear;
yd^^ inashi or ^ac^ maahi to
throw a spear as a declaration
of war; 2. maahin tamirwru
a shooting star, usually re-
garded as prognosticating war
from the quarter whence it
comes ; 3. a stick of wood
dipped in antimony for smear-
ing the eyes.
ma^hid{d)i j^JL,«, 1. a resting-place,
lodging, khan; 2. steps by
which to come down from a
place; maimaahidi host, inn-
keeper ; cf . ahid{d)a.
nmahidi* j^JL«, Ar. j^JLd, lit.
cemented, and so 'strong'
found with the Ar. art. F 65.
maahimfidi jjk^jLfO, pi. maahim-
fuda \jjL^»^, what is spread
out, e.g. things spread out for
sale, or a covering for a horse ;
cf. ahim/ida,
maaiachi ALg.Mi.^, pi. maaiiUa
UljMM«o one destitute, unfortu-
nate, unsuccessful or discon-
tented ; cf. (?) maaarchi.
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163
UXU
J ^ i ,
ma$fba* L^ia^, Ai*. ^Lf^g^a^y pain,
affliction, D 14 ; DiO en shara
ka aika ka tao (= zo) ka ska
maaiba if thou hast done evil
thou wilt meet with great
pain.
masifa \M^i^m^, 1. mischief; 2. mis-
fortune, calamity; 3. mischiev-
ous, maimasifa, pi. rnasuma-
sifa a felon, villain, mischievous
or vicious person. Possibly
this may be only another form
of prec.
maaUla* ^Lm.«, Ar. ^UlL*, a large
sail-needle.
maairchi nt>ym^, Qomb ; cf. rtuxsefi,
ma8i8{8)ika lC*».»>.o, floor, threshing-
floor; cf. 8i8(8)ika,
mcMOym^y pi. masowa t^j^two, I
lover, friend ; F 79, 80, S5 ;
cf. masoyi,
niasokachif mirror; cf. mataokcbchi
and taokachi.
masaro ^jy»»^y black berries hot
like pepper.
maaoshi ^J^ym^ comb ; cf. maaefi,
pi. TTUMoyu ^ym^y 1. one who
loves, or is fond of either a
person or a thing, a lover,
friend; 2. pass, beloved, dear;
cf . maao,
maaukwani ^t^K»^d, a place for
horses to gallop; cf. aukua,
tnaauruy cat; cf. mazoro.
vnaaiuau ymJL^y those who fish with
hand-nets; cf. au.
mata Uto, 1. plural of mache
women ; 2. mata is also applied
to a married woman, wife, of
which the pi. is mataye i^jt^Lo,
B 110.
mata* C-.^*, death = ww^wa ; B 158
mato ta maida mutum kwa-
nche death causes men to lie
down.
mAxtabhata* C%Jii, F 82, 228, en-
during, lasting; cf. tahhata,
matache tj^, fem. matachia l^^,
■''" « ' '
pi. m^atatu ^IIa, cf. Ar. OU,
1. dead; 2. a dead person,
corpse; 3. broken, e.g. mMta>tun
kworia broken calabashes or
vessels ; cf. similar use of mutu.
matachs <JmU, found in comp.
rruitachen kworia a vessel with
holes in it to act as a coarse
sieve ; cf. (?) tachi and taaa,
matachi* ^^, found in comp.
maiachin vmri a fruitful place.
matdkan*a* Sj&U, a wooden ladder.
mataki ^^Hu, a sort of spindle,
used esp. by women, made of
skin.
mataki ^^^U«, pi. m^atakai ^^£»U«,
1. steps made with mud; 2.
footstool; 3. soles of the feet,
A 30; cf. tak{k)i
m^Uaki ^^£»IJLo, in comp. matakiri'
bvri a horse whose ankle-joint
nearly touches the ground, lit.
one that steps like a monkey.
X^XX XX ''•J
mMtalaka ICJLU, muntalaka UJU^,
11—2
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164
ijt^t^
small hammer; cf. (f) muni'
taraga.
mcUamaxihe ^^^.o, thoughtB, cares,
concerns; matamachen dunia
the cares of the world or of
life; cf. Ci) tama pride or
(1) taw aha to think.
rriatamachi
tami{m)a,
mata/mni
iron-ore : cf .
^j^i<JL,», pi. mcUamna
X » X X
\ i t Z •> the first tooth of a
child, lit the grinder from
tamna to chew ; the plur. ma-
tamna = all the teeth together.
matankadi ^jillx^, a sieve used
for straining gold from sand,
etc. ; cf . tankadi to winnow.
matankam ^^yXXU, the fan used
when grinding flour to get rid
of the chaff.
m^ashi ^^UU, in comp. mo^
shin kai pillow, rest for the
head; cf. ta^shi^ kai,
m4itaur%a ^^jyH^, used esp. in
expr. m^tauria zitchia harden-
ed heart ; cf. tauri,
• ^ '
matauahi ^^jJLo, lit. presser;
1. matatishin hofa a piece of
wood leaning against a door
to keep it shut ; 2. mxUavshin
wotika a signet ; cf . tauahe,
t ^*
7n4itaye* ^UU, helper; cf. taya.
wAitaafi ^^LJflUd, pi. m^asutaafa
I^UsmiLo, one who worships or
sacrifices to idols, an idolater ;
cf . tsafi.
maiaataaJca UCkJLo, leech; cf. (?)
taaga to bleed.
m<U8e, to squeeze ; cf . TnacJie.
m^itsi, i.q. prec,
matsi* ^jit^, to cheat in buying
or selling.
mat8in(n)a* ^>Jx«, Ar. UflL«, sus-
picion, F 8.
m^atsokachi %^^^lguo, or m^soka^chi
^A^imd, mirror ; matsoka^shin
ido the pupil of the eye; cf.
tsoka^chi,
maiaorata U^^Io^a, a coward; cf.
taoro,
matau ^lauo, a pass, form of matae
(cf. mache)f 1. to be narrow,
hainya ta matau the road is
narrow; 2. to suffer hunger.
mMuki _£»yu, a paddle used as
a rudder ; cf . tuka,
mxUuna^ UmU or mMwruim* ^>mU,
a thought; cf. tuna,
TTMuda b^**, dark-coloured salt.
J » ^
mjauro* ^jyy a female slave who
begs.
J ^ ^ ^ ^ 4f ^
mavM^adu* j^^, cf . Ar. j^j, one
who promises, F 131 note.
muuHidachi w^t^^, pi. m^Lwadata
Ub^, 1. fortune; 2. a man
of fortune ; cf . wad{d)a.
^ X o
matoau^a U^^o, 1* abstr. from
wxiMw folly, foolishness; 2.
concr. a foolish person.
moAfafi L^lf«, bed-clothes, cover-
ings, covering thrown over
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3J3^
shoulder, A 11 (?) ; cf. ya/a
to fold over.
mayaki ^ ^A L a ,..^ , pi. mayaka
1^9 1^, soldier; cf. yaki.
mayata* Ul^ 1. passing away,
D 85, F 37 ; 2. sorrow, calam-
ity, trouble, D 61.
mayawa t^^, pi. |><^>^U, many,
used especially of persons ; cf .
yawa,
ma/yawata U^e<«, i.q. prec.
mayayi* ^j(^, an interpreter.
maye ^^U or mayi ^U, fem.
mcM/ia QU, 1. one with evil
eye, sorcerer, wizard, A 82
note; 2. drunkard, ya yi maye
he is drunk ; cf . maita witch-
craft.
mayenwdchi* i^^y^i pi* wiayen-
t^;ato UtyLj^, one who is
hungry or destitute; cf. yuw-
wa.
may €8^ see maida,
nuiyesday to turn or change into
something ; cf . maida,
maye8{8)a^ maieaaa or m>aiye8{8)a
Lmj«4, why? probably formed
from mi ya aa*
m>ayi, 1. intoxicated; cf. may<5 ;
2. Jon TTMzyt a cannibal.
m^yiy sorcerer ; cf . m^ye,
ma?a Jl« or ma8(8)a* ^m^y quickly,
F 72 ; frequently reduplicated
thus, maza maza or m^m>aza
very quickly.
maza t Jlo*, men, B 85, 87 ; cf.
m,iji.
mazakuta U^^, 1. one who is
brave; 2. bravery, manliness;
cf . (?) zaki a lion.
inazamne ^JUju, dwelling-place,
habitation, mmzam/ne ^JUj^h^o,
pi. m4i8uzamne ^JUju^U, in-
habitant. ma^;amm ^^J..«JL«,
1. inhabitant ; 2. seat, spot
on which a man sits down.
rnazar j»tfu«, Ar. j»tfu« (^^ ^ being
here pronounced as «), Egypt ;
cfotn m^azar or bamazarij pi.
mazaraiva an Egyptian, c^toa
9na2;ara a species of millet
grown in Egypt and intro-
duced into Hausaland; cf.
ma8(8)ara,
y f
maza^gi ^jj^t a string for tying
up trousers (tvanduna) ; cf .
za/rge and mazarigi a loop in
a string.
tnazari ^j}^ spindle ; cf . za/r{r)e
thread.
m<i7icvng% \^j}^^ cf. Ar. Ai^p, a
noose for catching animals; cf.
•mjaza/rgiy azariga^i and za/rge,
maziga UJl«, bellows; cf. seq.
T^^f^?igi LJ^J^) one who blows a
fire with bellows (maziga)
worked Mdth a stick fixed into
a skin ; cf . zigazigai, zuga,
» J ^ ' ' J jj
mazoro ji^^Jm or muzuru ^j^J^
or m>a8uru jjj-^m^, wild cat,
Dlln., 12.
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mazugu* ^i^, one who is wicked;
D 29 da mazugu ahoki majusi
the son of the wicked man is
the friend of the heathen.
mazumhachi ^^^ij^J^ or ^i^j^, a
rogue; i.q. maizumbay q.v.
meke \J^ or mekiya Uu.» or
mikiya l«C^, pi. mekiye ^jt^L^,
a species of eagle or buzzard
with white breast = neophron
percnopterus (?).
?7ierA^ ij^j^, a species of acacia ;
a medicine for horses is made
from it.
metin v>IXo, Ar. ^lI>U, two hun-
»' • ^ ^
dred.
mi ^, what? In interrogative
sentences the personal pron.
must be employed as well as
the interrog., e.g. mi ya aame-
ka what is the matter with
you? Forms strengthened by
the addition of the subst. verb
are mine^ minene, id.
mia l^, cf. (?) Ar. cU, broth.
7wm, an hundred; cf. minya.
midguy bad, pi. of muguy q.v.
miau y^^ to spit out.
michali^y mithali* ^iio or miscUi
^lL©, Ar. Ji«, 1. similitude,
parable, D 82, D 94 mu dai
mu yi michali kadan we indeed
speak a little as it were in
parables; 2. like, as, used like
Uvmka, miaalinaa =■ kamansa
an expression applied to a pic-
ture or likeness.
^V^ ^i»ii^> pl* maza tjLo and
mazaje ^m^SS^j man, husband ;
miji da nuiche = married man;
na/miji = male.
mijvria i^,»a^^ or mitvria C^imm©,
1. cramp, convulsions; 2. elec-
tric fish ; 3. a large tree like a
kuma with red wood.
mika JJi^, 1. to stretch forth, e.g.
the hands or limbs, etc., D 27 ;
2. to deliver up ; 3. to yawn ;
in pass. = to go, F 241 amika
zua ga fa dar maiiyawa they
shall go to the dwelling-place
of the Almighty, miko >^,
to pull in towards oneself.
miku y\^y to be extended or
stretched out, e.g. hainya ya
miku the road stretches out
to a distance ; cf . mika,
miM ^Jit^y sores = rauni,
mikiay see meke,
mine ^^i>t^ and minene ^JJJi^y
what? cf. mi,
minahari ^j\JjJ^, nansari ^ji^Jj
«• o
or hansa/ri ^jL»U*» (cf. (?) Ar.
juL^J^ ; Fulah min ?iarra = I
snore), to snore.
minya l^, mia bU, Ar. 4^U, an
hundred ; a/rba mia = dari
fudu four hundred.
minzer'^ Lgj}^ (cf. Ar. MsUo,
telescope), spectacles.
mio yfg^y saliva, spittle.
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167
^^
mirdago ^^ja or mwrdago y^^j^,
throttler ; cf . mv/rde,
. . -»• *
mirmvrto y^j-^j^, a plant with an
edible root.
miaali^ like ; cf . micJicUi,
misiria*, see mijiria.
miskal* JjU«« =- Ar. JUlo, i.e.
a weight especially used for
measuring gold = 86 grs.
7nitcU(ifi* ^JU.<, Ar. s^uto, gene-
rous, pitiful.
mizam Olh5^> -^^- 0!>«^» scales,
balance; F 139 akai da mizam
ga kowa the balance is brought
for everything,
moha/rrachi ^j^y a beggar, i.q.
maibarray q.v.
moda \>y^, large wooden spoon
used for dipping up mia^ etc.
modi ^>y^y a gambling game
played with cowries, also called
chacha] yin modi to throw
down dice, shells, etc. in gam-
ing.
m/olo ^yo, pi. m^luna U)^, music,
playing; kiddin molo drum-
ming, E 16 ; abin molo a musi-
cal instrument of any kind.
monomi i^yi>A (for rnxmomi^ 4* v.),
pi. m^onomxi L^^-^Uo, planter,
cultivator.
m>oria* ^jy^y in phr. yin mxyria
to be profitable.
mosa Ur^, 1. tr. to shake, to move ;
2. intr. to move; 3. to be in
commotion, e.g. gari duka ya
mosa the whole town was in a
state of excitement; cf. m^siy
m/ucha.
mosdhjam* ^^^m*^ (cf. Ar.
striate), the onyx stone.
most
^jr'y^
or m^tsi
V^f>-»,
move-
ment; motsinshi his movement,
Gl, 1. 11.
J J J
mu y^y ^yjby 1. first pers. pron. pi.
comm. gender, *we,' e.g. mu
gani we saw ; 2. -mu or -nmu
j^ used as poss. pron. *our';
it is suffixed to nouns of either
gender, e.g. dakinm,u, dakimu
our house; 3. as objective pron.
= *us,' e.g. su hannamu they
hindered us.
mtichia* Ij^, stick used for stir-
ring ttiOy = m/jhiriki ; cf . (?)
mosi,
muchu^ yiyy to be moved; cf.
mosa,
fmid{dyii J JLo, pL mud(d)una U jlo,
Ar. jL.«, a measure, made of
wood or metal.
mv^am{m)a* U^) a stay; yin
muga/m,{m)a to make a stay
at a place for some days, to
abstain from work, to rest, e.g.
as on Friday.
mugashi* ^Ji^yo, a great man.
mug{g)o yu^y a white ass.
mugu y^y^y fem. mugv/nia l^^,
pi. midgu ^^IfO, bad, e.g.
mtUtmi mugu or mugun mutum
a bad man ; cf. mumuna.
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mugvAfita U^^, badness, wicked-
ness.
muji m^t, in comp. rnvjin ka/rifi^
loadstone, magnet.
mujia lt^>«, pi. mujiye j^ei^>«,
owl.
rrvfika jX«o, tirst pers. pron. pi. pre-
fixed to perfect tense; cf. Gr.
p. 26.
mukadaichi, only; cf. makadaichi.
mukamike ^S^g^SUy pi. mukamikai
^^^4^) jaw-bone.
muk(k)iraj pi. of makeri (q.v.),
blacksmith.
muku ^Lo = 7nakuj to you, for you ;
cf . ma.
mulmuteli ^JLJL^JU, to rub any-
thing in the hand, e.g. guinea-
corn.
mulmvshiy to smile ; cf . mv/rmushi.
mulufi s^Lo, ^c-aJU, or malujl
S«JU (cf. (?) Ar. rt s»>^),
1. wool, woollen cloth ; F 216 ;
2. the name of a small scarlet
woolly beetle.
mwmini* ^JU^» or mt^Tracmt^yU^,
Ar. v>«>i believer, C 38, D 46.
mumona'^' LU ^ , bad = mt^^w, q.v.
^J>*
mwmoni*^
see mwwiwi.
J
murrUaraga KkjS^^^ a hatchet for
cutting grass; cf. {^)fnuntalaka,
mumu 3^^, ^^^ = mamu to us, for
us; cf. ma.
mumuna U«>«, bad ; cf . 7mm{^)h
mumona.
muna Ua, JU, first pers. pron. pi.
pref. to pres. tense; cf, Gr.
p. 26.
munqfiki ^tu, pi. rmmafikai
^JCftu, Ar. w&^lu, hypocrite,
E33; cf. seq.
rnunajuchi %J^U.« or rna/nafuchi
%^^«AJU, guile, deceit, hypocrisy.
I X • >
mundaye ^^tjUL*», arm rings,
usually made of silver or brass ;
munda/yen kaffa foot ringa
wMn(n)t ^--S-«, cruelty, as adj.
cruel ; da mun{n)i cruelly.
murUalaka, hammer; cf. mataXaka,
mura^abay divided; cf. ma^arahi.
mv/rda j^, tj^, to twist, wind,
throttle, e.g. ahina murda vm-
yan kaza he wrings the neck
of the chicken ; used of medi-
cine, etc. to gripe, to cause
griping, mwrje ^^^j^, 1. to
rub in the hands ; 2. to twist,
e.g. thread; cf. (1) mvrdaka,
murdagoy mirza,
mwrda^Oy see mirdago.
trmrdaka L^j^^^^, two or three
reeds forming a circular bind-
ing line inside a roof and near
to the centre (kwando) ; there
are several such in a roof.
muri ^jy^i a stable ; dan muri a
groom.
muTxay murxya^ U^, pi. nvwnoyx
L^fij^i I. loud voice, cry, etc.;
2. wind-pipe.
murichi ^jy or mn/nichi ^jy^,
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169
stalks of a young giginia tree ;
in appearance they are like
celery and are largely eaten.
mv/nrrmri {Jj^j^, hooks on a fish-
ing-line; cf. murmtira,
mwrjan* O^J^i Ar. O^J^^ coral,
pearl, F 227 ; red be^ds used
as ornaments ; rnwrjanvn, tudu
a large red bead or stone used
by women in a necklace.
mwrje, to rub in the hands, to
twist; cf. mv/rda,
mv/rjek{k)i i^/^j^, to draw foot
on ground, e.g. to crush an
insect, to crush. murjek(k)e
i^^j^, fern. mufjek{k)a tX^^,
pi. 7rmrjek(k)u y^j^j rubbed,
smashed.
JO J
murkoshi* ^^^-1^, to rub vio-
lently, to break up; cf. (?)
murddgo.
^j» J
mv/rmwra \j^j^, a fish-trap ; cf .
murimuri,
JO J
murmttshi ^JL^ja or mulmvshi
J »j
^jL^L^, to smile.
murna U^, joy, gladness; yin
murna or jin rrvu/ma to rejoice,
F 217 8una mv/ma da ja/ma^u
cmnahawa they shall rejoice
with all the prophets.
mwruchi, i.q. murichij q.v.
jj J
murufu ytj^y fire-place, stove, place
on which the pot is placed for
cooking.
*> O J x^ X
murza^ jj-«, cf. Ar. j^, to rub,
e.g. the head ; cf. (?) murda.
muaa* ^^y, Moses.
^ J J •»
mu8(8)a Irn^f pi. mu8{8)o8hi ^^m^,
cat = kentva ; cf . mu8V/ru,
« J
mvsfis ^jilty, a dead body, skele-
ton; yin mu8he = to die a
natural death; cf. seq.
I J
mvshe* ^yc, evil smell = cfou,
F 168; cf. prec.
mvsUmi* ^^^^JL^, A 5, i.q. mvr-
sulmiy q.v.
^ J 4
muska Uum^, Ar. ^JjUmo, musk.
J J
mu8u y»^, to deny, to contend.
^ J J
imisuvia t^.»^», contending ;
F 159 hahu iau8uwa ga kowa
there is no contending for any-
one.
mv,8ulmi ^^^JLm.«, pi. musvlmai
^pf.u^, Ar. ^»1<, a moslem,
Mohammedan. muaulumchi
» J J J
%^<»»JL>».^, worship, religion, in
the Mohammedan sense of the
^ » J J J
word, mvstdumta* C*»»Im>.»,
to be a Mussulman; cf. F 58
da ta musulumta (she) who
was a Mussulman.
J J J
mvsiMru ^jym^y Fulah id., cat; cf.
mazoro.
rrmstiwa, contending; cf. musu,
JJ ^ ^ \
mutuyU^ Ar. C>U, 1. to die; 2. to
end, come to an end, e.g. Aar
wata ya rmitu until the month-
end ; hainya ya mtUu the road is
closed, ymta ta mutu the fire has
^j J
gone out. muttta tyu, death;
miUiian allah = a natural death.
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170
IjJ
inutwin, j^ or vnvJtume ^c^JU, pi.
vmitane ^U«o, man, human
being.
TtwJtumchx »^^», humanity,
mt^^me, see rmitura,
mu^i^mnta* lg;i»I», a concubine.
J J J
wtA^wrw ^ji^, a small cow, about
three feet high, with very short
horns, brought from the W.
. . ' • ■»
mu^\h%na* ^j^J^, Ar., sinners,
F 129 note. '^
muzurUf cat; cf. mazoro.
The letter ^j is used by the
Hausas to represent the sound
of the English n. When ^
is followed by ^ 6 it is pro-
nounced m. This is sometimes
the case when n is followed by
^, « or cA ; for instances cf . m.
n is sometimes interchanged
with /, esp. at end of word ; cf .
nimkay linker gonan, gonal.
n ^ shortened form of seq. used
with both genders and numbers
to denote the possessive and
genitive relation, e.g. dokin
' aariki the king's horse, Bawran
Tvama the rest of the meat.
This n is frequently changed
to ^; cf . £ 109 gonal chiuta.
na J, \Jf fem. ta J, U, particles,
1. prefixed as signs of the geni-
tive, e.g. G 1 lit(i/l na labari
so/rakuna the book of the his-
tory of the kings; 2. used
before pr. names, e.g. A 19 na
ahmadu of Ahmadu ; 3. pron.
suff , e.g. na.8a his, A 22, F 145
nata her, A 12, naJca, nah
thine, naku your, namiu our,
nasu their; 4. placed before
card, numerals to form the or-
dinals, e.g. nahiu tahiu second,
na goma tagoma tenth.
na J f [Jiy pronominal particle, first
person sing. masc. and fem. = I,
1. prefixed to aorist tense, na
taffi I went ; 2. rarely used as
objective pron., ya gamina he
saw me; 3. as an inseparable
possessive pron. suffixed to
either masc. or fem. nouns
provided the speaker is mascu-
line, e.g. uhamja my father,
uvoana my mother, datvakina
my horses, see Gr. p. 17; cf.
use of -6a when speaker is
feminine.
na^amh* j^^ Ax, j^^ yes.
na^amoAi''^ UK^mj^ Ar. j^^ some
kind of sweet herb or grain.
nahaya l^lji, fem. tahaya IjL3, that
which comes after, the second.
nadd tju, before, already, e.g. ba
ya ji tsoro ba kaman nada he
was not afraid as before; it
is used also as equivalent to
'former,' e.g. litafi nam, duka
daina ka/man nada this book
is just the same as the former
one ; cf. da of old.
nada* 1 jj, cf . Ar. rt ^ jj, to call ;
used to form mainida^i, cf. F 16
note.
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UtjJ
171
naddma* Utju, nidmna toljJ or
ladanfia* L«ljJ, Ar. ^LoIjlJ,
1. repentance, D 20 note; 2.
remorse, D 62, F 162.
nad{d)e ^ju, 1. tr. v. to roll to-
gether ; 2. intr. to coil, wind ;
in phr. ya nadde maaa sa/rota
he enthroned him. nad(d)u
^jj, intr. and refl. form, to
roll or coil up.
na/dri ^jUi, fern, tqfdri ^j^i
ord. num. first; dd nafari first-
born son.
naferko ^S^jAj, f era. taferho ^^^^jJ,
i.q. prec. ; F 147 ga tozo nai
riaferko at its first turning.
nafsi* ^j^, Ar. j^^JU, the desires;
D 22 kubi allah ku her hi Idinu
da shi da nafsi follow God,
cease following the wicked man,
leave both him and his desires.
nagari {Jlj^t fem. taga/ri ^j-^f
pi. nagargaru t^jkjkj^ good.
nagerta Kijiu, goodness, kindness.
wat ^, of him, to him, his; equi-
valent to wflwa, e.g. B 12, 76.
nai ^^, contr. from ^^, I do,
I make, etc.
naiji* ^y^j^, D 47, relations (?).
naima l^, n^ma l^^J, kindness.
The latter form is esp. used in
the Sokoto district Lq. nima,
q.v.
najam* i^U^, Ar. c^»i^, abomi-
nation; yiri najasu to be
filthy.
ria^a iU, separable possessive pron.
second pers. sing. *thy,' used
when possessor and thing pos-
sessed are both masculine ;
when possessor is fern, and
thing possessed is masculine
naki is used ; cf . taka^ taki,
naJd ^ thy ; cf . prec.
nakiri* ^jt^i Ar. j^, Nakir,
an angel whose office, according
to Mohammedan belief, is to
try the dead in their graves;
cf. D 41 note.
naku ^, separable possessive pron.
second pers. pi., used when the
object possessed is masculine;
cf . taku,
nakuda* jXj, cf. (f) Ar. isJu, to be
in travail.
nama UU, pi. namomi ^^^u,
1. flesh, meat, A 22 ; naman
daji bush-meat, venison, game;
2. narnan daji wild beast, also
as coll. the beasts of the field.
namiiji ^t^ ^ »>, fem. tamata* UUJ.
Both forms were originally
compounded of the preposi-
tions 9m, ta^ and the nouns
miji and mata. 1. male, fem.
female ; 2. namiji also = man,
husband, the pi. is then tnaza ;
namiji da shara, lit. the man
with the broom, a taunt ap-
plied to a bachelor, because he
has to sweep his own house;
phr. jan namiji = with reckless
courage; cf. miji.
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ncvmuj^y separable possessive pron.
first pers. pL * our/ used when
object possessed is masculine ;
cf. tarau.
nom ^, 1. this, that, these, those,
e.g. doH nan this horse, VUa-
tafai nan these books; 2. so,
ag. shi he nom it is so ; 3. here,
e.g. ha shi nan ha he is not
hera nam, da nan v>^jUi, an
adv. expr. = 1. in a moment,
instantly, quickly, e.g. nan da
nan ka komo return forthwith ;
2*. = kusa kusay e.g. doM nan
ahina na/n da nan da wa/na/n
this room (or house) is quite
close to that one; cf. seq.
nam^a U>, here, hither, this, A 10 ;
cf. prec.
naAfwf{f)a UZ), a plant with small
black seeds, red inside; a medi-
cine for men is made from it ;
cf. (?) Ar. iULiU = ammium
cumine.
nxindarujm^ see nxjm,
nomi ^U, 1. to flatten; nanane
-jUi, flattened ; maihanchi
na/nane a man with flattened
nose ; 2. to stick as with gum,
etc. ; 3. to stick, adhere to.
nansa/ri, to snore ; cf . minshari,
narike lA^j^t ^ melt, to smelt ;
particip. adj. na/rike, fem. na-
riA^, pi. noriA^ melted, nao'iku
^y^ to melt, be melted.
nasa |^, separable possessive pron.
third pers. sing. *his,* used
when possessor and thing pos-
sessed are both masculine ; cf.
naJta^ see Gr. p. 17.
na^\8)aflra \j*ci^ Ar. j^oi, victory,
success, good luck ; G 2 6a ya
yi nasaan'a ha he did not obtain
the victory. mw(#)arcAi Cj|-ai,
victory, success.
nashxi* UJ, a shortened form of
ahinsha drink found at 35
saiko ahinchi nai nasha nasa
kun jia except his food and
drink, do you understand ?
nas(8)a* ^^, Ar. ^^, used of
drawing water.
nas^* ^joj, text of the Koran;
E 11 ku dubi nassi ku yi
ziyaya thou regardest the text,
understand it well.
nastaHnu* ^^>jjC»>J, Ar. ^^ x,
we ask help ; cf . G 1 note.
nasu ^jmjy separable possessive
pron. third pers. pL 'their,'
used when the object possessed
is masculine ; cf. taau.
nata Ui, third pers. possessive fem.
pers. pron. *her,' used when
object possessed is masc. and
possessor is fem.; also some-
times used as first pers. pos-
sessive fem. *my,' when the
object possessed is masc. and
the possessor is fem.; cf. Gr.
p. 17. ^
natsu* y^ (cf. (?) Ar. rt ^\
calm, absence of wind, then,
relaxation ; £ 62 giddan da ha
natsu ha hutawa it is a house
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173
yjn^
in which is no relaxation or
rest ; cf . (?) seq.
wotew* (usually pronounced nazu)
yhJ (cf. Ar. rt ^Jou, to be
distant), used with hcmkaliy
e.g. hankalinsa ya nazu lit. his
wits are away, i.e. his wits
have not yet come back to
him, he is still asleep or un-
conscious.
naiiku «iW, fem. taiiku <iw, ord.
num. third; A 48 naiikunsu
the third among them, the
third one of them.
nautoa* \^^, weight; cf. mai-
nautoa a man who goes slowly.
nauyi or noyi ^i^, weight, heavi-
ness ; da nauyi heavy.
nawa \^, separable possessive pro-
noun first pers. sing. *mine,*
used when the possessor and
the thing possessed are both
masc. ; cf. Gr. p. 17.
nawa t^, often pronounced na/u-
wa (cf. (i) Ar. ^a^, about,
according to), how much ? how
many? e.g. na/wa ne kurdi what
is the amount? su yi naiva
how many were there? gudda
nawa how many ?
nawaya ut^, distress, e.g. ka sa
mani nawaya you cause me
distress, ni na gamtu da na-
waya I experienced distress;
cf. (?) nauwa.
nazu* JbJy see natsu''^,
n6 ^ or ni* ^y to be, used with
any person or number but
usually with masc. subject;
with a fem. subject che is
used, while ke is used with
either gender. It is usually
placed at the end of the clause,
e.g. wa>nan bara^ ne this man
is a thief, though it might be
written loa/nan shi ne barao,
ne is often pronounced and
sometimes written m, cf. C 13,
38, F16, etc.; cf. similar use
of ke and ki,
nema j^y to seek, look for, search ;
as n. verbi F 65 A» her muma
da neman nan ta dunia leave
off rejoicing and seeking after
this world ; a pass, form a/nim
is found in B 155 kai dai anim
shinni gun mallamai thou must
seek knowledge with the mal-
lams, nemo 3^^), to go to seek
and return with a thing, F
122.
n>en{n)a or nin(n)a ^ or nuna
jjj, 1. to be fully cooked, e.g.
ahinchi ya n^enna the food is
finished cooking ; 2. to be ripe,
e.g. diyan itache ta nenna the
fruit of the tree is ripe, nen-
{n)a tJ, nen{n)ane ^JJJ or
nunane ^^Ui, pi. nen(n)anu
^■^LJLj or nunamAi yJJ>Jf 1.
cooked, baked; 2. ripe.
nesa ^^0*^, \Lij, distance, da nesa
at a distance, far, dagga nesa
from afar, nesanta C M *.»i»^ S to
place at a distance, to drive
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174
y^i
away, neaanchi ^ll o or ni-
aanchi ^%;.»uj^», to keep aloof
from.
ni ^, i, first pers. pron. sing,
comm. gender, *I'; when fol-
lowed directly by a verb it is
used like zani to denote the
future tense ni taffi I will go.
It is often placed for the sake
of emphasis before na or ina-y
ni na taffi it was I who went,
or I indeed went; cf. nia,
ni ^J^ first pers. suffixed pron.
comm. gender preceded by 1. a
verb, e.g. sun kirani they called
me; indirect obj. e.g. ya bani
toana/n he gave me that; 2. a
prep. e.g. mani to me, gareni,
id.
ni* ^-J, to be; cf. ne.
nia l^ = is it I? do you mean me?
e.g. in answer to a call, esp.
used in the district of Sokoto.
Possibly nia was originally a
feminine form of ni,
niam* j^, Ar. j^^ prosperous,
found B 169 tana niam it is a
prosperous place; cf. nima.
niddma, remorse; cf. ncuMtna,
nif(/)a, to wish ; cf. rmf(/)e.
nik{k)a ^, to grind ; duchi nikka
= a mill.
nima Ua), Ar. Si^Mjj pleasure,
kindness ; D 75 mu sha nima
we shall have pleasure; F 102,
222, 223; cf. niam, naima,
nimka ^sX^y l£^, to fold up cloth,
paper, etc. ; i.q. links, q.v.
nin{n)a, to be ripe; cf. nen{n)a.
nvnkaya* tjf^, to dive, to sink.
niaanchi to keep aloof from; cf.
neaanchi.
niahi ^J^, groaning; yin niahi
to groan, used of a sick man ;
F 79, 107.
-nka, -nkij -nku, -nm.u, inseparable
possessive pronouns ; cf . ka, ki,
ku, mu; see H. Gr. p. 17.
noma j^yt, nomx i^^ or noma
^^, to work with the hoe,
to till the ground, nminoma
^y^ or mMinomi ^^y^,
pi. mxiaunoma U^U^U, a tiller
of the ground, manomi i<«yU,
a sowing-place ; A 10 i^a dunia
nana che manomi ga lahira
this world is a sowing-place
for the next, noma U^, farm-
work ; A 24 noma ga mMa hai
ka/mata ha kv/n aanni farm-work
is not becoming for a wife,
you know, B 86.
nom>e, see Tioma.
noms i^^i a plant about three
feet in height, the white grains
of which are ground and eaten.
nomt, see noma,
nono ^y, pi. ncmwa* ^yy, 1.
breast, pap ; 2. milk.
noyi, weight ; cf. nauyi.
-naa, -nahi, -nau, -nta, inseparable
possessive pronouns; cf. aa,
ahi, au, ta; see Gr. p. 17.
nuche, to immerse ; cf . nuta.
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175
M?
to search for, to wish for;
B 42 kaina na ke niffa ha kotva
ha I myself desire nothing, ya
yi nuffe = he desired or he
purposed. nu/(/)i ^ju, ob-
ject of desire; F 251 da na
fita sokoto. . .nuffina that I may
go forth from Sokoto is my
desire.
" ■* . *
nuna ^jj, num ^^, to show,
to point, to explain, e.g. B 41
abinda mallaminka ya nn-
nama (=nuna maka) that which
your Mallam explains to you.
manuni ^^J^JLo, forefinger.
^ ^ J
nunatva t^U>>, particip. form,
showing, manifestation, expla-
nation.
nunane, cooked ; of. nen(n)a,
nurayiahu* ^j!^jJ = 1260; cf . F
255 note.
nuri* j^, to gaze upon, C 15 kai
nuri wawa behold the fool;
cf. annuri and (?) lura,
nu8(8)ay 'n/U8(8)e, mi8(8)o, see nuta.
nuta w, mi8{8)a tw or nii8(8)e
^^MJ, to dive, dip under water,
sink. nuta is more com-
monly used in the Sokoto
district, nus(8)a or nvs{8)e in
Kano. mi>8{8)o ymjf 1. to dive;
2. to enter or come into a
town or place, nuclie ^i),
to immerse (cf. (?) Ar. ,^).
-ntva \y*, inseparable suffixed in-
terrogative pronoun = whose?
dokinwa whose horse? tum-
kianwa ke nan whose sheep
is this ?
The sound of the English o is
represented in Hausa by ^— ,
^-1 or - ; the first representa-
tion is the most correct, cf.
gogo yJLyJL) the second is
usually pronounced au^ but in
certain districts the sound
heard in many words is much
more frequently that of o, cf.
3^, to-day, which is generally
pronounced yo; the third form
is used when the o is short or in
a closed syllable ; cf. J^ gorzo.
orraki ^J^j^^ and dan orraki, ass
belonging to a celebrated Su-
danese breed, large-sized and
of a light tawny colour.
othman ^jUji, Ar., Othman, F242.
En Hausa as in Arabic there is no
distinctive symbol for the letter
p. It is usually represented
by ^ /, though occasionally
^ 5 is pronounced as p. In
many words the sounds / and
p are constantly interchanged.
pa^o, woman's luggage carried in
bag; ct/ago,
palasa or /alasa LJLf, punishment.
palashe ^jtkf, to punish, e.g.
ya palaaheni he punished me.
pedvnwota*, often.
jHilpashe^fa/irifasha^ an intensive
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Vj
form of /<wA«, q.v., to break
in pieces.
pa/mpame i*<oU^) a wind-instru-
ment used by a court musician.
pansa or fcmsa Lm^JL^, ransom.
panaatoa or /ansatva t^L***?,
ransoming; cf. under yaw«a.
pcmshe ^ji^, pansi ^^yJ^t to
ransom, redeem ; cf . under
fanshe.
J ^ ^
pasakmi* ^j>C«4, a Nup6 tree,
its fruit is used as a medicine.
pa{8)8he ^^i to burst, to break ;
cf. under yowAe.
pashi i5«tkf a small kcmto of an
inferior kind of salt used in
making mia, etc.
pet{t)i pet(t)i ^ ^^, a soft mash
of rice, guinea-corn or any-
thing similar.
put or ful* Ji, = very many ;
shortened forms are fu* or
bu* ; fu and/i^Z are the forms
used in Sokoto ; pul is used at
Kano; cf. Fulah/o altogether,
completely.
The letter J is used by the Hausas
to represent the sound of the
English r. It is sometimes
interchanged with ^ e.g. Aar6i,
haXbi ; firmahi, fdtmaJd.
ra ij, J, a shortened form of rana^
day, e.g. 27 kwma babu mur-
na ra shiggatua dunia more-
over there is no joy on the
day of entry into the world;
C 28, 29.
raha ^j, 1. to divide, to separate,
cf. B 23 n.; 2. to distribute,
pass, cmrabaf B 131 ; amJccuraba,
E 38 ; 3. to decide, e.g. as a
judge ; mairaban gasMa a dis-
tinguisher or decider of right,
used of a judge (alkali) ; 4. to
part from, leave; 5. raha l^j,
parting ; C 29 hika mu kai
mata don rahanta da dunia
we lament over it on account
of its parting from the world.
rab(b)i ^j or rib{b)i* ^j, to
part, to separate, B 57, 58;
158 ma/roMwa the angel of
death, lit. he who separates;
cf. phr. ya rahbi /a^alinsa he
interprets. rab(b)i ^j, hall
rahahe t^jy fern, rahaha \^j,
pi. raM>uy^jy divided, cloven,
separated, ralm ^j, ^\j, intr.
and pass, form of raba, 1. to
be divided; 2. to depart, slip
from, leave, e.g. rahu da wuta
move away from the fire;
tunda ahekara bokkoi na rahu
da kano it is seven years since
I left Kano. rahua \^y sepa-
ration, estrangement, raho or
Tohu 3-^j, >vl;) pl- TaherHbi
^j-ij, division, part, e.g. B 82
ralmnta bokkoi its divisions
are seven; share or portion;
E 8 rahon doki da maidoki the
share assigned to a horse and
its owner; portion, lot, A 22
da raho umta their portion
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177
^b
shall be the fire; separation,
B 118 sarikin rabo author of
separation; C 30 rahonta da
dunia its separation from this
world; cf. raraba.
raba lf\j, also reaha lf\m-j (cf. Ar.
^^^j IV, to make anything
moist), dew.
rabahe, see raba,
rabbi yj» l50» '^^ {^J ^^
rab{b)a* WJ (A 48), Ar. vj>
Lord, a title of God ; cf. C 1,
D2.
rabchi*, hot ashes (Sok.) ; cf. ru-
fushi.
rahe* ^^^j^ to cling to, draw
near to; B 121 yawanda ta
taffo ta rabeshi when it comes,
it draws near to a man.
rah(b)% half; cf. raha.
rabji ^j^j, a panther = the Ar.
rahiui, separation; cf. raha,
rache ^\j or ratse yj^j, to turn
out of the way, to lose the
way; cf. rotea, ra8{8)a,
rad(d)a ^j, 1. to whisper, speak
secretly; 2. radda \^j or rod-
(d)ata Uij, n. whispering, B 7,
E 24; mairad(d)a a whisperer.
^q/a l^j, a maternal uncle.
ra/(/)a l^j, a net for catching fish,
esp. used in Sokoto ; cf. koma,
rafaki lAjy ^ cling to or hide
behind any person or thing in
fear; cf. a/ranfaki to lie in wait.
rafi ^tj, pi. rafuna U^lj or rafa-
fuka ^Mftj, brook, pool; cf.
(?) refe, *
ra/onia lei>?!;, pi. ra/ani ^^\j,
a round closed-in chamber,
built of mud, about four feet
across, common in Hausa huts,
used for storing grain or trea-
sure.
raga Ulj, pi. ragogi ^^>fttj, cf.
(?) Ar. ui), 1. a kind of sack
made of network; aikin raga —
network; 2. a net for fishing.
ragaiay see ragaya.
ra^aita U^tj, pi. ragaitu y!^\j,
idleness, want of employment.
niairagaita yZfjJ^j^^, one who
saunters idly about.
ragama l^j, halter, a rope put on
horses or camels to lead them,
also a leather halter decorated
with metal.
ragaya l^tj, pi. yt^\jy a rope tied
to* anything, e.g. to a rafter in
the roof, ropes supporting a
shelf, etc. ; A 13 mu ga anka/a
ragaya ajia zari we see ropes
set up (for weaving), and thread
is placed ready.
ra>ge, ragi, to decrease ; cf . reg(g)i.
rago ykSjj fern, ra^gtui t^lj, pi.
ragaye ^^^jt an idle person ;
rago maza a bird whose note
is heard in the evening, said
by the Hausas to be so called
because it is idle, its mate pro-
viding it with food [or it may
12
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178
j^^i
be derived from the Ar. •Uj,
a species of bird, from Ar.
rt jiij, to call loudly]; of.
danraguvxi, ragonchl %^M^tj,
idleness.
rago y^\jy pi. raguna U^lj, 1. a
ram ; 2. fig. a chief warrior.
ragonchi, idleness ; cf . r(Ago,
ragu, to decrease ; cf . reg(g)i,
ragtui, diminishing ; cf. reg{g)i,
rdha* L\j, Ar. L\j, 1. to exult;
2. \iL\jy singing, exulting ; yin
rdha to speak proudly.
rat ^, pi. raiu yij and ramA^
t^j, feminine gender, 1. life;
da rai living, alive, na rike
wankn rai da rai I will stick
to this all my life; 2. mind,
soul; cf. phr. da gvriman rai
haughty, da karamin rai mod-
est, humble, da zafin rai
irritable, fretful, da sainyin
rai of patient temper or dis-
position; 3. followed by pos-
sessive pron. = self, e.g. F 254
fa raina kun ji na yiwa wonga
tuaatsi and I myself, do you
hear, make this song of in-
struction; 4*. the plural rai-
uka is applied to evil spirits.
raia or raya ^j, ^Ij, 1. to keep
alive, e.g. ya raiasu aloka^hin
yunwa he kept them alive in
time of famine; 2. to restore
to life or being, B 102, D 61.
raieada ju^j, to quicken, raiu*
yij, to come to life.
raidore ^j^J^y a plant, the leaves
of which are bruised and rub-
bed on the chest as a medicine
= tafeaaa,
raieada, to quicken ; cf. raia,
raina ^j^j, to quarrel with; pro-
bably another form of rena,
q.v.
ratrat ^jJj or rere ^fyJj^ 1. sand;
2*. a grass from the leaves
of which when ground up a
medicine is made; it has sharp
thorns.
raircmif a sieve ; cf . rereya,
rairo ^j>ij, the beard of a goat.
raiutoa \^^j, coming back to
life ; cf . rai,
rak{k)a l^J, Ar. ii^^j, prostration
in prayer ; cf . roko,
raka i)j, to accompany, to escort.
rakia l^j, L5^-^» *^® *^* ^^
accompanying; yin rakia to
escort, A 26 A^ ^ kokari rakia
rua a>ehikkin dere do thou en-
deavour to escort her to the
water in the evening.
J ^ ^ J ^ J
rakaso y^j or ruka^o y>»^jy to
pursue in war.
raki* ^^j, fear, in phr. na yi
raki = na ji taoro I fear.
rahwmi j^\^y pi. rakuma Us>tj,
Ar. v>^j» <5amel, E 30, F 219 ;
cf. phr. rakumin allah a man
of extraordinary patience, ror-
I kumin kaaa larva of a small
I species of ant.
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^
179
01,
rama j^\j, u\j, 1. to pay, make
restitution, restore, give in
place of; 2. to revenge; mai-
rama, pi. nuisurama avenger;
cf . ramche,
Twmxt ^Ij, cf. Ar. ^^j, to be or
become lean, rama Utj, lean-
ness ; cf . yin rama to be lean,
ya yi rama he is getting lean,
ie. he is very ill. aram£
^^tjl or ramame ^^j, fern.
ram^zmia If^^x^lj, pi. ramamu
y^\jy particip. adj. lean, ema*
ciated.
rama, a reed; cf. ramma,
ram(m)a j^j, Uj, to accompany,
e.g. zani rammaka = zani tare
da kai I will accompany thee.
ram^/ie ^^Ji^y 1*. a debt; 2. yin
ramche to borrow, pawn, pledge,
e.g. «wn yt ram^hen kurdina
they borrowed my money; see
ram^i to pay ; cf . aro,
ram% ^ij, pi. ramwna lutj, hole,
pit, e.g. B 127 ^Ama ^am ha
shi ahigga rami ha he beholds
but does not enter the pit.
a*- 9 js J
ramma, Uj, Ar. iUj, 1. a plant
from which native ropes are
made, soup is also made from
it; it grows like a reed; 2. the
rope made of this plant.
ram9M*}^j, Ar.j^j, a sign of ab-
breviation in writing, F 255.
rana Ulj or ra Ij, pi. ranuka* txJIj,
1. the sun ; Aor raria ta fadi =
until the sun set ; 2. the day,
properly the time from sunrise
to sunset; cf. kwana the day
of 24 hours, rana is however
frequently used like hwana,
e.g. rana uhu three days, hwa^
naki ^^>^ is often used as
the plural of rana. When rana
means *day ' it is either masc.
or fem., when it means *sun'
it is fem.; mu yi taffia rana
duka we travelled all day,
D 61 rana chan on that day,
ranan gohe (lit. the day of to-
morrow), the last day, the re-
surrection day (= ranan kiama,
A 31, 32). ra is often used as
an abbreviation of rana] cf.
ra/n gohe B 11, 140. randa =
rama da on the day that, ie.
when. ram8una Xiy^Jj, the day
on which a child receives its
name, rana is usually placed
before the days of the week,
which are : lahadi Sunday,
latini Monday, talata Tuesday,
la/raba Wednesday, aZhamia
G 6 Thursday, aljimua Friday,
assvhat Saturday.
The hours of the day are
approximately : jijifi the twi-
light jusfc before the dawn;
assuha or azvha the dawn;
hanchi two hours after dawn,
circ. 8 a. m. ; wollata circ.
10 a.m.; rana tsaka or tsakan
rama midday; zoioall circ.
2 p.m. ; azuhv/r the call to
prayer, circ. 4 p.m. ; laasa/r
circ. 6 p.m. ; Tnaguriha or ma-
12—2
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\^J
180
^J
garuh late in the evening;
liaha very late in the evening;
between liaha and jijifi comes
dere night.
rcmche
L5r!^'
to swear, take an
oath ; na ranche da allah I
swear by God; cf. rantstua,
randa tjjj, pi. randuna UjJj, a
large earthen pot,
rangqji* ^jtfJuj, to sway to and fro.
rcmgamuj^j, an abbreviation of
ranan gamu, day of meeting ;
J) S ku ji choro {t$oro) akoi
rangamu mu da mu da allah
be afraid, there is a day of
meeting between us and God.
rangaz{z)a* ]/JUj, plague amongst
men or cattle.
rani t^lj, cf. Ar. ^>^j, the hot
and dry season, lasting seven
months, during which little or
no rain falls, then follows
baaaraf q.v., for one month,
then dania/na the wet season,
for three months, and then
kakka the harvest month; ram.i
ya deddi lokachi dogo the dry
season lasted a long time.
ranswrui, the day on which a child
receives its name ; cf . suna.
rantsua t>kuj, an oath, yi/n ranUnui
to swear; cf. ranche,
roAraiba ^jjy ra/rahi* ^jjy B 94
note, intensive forms of raha,
q.v., to divide, to scatter ; E 8
a/ra/rabata a division is made.
mura/raha ^jj^ divided, B 23
mnraraha da ha 8%i gamu katsu
the regions which are divided
and have never met.
rarabiy see prec.
ra^ra/e ^jj, to creep or crawl,
of animals, to walk on four legs
like an animal, 6 171. mai-
rarafoy pi. masvrarafey creeping
things, reptiles = abin kasa,
rare ^j^jt to strain, to filter.
mairaretva \y*j\jt^ pi* ma,8U-
rarewa ty^t^^^L*, one who
strains or filters. marari
^j\j^y a strainer or filter,
usually in the form of a small
grass basket through which
water is strained out in making
bread, etc. ; cf. rereya and seq.
rania Ijjjtj, 1. a calabash with holes
in bottom, used for straining ;
2. a hole in a wall for water
to flow out; cf. prec.
ra8{8)a^jy Lf^, 1. to lose; na rassa
hainya I have lost the way;
2. to be lost; 3. not to be in
possession of a thing, to be
without; B 10 &a 8hi rassa
huja ha he is not without
reason, reahi iJ^j or ra(8)8hi
^J^j loss, a being without any-
thing ; sanu da reshi a form of
salutation to one who has lost
a relative or friend by death ;
cf. sanu da kewa and aa/nu da
rahua-y E 49 i^ hahu raashi
da kowa without lack of any-
thing, yin reahi to lose, reahin
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181
^J
ka/rifi weak, reshin haifua bar-
ren, reshin lafia ill; cf. mcMraa
without, which is probably
formed from this. ra8{8)u y^aj,
to depart; ya rassu he died.
rflw(«)i ijtttjy to go out of the way,
to make room for, e.g. ina
rassitva daga bissa hainya
I stand aside from the path.
ra«(«)w, to depart; cf. ra^8)a.
rasulu* ^y^j, Ar. ^y^j, one sent
(from God), B2, F27.
rat{C)ata^ U3j, abundance, e.g. of
food, water, etc.
*» ^ ^ .^^ ^
rataya or ratata ^J^j, Iplj, to
hang up, to hang, to tie; D 16.
rcUiiyawa particip. adj.; F216
da siliyoyi ado su ka ratayawa
and beautiful chains shall they
hang (upon themselves), yin
rataya to hang, suspend.
ratsa* ij, ilj, 1. to turn aside;
E 44 mu ratsa ta zaria we
turn aside from Zaria, E 45
mu ratsa kano we turn aside
from Kano; 2. of words in a
book, to pass over, miss, A 73,
possibly formed from ra8(8)a^
q.v. ; cf. roAihe,
rauda 35^, b^j, cf. Ar. rt ^^j,
1. to shake, e.g. 8U ka rauda
kansu they shook their heads ;
cf. kauda kai; 2. to drive
away.
rauni 0A)» ^' '^^^^^^j bruise; da
rauni wounded; 2*, ^3ji ^
wound, bruise.
rauni* t^^jy to sway to and fro.
^0 ^ ^ »x
raura j^j, t^jj, to tremble, to
shake, to shiver or shudder, as
with cold; raurawa shaking,
trembling; yin rau/rawa to
become deranged or raving.
rawa \yj, dance; yin ra/wa to
dance, ina taka ravxi I dance.
rawaHya or rawoA^a Qjjt, pi. ra-
J ^ ^
waiyu yi^j^ yellow.
rawanx i*M), pi. rawwna Ujj,
a bandage of any kind, head-
dress, turban; rawanin sor
rauta = the badge or insignia
of royalty, F 202 da wandunan
unUa/a kaza raumna they shall
have trousers of fire and tur-
bans of fire.
raya^ rayuwa, see raia^ raiuwa,
razan(n)a \jj\j or raza^n)i i^j^j,
1. terror; B^6 da hahu razani
without fear; 2. ^^jjlj, to fear,
to start or hasten in fear of
anything; D 38 ba mutv^ ni
ke razana I do not fear death,
F 75 A» raTiana dagga kvxina
hasten to arise from sleep.
reba/nda/ri* ^jJ^j, to go into a
dark place, to hide.
reda jjjy 1 . to grind wheat, guinea-
corn, etc. ; 2. to cut into small
strips, to cut marks on. mat-
reda^ q.v., a miller, ma/rede a
mill-stone.
'^^f^ \J^} (^^- -^^- S*0» * region
near water), steep bank or edge
of stream or pond ; cf . (?) rail,
reji* s^^ or refo ykjj, pi. refina
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u,
(ijuj and re/u ^j, a branch,
used esp. in Sokoto district;
cf. resile.
reg{g)a Uj, pi. reg{g)mia \ltj, rags,
old clothes.
reg{g)h ragi ^Jkj, ^, rage ^j, 1.
V. tr. to diminish, to decrease ;
B 69, 77; 2. v. intr. B 17.
ragu y^\j, intr. and pass, to
decrease; rana ta ragu the
day is on the wane, ragua
\^\y diminishing, decrease.
rehwa \^j, a small black bee.
reme ^^jt a very large species of
tailless rat living in rocky
ground; probably a species of
jerboa (kurege),
rena qjjj 1. to slight, neglect,
disregard, e.g. shma rena aho-
kinsa he despises his friend;
part, form renavxi despising;
2. to refuse, rena Ujj or reni
i^ji despising; renin wanfo
contempt of advica renxvae
--JUjj, fem. rename, Ui^ij, pi.
rena/nu y^jy despised, despic-
able; cf. raina,
reno ^jj to lull, nurse, bring up,
educate; mairenOf pL masureno
nurse, tutor.
reran, reren QdJj^ on the back of,
Tia fadi reran = I fell on my
back.
rere, sand ; cf . rairai*
rerebi ^^j^j^ to look closely at, e.g.
182 ^
80 as to distinguish two things
that are much alike.
rerereu yy>yji a shout or chant of
• • •
joy, it implies ka zo kaji come
and hear !
rereya \jjjj or rairaia b^j, a
sieve or fan for sifting.
rero* ^j^j, wool from a sheep; also
applied to its hair and beard.
reshs ijfS^j, branch, bough; cf. refi.
reshij loss; cf. ras{8)a^
reto yjjy to shake to and fro,
possibly connected with ra-
ta/ya\ cf. seq.
reto yU^y hanging ; cf . (f ) prec.
ria* Ijjj, Ar. ^Ij, to pretend, to
dissimulate.
^ * * ^
riha K^j, Ar. w^, 1. profit, esp.
unlawful gain; km riba to
hate covetousness or unlawful
profit, chin riba to gain such
profit, ¥17 ka tuba ka ber riba
ka bada zaka repent, cease
from unlawful gain, give tithes,
F 201 masuriba those who
make unlawful profits ; 2. ^j,
to make unlawful profit.
riba ^j, ruba ^j, to go bad.
ribabe ^^j, fem. ribabia l^j,
pL ribabu y^j, spoiled, rotten,
used of fruit, dates, etc. ribachi
^J^ji to spoil, render bad.
rib{b)i* ^j, half; cf. rab{b)i.
ribbi* ^j, Ar. ^j, 1. num.
myriad ; D 59 ribbi da ribbi
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•»<J
183
Ji
cmtanru myriads and myriads
of them shall be collected, D 64
rihhi aabam seventy thousand-
fold; 2. used as a verb, to
repeat ten thousand times, e.g.
D 44 «u kan ribhi scmduna
maimai kcmian ducitau they
pile up blows many in number
as stones.
rida ju^j, t juj, to seize, to snatch
at in order to eat; C S3 ta
ridasa gwa vmya she seizes
him by the neck; maaurida
gluttons.
ridi ^3), coriander seed; an oil
is obtained from it; cf. main
ridi,
ridi ^>)9 a native cloth of a
black or blue colour, with silk
woven into it.
rife ^jf a form of ru/e, q.v.
riga U^jj, pL rigtma U«^j, tobe,
gown, shirt, and gen. garment,
A 11, F201, 216, 217; sa ri-
guna to put on clothes, riga
saki a dress with small blue
and black squares, riga tsamia
a dress consisting in part of
yellowish brown silk obtained
from a kind of silkworm called
tsamia from its feeding on
tamarind (tsamia) trees. The
tobe (riga) is the characteristic
dress of the Hausas. Immense
quantities of them are manu-
factured in Kano. Its shape
is that of a loose surplice with
a large embroidered pocket in
front. They are made in blue,
red and white cloth.
^(9)^ ^Jy rig{g)aya ^^ or
rig(g)agi* ^^^), to get in ad-
vance of, to oubrun; shi ya
riggamu he got in front of us.
rigi^ kjj, a vegetable used in
making soup]; it has a inint-
like leaf, and purple flower.
rigigi ^j»thf ^ small red bead.
... •
rigingini i«.JUi^, 1. deceitful; ya
yi magana rigingini he ut-
tered deceitful words, mairi-
gingini deceitful; 2. i.q. rin-
gitigine on the back,
n;^ W^> Pl- riyoji jH^>ij or
rijiyoyi ^pt^J (c^- Ar. Uj,
coping stone of a well), well,
spring; rijia da zurifi a deep
well, girut rijia to dig a well.
rik{k)a^ see rik(k)e,
rik{k)ake, held; cf. rik(k)e,
rik(k)awa, holding fast; cf. rik(k)e.
r%k{k)e ^J^, rik{lc)a ^j or rik(k)i''^
^j (B 31), 1. toehold, keep,
retain, cleave to; 2. to hold
fast in the mind, to keep,
observe, e.g. the command-
ments of Grod; 3. used of a
woman, to betroth, to hold be
trothed; in phr. zan rika taffi
I will go at once. rik{k)o yij,
to detain; £ 18 ha riko ha
himbini he does not detain him
or make a long examination.
rik{k)awa I^Uj, holding fast,
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^J^J
184
>'J
cleaving to. rikake tJtij, fem.
rikoMa \tk^jy pi. rikaku ^jy
held, retained. The following
are apparently strengthened
forms of rik(k)e: riske l^^j,
» "i * "' *
riski ^^wj, Tiiska ^SL<tjy to
hold, detain, obtain; B 144
ta kan yi lalaha da ta riskeka
it (the world) would fondle and
detain you, B 64; cf. rukwn.
rik{k)i, see rik(k)e,
mjfiche ^y^j or riMchi iJ^jy
"^ 1. deceit, fraud, double dealing;
D 10; 2. to act deceitfully;
B 100, 107 kadda ka rikiche
ka bi shaahasha act not deceit-
fully nor follow a fooL
rikida J^j, to change oneself, to
be transformed, e.g. as a cha-
meleon is, to change oneself
into or become something dif-
ferent, e.g. na rikida tauntsua
I transformed myself into a
bird, rikidade l^>J^j, fem.
rikidadia l^^j^j, pi. rikidadu
^j^j, changed, transformed.
i^(Jp)o^ see rik(k)e.
mkunihu*
or rikimbu*
y ^^j, abundance, e.g. kaya
riktimbu.
rimdi jlo;, a broad road or track
= godobe,
rimi ^j, ^j^jy the silk-cotton
tree = eriodendron bombax, a
large spreading tree greatly
valued for the shade which it
affords, also for the cotton
obtained from it. Its seeds
are enveloped in long silken
hairs closely resembling the
true cotton, but owing to lack
of adhesion between the hairs
they cannot be manufactured,
but are used for stuffing
cushions; cf. 'Hausaland,' p.
159. Used in making armour;
cf . lufudi, rimi tsamri a grass,
the leaves of which when
beaten up make a pleasant
drink.
nrrnnam ^U), Ar. vI^U;, pome-
granate.
rina* Ujj, a wasp.
nw(n)a, to dye ; cf . rin(n)i,
ringingine* ^^>»^^j, backward ;
8uka fadi ringingine they fell
backwards; cf. rigingini (2),
id.
rin(n)i ^s or riw(w)a ^^^ 1. to
dye, to tinge; 7nairin{n)iy pi.
'ma8v/rin{n)i, a dyer ; 2. colour,
dye. rin(n)ene t^j, rin{n)ena
iijjy pi. rin{n)enu y^j^ dyed,
tinged.
rinjayi ^\at^j or rinjaya ^^^j^
to prevail over, to overcome,
e.g. na rinjayi mutum -na ji
karifinaay B 38 ahi wonda zu-
chiata rinjayi he who over-
comes his own heart.
rino ^jf 1. an iron fork for toast-
ing meat at a fire; 2. a stake,
D16.
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'3J
rinto* yijj, a false accusation.
riabawa* ^^^j^ cf. Ar. v^*
desolation, B 92; see rizhata.
ri^^a Uuf^, a small species of yam
(dioscorea) with a sage-like leaf,
its root eaten like the sweet
potato, or ground up. (In Fulah
risgaje = breadfruit, Barth.)
riske iJ^j, riski tJ^j or ruaka
*» « J*
dLrfj, probably strengthened
forms of rik{k)ey q.v.
rizbata* i^l^jj, Ar. ^w;, to perish,
B 102 note; cf. risbawa,
rize ^jji Ar. jjj, 1. to capture,
also to encompass a town and
capture it; 2. to detect, over-
take in a fault, rizewa tj-jjj)
capturing, etc.
rizunia Ujj, cf. Ar. j^jjy a pack
tied up, a packet of paper not
written upon, etc.
rochi ^j, to strike a blow; cf.
roshi.
rogo ^^y Fulah ragohi (manihot
utilissima), a tuber like dankali,
edible, with milky juice.
rokachi* begging; cf. seq.
roko ^^j, roko ^^j or roka ^jj,
Kanuri logo (cf. Ar. »>^j from
A^j, to bend in prayer), 1. to
ask, beg, pray; B 165, D34; 2.to
J J 6 ^
beg of, ask of. mairoko ^Sd^j^^
beggar. Tiia/rokachi m^^A^ja,
begging; cf. rak{k)a.
romaji^j, U^j, to escort.
romua, rumua \y^j or romo ^j,
broth, soup; romon aariki a
feast held by the heathen in
Hausaland; fig. romon kune,
lit. ear-broth = pleasant words.
rongoda t juuj, a swaggering walk.
rongomi ^^^j, 1. a better state
of health, convalescence, re-
covery; shina da rongomi he
is getting better, yin rongomi
to recover; jin rongomi to feel
better : 2. an amount deducted
from the price paid for ^y
article ; ka yi rongomi grant a
reduction, enna rongomi what
discount do you allow? cf.
ga/ra,
roro ^^jy to glean in a field.
roahi iJ^^jt pl- rataa lilj, a blow,
such as causes a wound or
swelling, e.g. na yi m>aaa roahi
I gave him a hard blow; c£
rochi.
roahi ^j, finely ground, e.g. aZ-
kamma ina da roahi the com
is ground fine; cf. lav^hi,
roahi J!*j, a council, consultation,
talk, gossip, e.g. auna yin
roahi = awna yin ahawora they
consult.
rotd''^ Jjaj, Ar. JJbj, a pound of
twelve ounces, sometimes pro-
nounced rotli. The word is
very little used except by
Hausas in constant intercourse
with Arabs.
rowa l^j, covetousness, F 13; in
A 37 rowa is used as an ad-
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k>
jective, wanda ya ke roiua yana
inuma nata whoever is stingy
(rowa as adj.) and rejoices in
being so, yin rowa to be greedy,
da rouM covetous, greedy,
stingy.
rua Ijj, pi. ruaye ^^^j, 1. water;
F 90 akama nw, rua water is
brought for thee, man demmi
hot water, man kasa^ lit. earth
water, water as in a river,
rua/n sha drinking water, da
rua watery; fig. ya sha rua a
dunia he has enjoyed pros-
perity in this world, rumi ido =
watery eye, i.e. longing eye;
F 230 man nama soup, ruan
tsami vinegar; 2. rain; cf.
also ruan aaina^ lit. sky water,
and rv/in allah; ana ma and
yana rua it rains, rv^n kan-
kara and rua da kankara hail;
3. care, attention, thought,
business, concern, e.g. ha ruanm
it does not concern me, hahu
ruana ga/reka I have nothing to
do with thee, enna ruanka what
does it matter to thee? boMb
komi sai ruan oMah it is God's
concern alone, A 5 kidu mu-
ailmi ha rua alkafiri all the
mussulmans, I care not for the
heathen.
rvha* ^j, to frighten off = wa
hada taoro.
mba, to go bad, as meat or fruit;
cf . riba,
rvhda^ j^j (cf. Ar. i^Avj, to
crouch), ruhda chikki or mfda
chikki to crawl, or be prostrate,
F 1 9 2 /a rubda shikki (= chikki)
dka/njan kafirauxi and the hea-
then shall be dragged prostrate.
Cf . mfdorchikki,
rub{b)e ^jy to break open.
rubsa or ru/aa ^h^J; used with
kuka, to utter a cry.
rvhshi ^^j, hot ashes; cf. rufushi.
rubuchi, writing of any kind; cf.
rubuta,
rvmiir 9^j, Ar. «y^, a quarter.
ruhushi ^^^j, to lose; D 21,
£ 126, 141 kadda ka hita ku
ruhushi gobe follow it (the
world) not lest you lose on
the last day.
rubuta C^yij (cf. Ar. C^j, to
educate children), to write.
J jj
rubutu yiyij, 1. to write;
2. writing, rubuchi ^^j, id.
rudade, see seq.
rude {J^^j, to deceive, entice;
mairudef pi. masurude, deceiver,
B 128 ta rudai = ta rudeahi,
rudade ^»jjj, fem. rudada
b33j, pi. rudadu ^>>3j, de-
ceived, misled; cf. rude and
rwrudi.
rudi ^>^j, to fail to understand
what is said ; cf. gigichi.
mdu ^3j, a light hut raised on
four poles, with thatched roof.
riifa l|j, a dress or cloth used as a
covering ; cf . rufe,
mfdarchik{k)i^ to crawl; cf. rvJbda,
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iS^j)
'^'^f^ yjty^ '^fi UP?J or ^i/*^ L5?i»
to cover, to conceal, to keep
secret; A 31, 32; pass. D 93
kddda arufe kofa beware lest
the door be closed, mairufe,
pi. masurufe^ one who conceals,
e.g. the truth, rufafe i**^,
fem. rufafa U?j, pi. rufafu
yJLJ9j, particip. adj. of ru/e,
covered, concealed; cf. ru/a,
J jj
rufogo ^^ji abundance, a place
for storing com.
J J ^ OJ
rufushi \^,y rvhshi y^j or rabchi*
wA^j, hot ashes, a fire which
has burnt down.
ruga Ujj, a place where animals
are tied up (=ga/rike),
ruga* &^j or raitga Uijj, 1. to
make to flee; 2. to flee.
rtLgu* yk^jy quickly; cf. prec.
rugunguza* j-^^jt to break in
pieces, to smash.
rujia* it^j, an edible root like
the sweet potato dankali but
larger and with watery sub-
stance inside.
rukaso, to pursue; cf. rakaao.
rukuke ^^^ji a wand or stick
carried by officials; cf. seq.
rukuki ^^^y wood, forest.
J J ^ 6 J
rukun* O^J> ^^w* 0-^J» ^^*
rik{k)e, 1. to maintain, A 47;
2. to save, C 37.
rumache ^U^* a mixture of onions,
flour and water ; cf . romiLa,
rumbu yjjy 1. a bam, storehouse
(cf. r<ifonia)y 2. shed, stall in
the market = r?^mjt?a, q.v.
rvmioiui* |>t^j- ^>e-'j» wheel; cf.
dirumbuay kuinhuy shankundm.
rumchi i^j or rumtai t^Ja-^j, cf .
Ar. (^)j^j', to blink with the
eyes.
rumpa Ljjj, pi. rumfuna t-^j*
plauk, table, shed, booth;
stand on which things are
exposed for sale, cover of a
canoe; cf. rumbu,
6J
rumtai* ^Jxoj, to retain, B 27.
rumv4iy broth ; cf . romiuiy rumache,
rungume ^^^jy to embrace.
runhu ^^^j, cf. (1) Ar. ^j, a
small tree with yellow blos-
soms ; an infusion of its leaves
is used for washing by women
about to be confined.
ruTiMma 0"^J ^^ rusona ^^j^j, to
fall down before one, to do
obeisance.
rupta C^j or rupto ^j, to snatch
with violence ; cf . seq.
rupta l;:?j, quickly ; cf . prec.
ruri ^j3jy to roar, to bellow,
used of camel, ox, donkey,
men, A 4; fire, D 72.
rurimi* ^j^j, used in phr. mvr
turn ya yi rurimi he is ill or
distressed.
rurudi* i^>)j, redupl. form of
rudiy e.g. B 147 tana da ru-
rudi don ta yi zamba it
practises deceit in order that
it may commit a crime.
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rushi ^j/^j, to fall into ruin, as a
house, ruahiwa \y^j, falling
into ruin.
rushua* \y^j, Ar. ^y^j, a bribe
given to a judge « toahi.
ruska, to obtain, B 64 ; cf. riske.
ruaki tJ^jt to catch; C 2 zambata
da ta ruaki mcbaugudu nata
the evil which catches even
its swift runners ; cf . (?) riaka.
ruaonay to bow ; cf . runau/na.
ruza j^jy to rush, e.g. out of a
crowd.
^ a and ^jo 9 are used by the
Hausas to represent the sound
of the English a. There is no
distinction of sound between
the two and they are frequent-
ly interchanged. Thus gaakia
truth is written leC...fe, B 66,
or, less commonly, V^^Ci^, B 37.
The letter ^jo a \a compara-
tively seldom used in written
Hausa except in words which
are derived from Semitic roots.
aa ^, pronominal suffix 3rd pers.
masc. sing., 1. -aa or -naa ^^
used as inseparable possessive
pronoun suffixed to masc. or
fem. words provided that the
possessor is masculine, e. g.
ubanaa his father, uwaaa his
mother, giddanaa his house
(this latter would be in Zaria
giddanahdy in Sokoto giddan-
ghi or giddanai) ; 2. as objec-
tive pronoun esp. when pre-
ceded by the prepositions ma
and gare, e.g. maaa or gareaa*
to him.
aa 1^, C, 1. to lay, put, place,
ya aaahi chikkin aanfo he
placed it in the basket; to
put on, to wear, used of
clothes, etc.; to lay aside, B
83 van bada gaakia mu aa
ka/nkanche let us give credence,
let us put aside quarrelling,
cf. note, ad loc; 2. to cause,
to make do, e.g. ahi ya aa na
taahi it was the cause of my
starting, aa^auxi* t^tUf, placing
of a thing.
aa C, bull, f. aa^ia i^C, cow, pL
a?ia/nu ^\^y cattle; cf. aakaza.
aa>a ILf or cUf, Ar. ^Lf, 1. time,
season; also used for time-
piece, watch, clock; 2. used
adverbially with nan and da,
saanan ^Ur or ^jJsX^ay at
that time, then, G 3 ; aaanda
juUr or jU^Lf, at the time
that, when; toane aaa when?
aaada* btjur, Ar. S>1ju#, happi-
ness, D 79.
aaanmiy then ; cf. aa>a,
aaxmday when; of. aaa^
aaati* L^tU», a foot-soldier who
does not possess a horse.
aaawa*, placing of a thing; cf. aa,
aaba v^> W^> to be accustomed
to, na aaba da woman I am
accustomed to or practised in
this ; cf . acibo.
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5^Ud
8db{h)a ^^.w, to fight, to nib (?).
saha, the cast skin of a serpent;
cf. suaba,
8ah(b)ahi ^*^f^ or 8ub(b)abi ^«i»i»,
s ^
Ar. ^^.MMi, 1. reason, cause, bahv,
sahabi without cause; 2. vio-
lent dispute, angry words, cf.
sabe* ; 3. accident, misfortune,
e.g. sabahi ya sameshi an acci-
dent happened to him; mai-
sahabi, pi. masusabc^i = mis-
chief-maker, yin sababi to do
mischief.
sabani i«3W^> disagreement, break-
ing up of friendship.
§ahara S^f^ (cf. (?) Ar. j^^i^\ a
small thorny palm ; cf. arsor-
beri,
8ah{b)a/ra \j-^f^^, 8ah{b)ura \j>.>^^,
Ar. }^j^, a place with no
trees or houses, but grass only.
^ St ^ ' J St^
sabbada* o^ or sabbado* ^o^ or
^i^ Si ^
aahboda* jlm«», Ar. ^^.w, 1. be-
cause of, sahbada wanan for
this reason; 2. in exchange
for. The word is very rarely
used in correct Hausa.
sabboda*, see prec.
aahe* ^t-», Ar. ^^.w, to revile,
F34
sabe i^, of irregular lengths
(ba daidai ba\ used also of
paper arranged with irregular
edges ; cf . sasabe,
8ab{b)ero ^j-^, sabro ^j»t^, sauro
JO ^ J ^
^jy>a or samro y^^^^ a mos-
quito, sometimes used also for
bug [cf . Ar. j[^>, a wasp].
sahira* l^iw, a sort of leathern
bag or pouch; cf. saritd.
^dbiri* ^J^U^, Ar. >*-«, patient,
found with Ar. article essdbiri
in A 40.
sabka ^
or
or sabki ^^C^
1. to let down,
sapka
to lower, to unload camels;
hence, 2. to alight at a place
(cf. Ar. Jjj), to lodge; ma-
sahki or giddan sabka (cf. Ar.
JjJU) inn. sabka^ ^^J^ or
sapkas ^jJj^y used with c/a
to let down ; na sabkaa da
kaya = na sabka kaya I laid
down the load, to unload.
sabJceke ^Ju£^, let down, laid
down, sabko ^Xw, 5a/%o or
sapko ^XjLttf, to start, to set
out; cf. sauka.
sabo ^t^, fem. sdbua t^U^, pi.
?a6* i^U9, new, fresh, young ;
sabon wata new moon; na sabo
again, D 18 maituba ba shi
komo ga aiki nai na sabo he
who repents, returns not to
his work again.
«a5o^Lf, habit, practice, custom;
aikin dunia duka sai saho no
work in the world can be
accomplished except by prac-
tice; cf. saba,
fa6o*^Li, fixed abode, B 145.
sabro^ mosquito; cf. sab{b)ero.
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^^
sahtu yif^i saptu ^2x»a or aotu*
^^ (cf. Ar. ^iifl and Pers.
A^AMf), a trust, yin aahtu to
entrust, e.g. na yi sabtu masa
kurdi I entrusted the money
to him.
sahua 1^U» or zahua l^jj, pi. «aW
^\1» or zaU ^\}y guinea-fowl,
zakara sabi the male bird.
oraTTiov, soap, aabunin sdlo a
superior soap, e.g. that im-
ported via the Nup6 country,
used for washing the face.
8ah{h)ura, a barren field, etc. ; cf.
8ah{b)ara,
8ahur(r)a l/^C, a tree with small
white leaves ; cf. (?) §aha/ra,
8€Lche or ^ache, to steal ; cf . sata,
aadada* >t juf, possibly for sandiui
. to creep along unperceived [or
more probably it may be from
Ar. juf, to close in, to act as
a boundary to], B 118 note;
cf. sadda.
saddka Ujud, Ar. ^juo, 1. alms,
almsgiving, A 83 sadaka da
haiwa du ya bai almajirai he
gave all offerings and gifts to
(his) followers; 2. to give alms,
e.g. A 46 tvanan da ke sadaka
da haiwa maiyawa one of these
gave alms and showed much
generosity.
^adaka lit ju0, Ar. 4i) ju0, a female
slave, a concubine.
J ^ » ^ , 4f ,
sa^danu* qSjjus (cf. Ar. jjut iv.
to assist), found as v. at F 239
8u sa^da/nu they go as an es-
cort.
sadare ^jju», Ar. ^ju», to be
confounded, A 8 ; cf . fandare,
St «'
aadda ju», Ar. id., to close, to
shut up, to put an end to a
quarrel between two men.
aaddu ^ju« or ^^Lf, 1. to agree
with a person ; 2. to meet on the
road, to meet with, E49 shikkin
(i.e. chikkin) dadi mu aaddu
da larahawa with joy we shall
meet with the Arab& saddtba
t^juf, particip. form, 1. con-
cord; 2. meeting with.
aaduda, confidence, etc.; cf. ;Aa-
ditda.
aa/a* or 8a/(/)a* ^Cmi, to increase,
used with arziki, D 35; cf.
aa/age* ^j»^f one who scatters
his enemies in war.
9^fi L^^ or safia (^\^, Ar.
2 /
iJ^^ {sctfe is used as fem.,
A 11), early morning; aa/e ya
yi morning came, da aafe in
the morning. All; aanu da
aafe good morning ! aai da
aafe good night ! kowache aafia
every morning ; aafia is used
adverbially in B 103 en ka ga
aafi>a rana if thou beholdest
the sun in the dawn, sasafe
^Lio-id, very early in the
morning.
*^ ^^> ^ long leathern boot
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reaching about ten inches up
the leg.
§affu yLio, Ar. ^^i^, a line or
row, e.g. as formed for prayer.
yin saffu to form a line ; D60,
F 92 atsaida saffu asscdlashe a
line is formed, prayer is said.
safi
or sa.
unalloyed, pure, used of metals,
e.g. silver = babu haiinchi.
a young horse.
safiay morning; cf. §afe.
safirchi* w^^Amv, an oath, invocation
of God. "
safko^ to descend; cf. sabko,
adgara* j^La, a calling of fowls,
A 29.
8ag{g)i* to feel pain ; cf . 8?uig(g)i,
sago ^JLr, cf. Ar. ^Jut, medicine
which when drunk is supposed
to ward off the blows of an
enemy.
sagogi* ^^kl», a kind of gum (?).
§ahabai* ^^.j ■> ,.^, Ar. ^^^t^,
friends; B 174, E 52 sahahai
nai his friends; cf. seq.
sahha* ^^^^^, Ar. ^,..^^1,©, friends,
D 99; cf. prec.
sai ^^, 1. only, except, unless,
but, e.g. «ai wanan only this ;
2. until, ag. «ai A» too/?, B 115
(wait) until you grow old, sai
gobe until to-morrow; 3. sai
toota rana farewell till another
day! sai anjima goodbye for
the present; 3. conjunctively,
e.g. dagga wanan sai wonan =
both of them; 4. quite, used
with lafia, e.g. sai lafia quite
well or hail ! cf . saida, saddai,
saiko.
satda jk^, i.e. > j-«», except.
saida j^m*», to sell; cf. sayes.
saidaba* ^j^tf^^t, i^j^^, to refuse,
to withhold * hanna,
^aioat ^ji^jw, only, merely, though,
A 6, 16.
«ai/a, spleen ; cf . sefa.
saiko ^XjMrf, 1. nevertheless; A 3
saiko ka che nevertheless thou
sayest; 2. unless, except; A 49
saiko da tuba zayi sha alkau-
chara only by repentance shall
[he] drink of the water of
heaven, F 123.
satko ^X ^y a roof made of grass
and reeds.
satnya l^, a tree, from the fruit
of which when crushed a scent
is made.
samya or sanya ^jLa, a lengthened
form of sa, to put, to place,
e.g. B 51 ku sainya duniaka
a bayanka ku sainya lahvralka
gaban goshi place this world
behind you, place the next
world before your forehead,
B 118, D 72 asa/nya it shall
be put.
savrvya ^^i^ or shamya* ^^^, 1. to
cool, e.g. ina sainya rua/n zafi
en sha I cool the hot water, so
that I may drink it; 2. to
dry, P 64. savnyato ^^imt to
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i^
put out to dry. aainyi
1. cold, a cold, cold in the
head, e.g. sainyi ya kamani
(lit. a cold has caught me)
I have caught cold; metaph.
coolness of mind, jin sainyi
to be comforted, resigned, sain-
yin zuchia comfort, consolation.
ahainyaye i^e«iw, fem. ahain-
yaya l^^^, pi. ahainyayu y^gfjj^,
dried, aired, also applied to a
man with a withered arm.
saishe* ^^A?-'* ^ deceive (?).
saiwa \y^ or saiwo ^y^ or soiya
I^^mt, a root.
swiyi ^^, pi. aaiyoyi ^ytf^, 1. a
temporary booth or covering
for the night; 2. fig. a delay;
F 120 ida{n) fa saiyi kiama
taawita if there be a long delay
on the day of the resurrection.
8ajada tjii^,»», Ar. jii^,»», bowing
so as to touch the ground with
the forehead; D 34 yin sajada
to do obeisance to ; cf . sujuda,
the cheeks.
«a;t* ^jmm>a, to join together, e.g.
by filling up a gap.
aaka i)LMf, to weave ; masaka
weaver, also used for a shuttle.
aakake y^SiSLt^ fem. aakakia
ljJ3w, pi. aakaku ^^i^, woven;
cf. particip. of sake to change.
saka UL, found in the comp. expr.
sakormako, moko or -mukko.
retaliation or return of kind-
ness done.
sak{k)a* dLw, to embalm.
sakafchi ^JU£«», 1. f orgetfulness ;
2. carelessness.
8ak{k)ai ^jSL^, light, i.e. not
heavy.
saJcaina* ^^giSLtj the fragments of a
broken pot.
sakake* woven; cf. saka,
sakake changed ; cf. sake,
sakalia* QuLi, that part of the
day about six o'clock, i.e. just
before sunset.
sakan* ^^>£»U, conj. form found
in comp. sakan zumua honey
poured out from comb.
sakankache* ^JS^SLt, Ar. ^yL», to
trust in, B 16, note; cf. masor
kanche.
fe if^SLf or
^6*^9
to
hide.
sakaza tJk^Lf, drake; from sa bull
and kaza fowl; cf. Eng. bull-
seal, bull-walrus, etc.
sake ^jL,0f or sake ^^w, saki ^^^
or saki ^JLf, to change, to
alter, sakiwa \yt^y changing,
D6^ ku nema shinni hakika
da gaskia ku her sakiwa seek
after true and correct know-
ledge, leave off changing, son
kak^ ^4 1 <l.»>», fem. sakakia
L^hJULMf, pL sakahi ^JULni,
changed.
saki ^JLt or ^^^U^, to let go, to
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drop, to let loose, release ; ya
saki alkavsli he broke his
promise, aako j-x^, to put
down ; D 11 hai aako ba it
puts it not down.
saki ^U, 8oki ^>-», soaki iJ\y^,
1. a broad blue line or stripe
in cloth; cf. ha/rage a narrow
strip; fula ^aArt black or blue
cap, rigan saki a tobe of a
similar colour ; 2. to be blue.
sakia t^C, piercing, e.g. of the
skin, by an arrow ; yin sakia
to pierce.
sakiway changing, divorce ; cf . sake,
sakiya* j^^U, found \0 ya
sakiya ya maiyawa fa ga la-
hira he dislikes to talk much
about the next world.
sako, to put down ; cf . saki,
sako* ^\^y to drive away, e.g.
na sako sania I drove away
the cow.
sako ^s\^, errand, message.
8al{l)a ^^9, Ar. id., 1. prayer';
A 56 kam hohu tsarki hahu
salla kun sani kam hahu saMa
hahu shan alkauchara if there
is no purity there is no prayer,
as you know; if there is no
prayer there is no drinking of
the water of heaven; cf. also
A 68 ; 2. divine worship and
so, a service, feast, e.g. hahan
salla the great Mohammedan
fast; sallan laiya the feast
corresponding to the Jewish
passover; 3. yin salla to
pray, D 22 kuna azumi da
salla keep the fast and pray;
D 23, 24, A 53. ?al{l)ata
Ci%Oi Ar. Cjl%Oy festival;
ranan saUata, id. sal(C)ati
O^^, JiiJo, Ar. tiV^, 1.
prayer; 2. salutation, blessing,
E 51 muna zuha essallati (Le.
sal{l)ati + Ar. article) hissa
muhammad we pour forth
salutations on Mohammed, F
3 muna kuma yin sallati hissa
muhammad we further salute
Mohammed ; D 2 muna zikir
muna sallati we offer suppli-
cations and prayers, maisal-
^ X ^
(l)ati ^^% «n > », one who
habitually prays. 8al(l)atu*
S>rt0, salutation, greeting, C
50, F 5, 256 ; cf. sal{l)a8he,
sal(l)ahi i^JL^, saliva; yin sal-
labi to slaver.
sal(l)achi*, to jump ; cf. tsalll)i,
<• ^ <• <»
saladak{k)a* U^jJL^, cf. (?) Ar.
«JxJLrt, to fall headlong.
^^ <» X <•
sal{l)ala ^UU, thin gruel {kanu)
mixed with water.
salam j^^^, Ar. >V-«», peace,
chiefly used in the form of the
salutation salam alaik peace
be upon thee, to which the
answer is alaikum salam upon
you be peace, salmxiwa t^loJLr,
particip. greeting ; F 4 muna
salmawa we greet.
sal{l)ame ^<^^, Ar. ^^JLw ii, to
give up, to let go, ya salamie
rainsa he gave up his spirit;
the passive is often used in
13
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selling anything, e.g. Mcda-
meshi = you can take it, it is
yours.
8al(l)a8he* ^^^J^ or saUasJie*
jj^>-i», to pray for a person
or thing; F 92 ataaida saffu
assallaaheka a line is formed,
prayer is said for thee.
sal{J)ata^ festival ; cf . ?al{l)a,
8al{l)at€moa Syij^^o, the religious
ceremony observed at the time
of circumcision {kachia),
8(d{l)at% prayer; cf. §al{J)a,
8aHl)atu, salutation ; cf. ?al(l)a,
saiga liL^, pi. salgagi ^^^xMw,
cf. (?) Ar. ^JLl, 1. cesspit,
B 105; 2. dung-hole, hayan
gidda is used similarly.
sail iJLitfi 9oli ^y-^ or aoaXe
iJy^, cf. Ar. rt ^JL^, to peel
off, to blister as skin when
burnt ; yin 8(di, id.
salihi* ^^ftJttf, pi. ^lihai ^^^aJL^,
Ar. ^JL^, good, true, faithful,
e.g. B 8 ahi aa^hi aalihi ha
mugu ha may He make it
good, not evil; C 17 ahoki
salihi a good friend, E 32 da
salihai da muminai ku tashi
ye who are good and faithful,
rise up.
salima* j^y Ar. id., to be with-
out blemish.
salha^ salha, UJU, pi. aalkuna
UaJLr, Ar. «;JLf, a bag or
bottle made of skin.
194 \J}^
^cUla* ^JLo, Ar. = may (Allah)
bless, found in prefatory pas-
sages, e.g. A 1, F 1, D title.
scUmatoa*, greeting ; cf . salam,
sama Upmi, pL samomia \^\,^^ (or
samomi ^^y^^)i Ar. tW*^*
sky, heaven; maiaa/ma a title
given to God ; A 2 c^ yerdan
maiaama with the approval of
Him who dwells in the hea-
ven.
aama to befall a person; cf. aamu.
aam(m)a ^ ^ * or aumma I p >■»,
possibly an adverbial use of
za>ma to become, usually found
in reduplicated form aamma
aamma a little, e.g. han ji ha
aai aa/mma aa/mma I heard only
a little; cf. zama zama after
some time.
aamagi* ^UC, a royal warrior.
aamako y\^»t, (?) Ar. ^»>^, to
come very early, v. D 49 note;
cf . aaumako.
aamame ^^^^Ur, a slave-raiding
expedition ; cf. aame to catch.
aamari, youths; cf. samrai.
aamaaadotoa t^ jum^m^, whit« cotton
brocade of various patterns; its
price in the Kano market is
about 30,000 cowries a twrumi,
aamata* (l<«Lf, a secondary form
from aame to receive, A 83.
aamhachi ^IJ^, to boast over,
to rejoice over.
aambazai {CJ^^, sandals with r^
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,^U 195
leather tops and a hole for the
toe; cf. (1) Alg. Ar. l>Cp.
same ^«<*w, aama* >U» or aamo
ytLtt, to get, to find, to meet
with and hence to happen to,
e.g. mi ya sam^eka what has
happened to you? i.e. what is
the matter with you ; A 48
komi ya samasa whatever be-
falls him ; amusami may we
obtain, E 52. samu ^U, ^Lf,
1. to take, to find ; 2. to be
obtained, samvawa participial
form, B 156 yala ta samu ko
ha ta samutoa ha whether it
be obtained or not obtained;
3. possession, B lOQ na duba
dunia hal samunta I have
considered the world and its
possessions; 4. often used as
equivalent to iya, e.g. ba ya
samu ya shigga he could not
enter; 5. to spend time, ya
samu wata guda he spent one
month, samu damxi or sa/mu rorv-
gomi to get better, samu sauki
to obtain help. Cf . samata*.
samfalwa tyUi.>i», a blue cylindrical
bead; (?) = Ar. j-jf-d, Eng. sap-
phire.
sami^u* ft^ "^ '^^' ^t • "S ^^
epithet of God = He who
listens, F 16 zama shi ni
sami^u for He listens.
sammu j^ or sammo^ Ar. j^,
1. a charm written with intent
to injure someone; 2. poison
given in food.
sam^y see samie,
sa/mrai ^j-^^ or sa/nnayi y^fg^j*^,
pi. samari yjj\^y a youth
from fourteen to twenty years
of age (cf . Ar. j^J).
samrij haste ; cf . sauri.
samro, mosquito ; cf. 8ab(b)ero,
samsam^ j^ o.i.», Ar. r • ni- sam-
samum, sesame, a herb from
two to four feet high ; an oil
is obtained from its seeds which
is esp. valued by the Hausas
on account of its providing a
medicine or ointment for the
eyes; cf. Pliny xxii. 25 'hoc
(i.e. sesama) amplius oculis
imponitur decocta in vino.'
samsi ^,m>^i>», smooth; v. sansam-
sa and seq.
samisi or santsi ^^k^,..>, 1. smooth-
ness, slipperiness, F 144 da
kaifi kua da samtsi duk za
soka and its sharp edge and
slipperiness shall pierce them ;
2. a slip, yin samtsi to make
a slip, kadda sa/mtsi ya sameka
that thou slip not.
samu, see sam£,
soM, to love ; cf . so.
, to harass, trouble.
sananche .
distress; cf. seq.
sananta UUw, trouble ; cf . prec.
sanas ^j^J^, to learn. This and
the following are secondary
forms of san{n)i to know.
sanasda jumJL^, sanaswa ».u;..rf, to
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196
teach ; in C 47 sanda is for
sanascUiy v. note.
aanbazaiy sandals; cf. sambazai,
t 0^
aanche ^J^, to converse, probably
for zanche, q.v.
sanda tjUw, pi. aanduna UjUw,
stick, staff; then fig. blow,
stripe, D 44 fiw kan rihhi san-
duna maiinai kaman duaUu
they pile up blows many in
number as stones.
aanda* jJ^, to teach ; cf. sanasda,
sandare ^jjJ^, to be confounded,
to swell out, A 64 ; probably a
form of sadare, q.v.
saridua ^jJ^, to creep or walk as
on tiptoe silently ; cf. sadada.
sanduki wJjJlL^, pi. sandukai
6 " J» ^
^^jO-d, Ar. kJ^jJ^y box,
drawer. It denotes usually a
small box, e.g. of leather, etc. ;
large wooden boxes are un-
known in Hausaland.
aan/o or sam/o ^^^ pi. sanfurta
Uaw, a large grass basket
with handles.
aangarnia* \*jjjUm» or zangamia*
{^jjujy pl. sanga/rnu yjMj^,
a Nup^ word (?), stalk or sheaf
of com.
aani ^U or 8%Lane ^Sy^, theft.
maisa/ni ^-JU.*^, a man who
steals openly during the day-
time, a market thief.
sani* ^y^, a ladder (?).
8an(n)i ^-w (cf. Ar. 2L.>, know-
ledge), to know; A 14, 15 ita
dunia na kasua che kun aanni
the world, you know, is a
market-place; the final i is
frequently omitted, e.g. aUah
ya aan komi God knows every-
thing, this is regularly so before
pron. suffixes, e.g. ban sanshi
ha I did not know it, ansoMshi
it is known. Another form of
this word is 8hin(n)a ^^ or
Uw, e.g. na shinna = na sanni,
8hin{n)i ^*-»Jt>, knowledge ;
B 40, 152, 1)54 ku nema shinni
hakika da gaskia seek after
true and correct knowledge.
sansanche jJLu%i>»>, to under-
stand well ; cf . sanas to learn,
sanaada, sanaswa, to teach.
aania, cow ; cf . sa bull.
aankara jpcw, an insect found in
kola nuts.
sanko y^, to be bald on the top
of the forehead.
sa/nhurumi ^.o^Xw, the sarikin
kasua or officer of the market,
whose right it is to lay hands
on offenders and to settle trade
disputes in the market.
x ^ x
sansama i^ii>;u>, a mixture of /ura
and sour milk.
sanaami ^^^kkJMty a large tree, from
the bark of which an astringent
medicine is made.
^ » ^ ^
aanaamaa* ^^n^^mJ^, smoothly, an
intensive form of aamai.
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sanscmche, to understand well ; cf .
8ani,
8an8an{n)i ^yimJ^a, camp, encamp-
ment, esp. applied to a war
camp ; cf . (?) seq.
8an8an(n)i ^JL^JUi, a halo round
the sun or moon, it is regarded
as a sign of approaching war.
aansari/a l^n»i>.Mi» or sdaarifa ^i^mmi^,
the stumbling of a horse.
8an{n)u y^^ 1. slowly, gently;
sanu aanu very slowly or very
quietly; Hausa proverb iaffi
sanu ko hainya da nesa go
slowly though the way be
long; 2. sanu is most fre-
quently used in salutations =
hail? It is often repeated a
dozen or more times in order
to add emphasis to the greeting.
Its meaning varies according
to the word with which it is
used ; aanu da rana good morn-
ing, aanu da dere good night,
aanu da aiki may you be happy
over your work, aanu da gajia
(lit. greetings to weariness)
may you not be overtired. If a
man meets another when it is
raining he will say aanu da
rua welcome to you amidst
the rain ! aanu da kewa greet-
ings to you in your loneliness
(cf. kewa). It is joined on to
the 2nd personal pronouns,
aanuku greetings to you, aor-
nuki hail lady !
aanya, to dry ; cf . aainya.
aanya, to place ; cf . aainya.
197
U
15^
aapka, to let down ; cf, aahka.
aara, to accuse ; cf. aare,
aaraha* l^^, a gift given to con-
ciliate anyone.
aarafa* s^, Ar. ^j^, to ram
for a long time = ma^A:a.
aa/r(r)ai ^j^, 1. clear, clean; then,
exact; 2. clearly, carefully;
kilga aarrai to count correctly,
B 28 duba aai'rai aarrai look
carefully, na ji aarrai I quite
understand.
< J ^ ^
aarakua |>^j^, mother-in-law; cf.
aariki or aurki father-in-law.
aarare, cut; cf. aare,
aar(r)ari ^jj-^y 1. open space,
plain, meadow without trees;
Bl^toayayi taau nan aararin
audan what was like unto it
in the regions of the Sudan?
A place where people assemble;
2. space, room; D 60 aarari.
na bait almukadda^ ta iahimu
the space of the Bait al-
Mukaddas shall be sufficient
for us, daki nan ya fi loanan
da aaroH this room is larger
than that. 7naiaaran ^jj>»*fy;
spacious; cf. seq.'
aar{r)ari ^jj-^ or aaar{r)aH
^jj^^i openly; cf. prec.
aaraunia
Qfij^»
queen.
^ 6 ^ ^
aarauta or aarota O^j^, kingdom ;
chin aarauta to gain possession
of a kingdom or to become a
king, A 8, G 1, 1. 4; cf. maaa-
rauchi, aariki.
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198
aaraya C^, a fall ; yin aaraya =
fadi to fall.
sare ^jLt, sara jLf or zara* j\^,
to accuse, to report or inform
against; yin aare^ id. maiaa/ra
jU*Ai«, pl. maauawra ^UMifU,
accuser, informer.
sare ^jC, to cut, to cut down;
da takohi with a sword; used
of cutting down wood or trees,
e.g. F 89 pass, anaaaran itache
don kuahewa wood is cut for
the grave, aa/rare ^jt-*, fern.
aararia ^jj\^, pl. aarciru _^jj^,
cut ; cf . (?) seq. .
«are ^jL», used of reptiles, etc.,
to sting, to bite.
aarewa \^j^y a kind of wind-in-
strument, a flute.
aa/r{r)i {J^j^, a small species of
ant which eats grain, etc.
aari* ^j\^j found in n. ag. mai-
aari a man who sells a thing a
second time at a profit.
aari ^jU^, a bay horse.
" ^ Ox
aariki j)j^ or ^«£»^, pl. aaraJcfina
LlS*!;--! or aarikai* ^^£>^,
king. In Hausaland every
town and village has its king.
The title aariki is given not
only to these but to many of
their sons and to anyone who
presides over any special work;
B 3 jabbaru waMdi aarki allah
God the one all powerful king,
G 1, 1. 1 the title aarikin mtt-
aiilmi is applied to the sultan
of Sokoto, aarikin atuUm (lit.
king of the Sudan) to the king
of Birnin Gwari, aarikin dunia
is used in N. Africa for the
sultan of Turkey, aarikin da-
waki master of the horse, aari-
kin kirma a leader of infantry,
aarikin kaaua president of the
market, aarikin kofa door-
keeper, aarikin rva ferryman,
a. totUa cook. In Kano the
blind, lepers, beggars, etc. each
have their king (aariki),
awriki*, father-in-law ; cf. aurki,
aariki* ^^sj^y to seize; cf. aar-
kqfe,
aa/rita ^j^, sl small leather or
grass bag, carried on the back.
aa/rka I g^ »» or aurka * ^ -^
pl. aarka L^j.^ and aa/rkoki
^^»y^jm», Ar. ^jLf^ chain,
D 12; cf. aulke chain armour.
I X * *-
aa/rkafe ^J^j^a^ to bind, tie, close;
aa/rkafewa binding.
aarkaki, a bush; cf. airkaMa.
aarmayi, a youth ; of. aamrai.
aa/rota, kingdom; cf. aarauta»
aartai i^j^y a splinter, e.g. in
the skin.
aarwata* ^^j^t F241=«awitoato (?)
heavenly (the reading here
should probably be aa/rauta).
aaa(a)a Umi^, side, e.g. aaaaa nan
da aaaaa chan on this side and
that, aasaafudu the four sides.
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199
^^3-*
sascibda or sasapta jL»**».t»», tied
loosely; cf. (?) seq.
sasahe ^y^^*^, 1. to cut up into
small pieces; 2. to clear ground
before ploughing ; cf. aahe,
sfisafey very early in the morning ;
cf . safe,
J ^ ^
aaaago* ^JUm^, a saw.
sasaka ^Lmmt or saseka <lL^>».»y, to
smooth or prepare wood, ma-
Sasaki ^il»>.»rfU, carpenter.
sasari ^j^A^, cf. Ar. ^LLiJLw,
chains ; F 186 oaa ma««^ sasa/ri
na wuta da malwa fetters and
leg-irons of fire shall be placed
on them, F 156.
sashi*, half; cf. shashi,
sa^ssaHfaf stumbling ; cf . sansarifa.
sata ULf, thieving, theft ; yin 8ata=
^ X X
to steal, maisata KjLm^^ a
thief. sa>che tJ*^ or ^ache
^Ltf, to steal ; B 58 ^a roMka
ta saclie rai it will part you
(from this world) it will steal
thy life.
sau or 80 ymt^ prefixed to cardinal
numerals to form numeral ad-
verbs, e.g. sau data once, sau
hiu twice, saufudu four times.
sau y^y 1. the sole of the foot;
2. a foot-print.
sau* yM>, to leave or quit, used of
a path, e.g. sau hainya = to
leave the track, A 19, 22 sun
sau tafarki they left the right
path (? = short form of sav>ya).
sa^uda* ^^fuo, Ar. >^m^, a moun-
tain in hell, F 189, 191 note.
sauka or soka ^ya, a modified
form of sahka, to alight, settle
down, stay; F 252 giddcm kua
dan hazo anasoka ni kua in
the house of the son of Bazo
would I stay.
sauki ^J^yttf 1. quick; sauki mu-
tua sudden death ; 2. used
with da as adverb; da sauki
quickly = da sauri,
savM i^yy 1. help, assistance, e.g.
allah ya koro muna sauki may
God give us help; 2. health,
e.g. na samu sauki I recovered ;
3. used as v. in passive, B 64 kai
dai asatoake day auxin guri thou
obtainest much of thy desire.
saulo ^ya or stLb(b)olo ^y^ (cf.
(?) Ar. Jjb^Uf), a large bag for
holding rice.
saumaJco y\Ay<>y the early morn-
ing; prov. kayan saumako da
mareche akandamreshi the load
for early morning should be
tied up overnight; cf. samako.
sauna* \jy*, P^^7> compassion.
saura \jy>, Ar. jlJ#, remainder,
gleanings in a field; yin saura
to glean, ya yi saura kaddan
there is little left; cf. shawora,
saura* ^jyf, a place to sleep in,
e.g. in a tree, for fear of wild
beasts; cf. (?) Ar. jya, climb-
ing a wall.
saurara, sorara j\jy^ or jura^e*
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3hy^
200
\jlS^
^jSjtf^, to listen attentively,
e.g. B 22, 153 Aw yan utoa ku
jini ku saurara you, my breth-
ren, listen to me and pay at-
tention; cf. seq.
J ^ ^
sauraro* jj|j^«», a form of prec,
to hesitate, doubt, be uncertain.
sauri ^ya^ L&>^ ^^ samri iC^i^^,
• ^
Ar. j^, haste, e.g. F 29 A^
her aaurin fushi give up being
hastily angry; da sauri hastily.
aaurOy mosquito; cf. 8ab(b)ero,
sausauchi or sosochi -**j jir, idle-
ness, unwillingness to work.
sautare* v£)^>^> often; = sau, tare.
^ « '* ^ ^ ^
muya ^ya or sawaya ^y>»», 1. to
change, transform; 2. to be
changed, e.g. wa aauya da arna
mvsulmi I changed from a
heathen to a Musulman. aau-
y^y^ V,,^'*^?^-^? ^®^^* sauyaya
Lj5-|^^, pi. sauyayu ><-?>-»,
altered, translated, related to
^'wya ; cf . saurara, jurare,
§awaha* >^\yo or §awabe ij^t^o,
Ar. ^t^«i0, that which is fit-
ting, proper; 1> i mu yi aiki
satvaba that we may work suc-
cessfully, yin sawabe to work
well or diligently.
X * X *•
sawarwari ^^^j>o, anything sold
in the market and returned to
the seller injured.
satoo ^ymt = tsawoy q.v., a form
found in F 1 45 haiua 7iasa liar
sawo nasa babu wawa its height
and its length are the same
without doubt.
saye ^^(^, sayi ^j/r*, sa% ^^, saida
j^, sayo yfg,a, to buy; all
these forms, and specially the
last, are also used for * to sell ';
cf . sayes.
saye*y to hide ; cf . sakaye.
sayes i^,m^, sayesda ju.^, saida
X • X
j^ifmt, to sell, dispose of by sale;
the form saida more frequently
means to buy. asaidashi = it
is bought; asayesda it is sold
or it is on sale.
sayo y^, to buy or sell ; cf . saye,
8eb(b)ain O*}-^, Ch^> Ar, J,.jJi^,
numeral seventy ; D 64 naseb-
bain, feiii. ta^sebbain, seventieth.
seb{b)i* ^^^ (cf. (?) Ar. w^aI, to
plait palm leaves), 1. to spin
yam ; 2*. to take up; of. sef{f)i,
sefa Uw or saifa U^, pi. sefofi
^^A^, spleen ; cf. D 67 cAi-
won sefa disease of the spleen,
a swollen spleen.
^^y{f)^ ^ (cf. (?) Ar. sL, to
plait), to comb the hair; cf.
masefi comb.
seki* i^^t remainder, dregs left
at the bottom of a cup t= kingi,
sek(k)i ^^^^, flour, e.g. sekkin gero,
sekkin dawa,
selloy soap ; cf . sabunin sello,
sensen{n)iy a halo ; cf . san8an{n)i,
serkafeway binding ; cf . sarkafe,
settin ,j::w, 0<^> Ar. v>d2w.
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u
201
JA^i
numeral sixty ; nasettirif fem.
tasettin ord. num. sixtieth.
I lA, to drink, e.g. bani en
aha give me to drink ; to drink
in, e.g. 8han iska to drink the
air, i.e. to take an airing or to
take a walk, cf . similar Arabic
idiom; slia/n taba to smoke.
Hence maiaha^ pi. maauaha
one who drinks, maahaya*^
1. water-side, 2. place of in-
toxicating drink, E 17 note;
vaaahan rua, lit. water-drinker,
rainbow ; aliani ka aanni, i.e.
drink me, you know me, an
expr. used to denote a herb
from which a medicine, a cure
for diarrhoea, is made (= the
Ar. Umi, senna); aha lemu to
suck a lime or lemon, aha
nono (used of a child) to suck;
trop. uses, e.g. A 12 kamin
ka zona zaka aha dadi nata
when thou sittest down thou
shalt taste of its sweetness;
aha fvohalla to suffer or ex-
perience trouble, to enjoy ;
D 75 mu aha ennua we enjoy
the shade; ya aha ka/naa he
was confused, ya aha kaina =
he caused me distress ; ya aha
kai = ya taffi gabhanaa, i.e. he
went towards him so as to
intercept and stop him; aha
bauji used of one who carries
everything in his girdle, i.a
a warrior; «Aa kuakure to miss,
aha ba/ra to miss fire, to miss
the mark, the name of a charm
drunk in order to ward off
arrows, altaiiyla \^JlJJ^, lit.
drinking gia, intoxication ; cf.
ahankumhu.
aim l^, a prefix used in forming
the numerals eleven to nine-
teen, e.g. goma aha daia eleven,
G 3, 1. 13 goma aha bin twelve;
the word goma may be omitted,
e.g. aha bokkoi seventeen.
ahaair* ji^J^, Ar. ^i^Jiw, barley
(not grown in Hausaland).
ahache, to comb ; cf. ahata.
ahadvda b^jL^r or aaduda b^jui
(cf. (?) Ar. jJt>, to strengthen
one's resolution), 1 . confidence,
freedom from fear, trust in a
person; 2. to trust or rely
upon a person.
ahafa w^l^, ifU^ or ahafe ^U»,
Ar. s^yjUy to smear or anoint
with oil, also with water ; used
of ceremonial ablutions, e.g.
B 48 pass, enahafa (for anahor
fa) ablutions were made, v.
note; fig. of anointing the face
with darkness, A 67 ; ahafa
gashi to brush back the hair.
ahafi ^I2r, 1. a turn in at the
edge of a garment, a patch
on clothes; 2*. the page of a
book.
ahafi'u M^, Ar. mJ^, protector,
v.F 129 note.
ahafo ^lA, kite or falcon; ct
ahahu,
ahag{g)ali, aheg{g)el% JJl1» or
ahug{g)di jii, ahag(g)al* (A
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L5"
202
JJxf^
64 ?)y pL ahttgidgtUa ^JJJJtJSiy
At. Jb^, work, business; B
50 ku yan uwa ku her shagcditi
dunia you, my brethren, aban-
don the business of this world;
trade, management; yin aha-
gali to do business, ahagalichi*
yyiJd^, to be so occupied with
one thing as to forget another,
to act carelessly, ie. through
absence of mind.
shagalichi, see prec.
8hag.{g)i* ^Jti or 8a^(g)i* ^jk^,
Ar. ^yUtr, to feel pain, esp.
that arising from sickness ; cf.
zogi sharp pain.
shagiri ^/&&, pi. shagirai ^jkJ^y
a beardless person.
aliahada* tj^, Ar. jJkU», a man
killed in a war (for religion).
shahawa \y^, Ar. S^yw, to covet,
desire; also to love, e.g. na
shhhawa ahokina I love my
friend, ahawa l^ti, lust, evil
desire, 39 kowa ka bin shawa
da guri whoever follows lust
and desire.
ahahu ^^\Jii (cf. Ar. A^Utr, a
hawk), a kite or falcon, small
white hawk ; cf. shafo^ id.
ahaida tj^, pi. ahaidai ^J^
&nd a?uiidodi ^^J^^w, Ar. j^,
1. witness, testimony, ahaida
ido eye-witness; maiahaida^ pi.
masitahaida a witness; 2. a
mark or sign, as e.g. that of a
witness who cannot write, a
mark put on animals, also a
mark on trees to show the
way; 3. ahaida or yin ahaida
to bear witness, also to mark,
e.g. mun ahaida tumakimu we
marked our sheep ; ya ahaida
he bore witness, also kai and
kawo ahaida, id. ahaidade
^^j^Jtr, fem. ahaidada \^J^,
pi. ahaidadu ^j^, attested,
certified.
^ • "
ahaidani ^^tjL^, to know, to
have a clear knowledge of.
ahaii* ^j^^^ (cf. Ar. dtir, to
frighten), fear, na ji ahaii I
was afraid.
ahainya ^y^, 1. to dry, cf. aainya;
2. to drink in, to absorb ; see
aha.
ahainyaye^ dried, aired ; cf. aainya,
ahaitan or ahetan ^Ik^, ahaitani
j^^iisHjA, Ar. JU^y Satan,
the devil, B 105 gonan ahaitan
the garden of Satan; B 132
turuha ahaitani the path of
the evil one. As pL it is used
in the sense of evil persons,
seducers ; cf . ahaiUme ^y Ik^,
• " " •'
B 70 and ahaitanai ^Uaj^,
B 133. The word ahaitan is
often used as synonymous for
clever or crafty, e.g. ahina
ahaitan he is as clever as
Satan.
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203
XI--
shaka i)Utr or aheka «2)Lw, to smell,
e.g. frankincense, water, etc.
shakali ^^^iCw, fornicator, shakalia
i,JL£w, pi. shakalai tJSJ^, har-
lot, whore; shakalichi ^USJ^,
whoredom, fornication (cf. Ar.
^JS^, to use amorous gestures).
8hak{k)e ^J^, to strangle.
shakka ^2Jli, Ar. «Uitr, 1. to doubt,
e.g. A 7 «/n A^ shakka he
doubts, A 35 m 6a&i^ wa «AaA>-
ka ku che masa kafi/ri I have
no doubt but that you may
call him a heathen; 2. UI^,
doubt; hahu shakka or hahu
shak without doubt.
shakua t^i^, to hiccough; cf. (?)
sheka.
* J ^
shakup OiXw, 1. = sakkai light;
2. in phr. abinchi ya yi shakup
the food is not nice.
shall* i^JJtr, also yin shall to
salute or give a present.
St ^
shalla ^HiW, an aquatic plant, the
flowering head of which is
called bambana,
shama >li, 1. to trouble; used
with kai^ ya shama kai it
causes trouble; 2. to toil.
shamak{k)i iJC^, pi. shamak(k)ai
^y^^, 1. a partition; 2. place
for horses ; 3. a groom.
^hamowa or sharaua |^^, 1. raven;
2. a species of stork; cf. Gr.
p. 86 seqq.
shangia, a compound of sha and
gia, intoxication; cf. sha.
shanhimbu ^jSm, to cut round ;
cf. kumhu,
shanshani ^liLw, pi. shanshmiu
^KJLjJ^, a centipede.
sharishere* ^j.*JiJj^, cleaned, an
epithet applied to rice; cf.
8hink(if(/)a,
shantali*f a large cup; cf. shintalL
shanto ^Xw, a long^ oblong kworia
which is beaten like a drum ;
maishanto a, drummer.
shanu ^\ij, cows, cattle; cf. sa
bull.
sh>ara j\J^ or sha/re j^lw, 1. to
sweep; 2. shara tjli, sweeping,
yin sha/ra to sweep, sharare
j^jli, fern, sharwra tjjUr, pi.
shararu ^jj\J^^ swept.
shar(r)a* 1^, Ar. ^, evil, e.g.
J) 4:0 en shara ka aika if thou
hast done evil ; cf. shariri,
sharaha %^jJ^, to embroider, to
knit.
shardba* Qt^, the calf of the leg.
sharare, swept; cf. shara,
^, Ar. i^jJ^y condition,
necessity ; B 92 tana da sha-
ratsan tana karewa it is sub-
ject to the necessity of coming
to an end; cf. sheradi.
share^ to sweep ; cf . shara.
^ X • Ox
sharhohi* i^y^j^y Ar. 9->^,
commentaries. Ell note.
shariri* ^jj^f Ar. jijJ^^ evil, e.g.
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ya yi shariri = ya yi mu-gu
abu ; cf . 8har(r)a.
rare
shariri* ^jij^, infant; a
form of jariri, q.v.
sharkira \j^jJt!f, dung.
sharo ^j\J^ (cf. Ar. jyw, to brandish
a sword), a fencing game
played by the Fulahs with
two sticks.
ahasanda* IjUmi, a long ridge of
hair left in shaving the head.
shasha* \iAi»y a gambling game,
F 10; a less common form of
chachay q.v.
ahasJiafe ^^uJLw, a reduplicated
form of slhobfe^ to blot out;
pass, inkaahashafe (in- for an-),
found at E 21.
shashaalia* l^l^l^, a fool, a bom
idiot, B 107.
ahaahi ^U^ or sashi* ^U, 1. half;
2. a part, a portion, i.e. one
out of three or more portions.
sJuishisha* jti ,Al.i>, to gasp for
breath, D 15.
shcUa Ul^, 1. a comb; 2. ahata or
shache icJli, to comb, e.g. ta
ahata gashin kai she combed
the hair of (her) head.
X X Ox
shattshatoa t^y^, marks cut in
the face to point out the tribe
or family to which a person
belongs.
sitawa, lust; cf. ahahawa.
ahatoagi iJ^^y^y applied to a man
who passes quickly by a place
204 ^
without stopping to talk, to go
quickly from place to place.
ahatvo* ^^l^, to draw out ; a form
oijatoo, q.v,
ahatuo jj^Vi, a form of aha, 1. to
drink, e.g. F 189 don au ahawo
man zafi that they may drink
hot water; 2*. to splash water
over an infant, to wash it.
ahatuora \j^\if, Ar. j\£ iii, con-
sideration, deliberation, con-
sultation, D 25 ; yin ahawora
to deliberate, consult, tvurin
aJuiwora place of deliberation,
court (=Ar. j>-Li), hall of
public audience.
ahawora \
^jy^,
Ar. jli, 1. rest,
remainder, i. q. aaura, q. v. ;
2. less, e.g. na hashi a^'haa
ahawora daia I gave him four
thousand less one, i.e. I gave
him three thousand; cf. aaura,
ahaya Qlir, a form of aha, to drink,
found in n. loc. ma^haya, place
of intoxication, E 17,
X I
aheda \^^, sigh, heavy breathing;
yin aheda to sigh, breathe
heavily, pant for breath.
J St
aheddadu* ^tjJtr, Sheddad, son of
Ad, mentioned in the traditions
of the Arabs, F 55 note.
9^^9(9)^ V;5*^ or ahege ^jk^ (A 60),
(cf. Ar. w-ie^, SJ^fAtt, uterine
brother, sister), bastard, A 60 ;
do/n ahegge, id. Tn a trop. sense
aahegge pass, in form is found
D 32 = one that is profligate,
adj., profligate.
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8Jieg{g)diy business ; cf . HJicbg{g)ali.
shegifa, a porch or hut; cf. shi-
gifa.
205
shehu*
Ar.
teacher.
sheji* imtfJ^f a bay horse — sari,
8hek(k)a UUtr, pi. 8hek{k)una UXw
and ahekoki ^^^^xitr, a nest.
alieka «2LJtr, to run away quickly.
sheko ^£j#, to come quickly.
sheka to sniff up or smell ; cf.
ahaka, sheaJieka, and (?) ahakua
hiccough.
sheka ^iIaw, to pour out grain so
that the chaff may be blown
away.
shekara \^^y pi. shekaru ^j^^y
a year, with numerals the sing,
is commonly found, e.g. F 145,
G 6, 1. 11 shekara^hi tokkos da
wata shidda his time was eight
years and six months; used as
a verb G 2, 1. 14 ya shekara
uku chikki sarota zaria he lived
three years in the kingdom of
Zaria, sheka/ruTika nawa or
shekara nawa kana da rai or
shekara natva tun haiftumka
how old are you?
shekaramjia i^^.^i y *»^, the day
before yesterday.
shekare ^^;X*w, to be dry; A 76
kam ha rua kube kasanka ya
shekare if there is no water to
mix with it, your earth is dry.
shekOf to come quickly; cf. sheka,
shela ^LJ^, a notice issued by a
king forbidding people to sell
in the market.
shema I^m, to cut down very small
plants or reeds with a hoe.
mashemi . ««iJL«, a hoe ; cf .
slieme i<^w, a grass or reed for
making arrows.
sheradi* 3l^, Ar. J»^, an agree-
ment, esp. one to do work for
a certain payment; cf. sharaisa,
shere* \JjJi»^ line; a less common
form oijerej q.v.
sheria LiLJjJtr, f^jJ^y pi. sheriai
,^^, Ar. a«^^, judgment,
sentence, ordinance ; yin sheria
to judge, give judgment, E 10
da alkalai da masuzua sheria
both the judges and those
who come to receive judgment.
(The use of the word, though
fairly common, is confined to
certain localities.)
sherif s^jJ^, Ar. ou^, a holy
man, said to have the power
to enter fire without its in-
juring him, but possessing no
definite qualifications. Most
of those who have been on the
pilgrimage (cf. Ao/i) claim this
title afterwards.
sherinia l^Jpr, the name of a large
tree.
shesheg{g)i* ^^£^t>w, interference,
evil action.
shesheka ^)JjJ^, to pant; cf. sheka.
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u
206
tjL&
ahetcm, Satan; cf. ahaitan,
shewa \^ or sutva t^«i, to be
merry, to shout ialoud like a
fool. The form suwa is esp.
used in Sokoto.
shi ^^, J^y ijL (cf. Kanuri ahi or
shima, pi. «a), pronominal par-
ticle, 3rd pers. masc. sing. =
he, it, 1. shi followed by ya is-
used as the emphatic form of
the personal pron. shi ya yi
hakka he did so, or it was he
who did so; 2. used as a prefix
to verbs in the sense of sub-
junctive, e.g. ina roko shi hani
wanan I ask him to give me
that, ya ki shi ji he refused to
listen; cf. use ol ya; 3. used
to express a wish, allah shi
deddi ranka may God lengthen
your life ; B 46 aUah shi hamu
kwana lafa/a may God grant
us days of prosperity; 4. as
objective pron. suffixed to verbs
and prepositions, e.g. yaganshi
he saw him, gareshi to him,
etc. ; 5. 'Shi or -nshi ^Jj^ as in-
separable possessive sometimes
found for -sa or -nsa, e.g. G 1,
1. 11 motsinshi his movement.
This last use is especially com-
mon in the southern part of
Hausaland ; ^ his house ' in Za-
ria would usually be giddanshi,
in Kano gidda/nsay in Sokoto
giddanai,
shiay a quarter or division of a
town; cf. shiya.
shiatmi* 1^1^, saying (?), F 33 ;
cf . che.
shib{b)a* LLSr, arrow, sheaf of
arrows; cf. chibia, kUna.
shid{d)a jJ^y shid(d)e ^jJ^y 1. to
descend; used with da to let
down, e.g. na shida da tulu a
kasa I put down the pitcher
on the ground; 2. to take
down, to unload; Sfu, shida gi-
shiri they unloaded the salt.;
3. to alight, encamp, sojourn;
4. shide to receive as a guest ;
ya shidemu chikkin gidda he
received us into the house;
niashid{d)i jJL^, lodging place.
shid(d)i* iCjJtr, followed by
da, to bear, to carry, e.g.
na shidi da abu ztui kasua
I carried something to the
market. «AiC^c?)o^jLi^, totake;
D 17 6a mutua hale shidoshi
shi je sM fata much less will
death t€tke him away, so that
he should go to rest.
shidda \jj^ or jj^ (cf. (?) Ar. Cw),
card, num., six, G6, 1. 12; the
corresponding ordinal is m.
nashidday fem. tashidda, {shid-
da is the only one of the lower
Hausa numerals which at all
resembles the Arabic ; if, which
seems otherwise improbable,
the Hausa numerals were ori-
ginally formed on a basis of
five, shidda would be for sha
daia; cf. shay also Spec. H. L.
p. xiv.)
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L5^
207
Uft
ahidi and 8hid(d)o; cf. 8hid{d)a,
shi/chi ^^2f^, to cut with knife or
scissors a piece of cloth ga-
thered up in a knot or roll.
shift* vjU^, cf. D 39 en dkaika
anshifi da ha ckikkin kushewa
if thou art brought and laid
in the grave.
shi^a U^, 1. a triangular piece of
cloth inserted at the bottom of
a tobe, etc. to make the bottom
broader than the top; 2. gar-
ments, F 232, 238 shiga kayan
adonsa garments (which are
an) object of adornment to
him.
8hig{g)a i-^, to go in, to enter,
A 18 (?) ahigga da followed by
a substantive = to carry any-
thing in; cf. use of tajffl da,
.> ^
etc. 8hig(g)a8da jumJLmt, to
cause to enter, to take in. ahi-
8hig{ga) k^, to go constantly
to a place. 8hig{g)o yidty to
come in, to enter in, to where
the speaker is.
8hig(g)e* ^^ji^, like; shiggensu
like them.
skigi/a U^Aw or shegi/a Uitl^, pi.
shigifu 3{.{»itMU> and shigifofi
yjt^t^y Ar. stftilr, house,
porch, dwelling; usually a house
built of mud.
8hig{g)o, Bee'8hig(g)a,
shigoro* ^j^kJ^, fear ; yin shigoro
to fear.
8hika dLw, particle prefixed to
3rd pers. sing, to form perf.
tense, v. H. Gr. p. 26.
8hik[k)a ^sSLw, 1. to throw up any-
thing so that it falls down
again; 2*. to divorce a woman;
cf. 8akki^ id.
shikashiki ^imCfa, pi. shikaahikai
^x&M, poles used to support
a tent.
shikawa*, completing, i.q. chikawa,
F5.
8hik(k)in*, in, i.q. chik(k)in, A 9.
8hil{l)u ylw, to wave = reto, to
shake violently, e.g. na shillu
magani da 7nagani I shook up
two medicines together.
shim* ^^y used in Sokoto, etc. for
shinay F 80 note.
shimfida jjl^ or shim/ada jjl^^
to extend, enlarge ; to spread
out, e.g. shimfida taherma to
spread out a mat; ahin shim-
Jida = a mat. mashinifidiy q.v.,
anything spread out, e,g. for
sale.
shimge ^^^l^ or shinge ^ytw, pi.
shimgaye ^-^tJLoJ^, a fence
made of stalks or thorns to
keep in sheep, etc.
shimkake ^j^CC^, a crow = han-
kaka, q.v.
shina Umt, jU>, verb. pron. prefix of
the pres. tense 3rd pers. sing.
masc., e.g. shina so he wishes.
The pronominal forms ending
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UfiJ^
208
ij^
in wa, e.g. shina^ yana may be
followed by substantives or
participial forms, thus yana
taffia he is going, shina zua
he is coming ; cf . under ina.
8hin{n)ay to know ; cf . 8an(n)i.
shinaderif solder; cf. ainaderi,
shimbcUi, a small jar ; cf. simhali.
Mnge, hedge ; cf . ahimge.
8hin{n)iy knowledge ; cf . 8an(n)i.
8hinkaf{f)a Ud^, rice in the
husk ; ahinkaffa ahanahere (or
av/rfafe) = cleaned rice.
ahinkai, kindness, good or evil
deed; cf. jinkai,
ahintali ^y^^ or aintali ^yuw
or aliarUali ^JLZw, pi. ahintalai
_X£w, a large cup, kettle.
X* JO
ahipka UCaitr, pi. ahipkoki ^j^^SdCt,
small plants ; cf. seq.
ahipka ^ukJ^ or ahuka «£JUtr, to sow,
plant ; yin ahipka, id.
ahira j^, to dig with a faJtainya,
to hoe.
ahirai \Jl^, a small porch, a hut
used for storing grain in.
ahirari* j\jJ^, Ar. rt jJ^, one who
has done evil ; cf. ah>ariri.
ahirhache ^j^jJ^, to return often,
to work at the same thing.
ahvrga LjJit (cf. Ar. u^, to steal),
used with taada to chai*ge much
money, yana ahirga taada he
overcharges ; cf. (?) seq.
xO X
ahirga tjJ^, \^J^^ ^* ^ ascend ;
2. to place one thin^ on top
of another, e.g. in arranging
papers.
ahiri LgjJ^, preparation ; yin ahiri
to prepare, make ready, B 55
en ka yi ahiri whether you
are prepared; passive used in
D 59 za>ashiri hukumchi judg-
ment shall be prepared, ahvria
C^ (written ahirya but always
pronounced ahiria), to prepare,
make ready, e.g. D 89 bale ku
ahiria still less that you should
make preparation; passive, B
55 c^ idan ha ashiriia ha or
(whether you are) unprepared ;
E 29 idan aarkin muaulmi
zaahi makka amtiahiria kaya if
the king of the Mussulmans
goes to Mecca, we must make
ready our goods; D 50 ma-
X J X
atiahiria K^jJLA^, those who
are prepared ; cf . ad loc. ahi^
riwa* \y.^jJ^, preparation,
D 36. ahiriyaye ^^mfg.jjj^,
^^ • X X
fem. ahiriyaya l^O^' P^* ahiri-
X X
-»x
yayu ytjjJ^, participial form
from ahiria ordered, arranged,
prepared, ahirahiria (jjJtfjJ^,
an intensive form, B 114 ^a
yi talahiralka ka ahirahiria
accomplish deeds fit for the
next world, make m\ich pre-
paration.
40 XX
ahirku j)j^, Ar. ^fj^ iv, anything
unlawful, idolatry, witchcraft,
etc.
ahiru or ahiriu ^jJ^^ also ahiu ^,
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I^^tjw
209
1. in silence, silently, B 54,
F 98 ; 2. calm after a storm,
ka yi shiriu be silent ?
shirua or ahinva \^j^i pi. ahiruoyi
8hi8hig(g)a, to go constantly to a
place ; cf. shig{g)a.
8hi8hik(k)a* UCiw, F 32 kana huma
shishika (= chichik(k)a) gimia
thou swellest with pride.
8hi8hit{t)a Uw, hissing, sh ! sh !
ahiwaka 1^1^ (cf. Ar. ^^, in
the names of several medicines),
a bitter herb from which a
medicine is made.
ahiya or shia l^, pi. shiyoyi
tji^t^f quarter or division of a
town ; cf . ungvM.
shu or ahiu 3^, 1. = shim silence;
2. used as a call, e.g. to join
in a game ; cf. shu shu shu,
B 70 note.
shude ^jk^J^, shtida ^y^ or shudi
^>yJ^ or shutse* ^ k w (a
Fulah word ?), to pass away ;
A 62 kowa ya her lotu ya
shude ya hata whoever omits
the times (of prayer) passes
away and is destroyed ; F 154
tvonsu kan shutse wa iska some
will pass like wind.
shudi ^^^, blue cloth = zanne
maishuni,
shugaha iJtir, pi. shv^ahai ^.
guide, leader ; cf . jagaba.
B.
shug{g)eliy business, etc.; cf. shag-
(g)ali.
shuka, to sow ; cf . shipka.
shukrajSsJ^y Ar.jX^, 1. to praise,
give thanks ; 2. IjXw, praise ;
B 172, D 100 muna shukra
muna godia zua ga allah we
give thanks and are grateful
to God.
shum i^y^ or juni* i^^a^ (cf .
Ar. 0>^) ^^^f white, etc.), blue
colour, indigo.
shure ^jy^ or jure* ^j^a^, to
kick.
shur/e ^^jJ^, to shed tears.
shusia ifg^, a small piece of
twisted cotton.
shutse* iJeJ^y to pass away ; for
shude y q.v.
shuwaki ^-^^Ij^ = yin yawo, to
take a walk or promenade.
sidi* jk^, Ar. jk^, lord, applied
. to Mohammed, B 20 albarka-
chinka sidi mu samu cheto
blessed art thou, O lord, we
obtain salvation (through thee) ;
ya sidi is a common form of
polite address.
siko yC^, Ar. ^Iw, a very large
needle or spike; cf. tsiko.
silia or siliya l^JLuf, pi. siliyu ^JLi
and siliyoyi ^y^y cf. Ar.
IjLjJC, silk cord,%tring; F 216
siliyoyi ado su ka ratayawa
beautiful chains shall they
hang upon themselves; F 233.
14
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^^A^AMl
210
^y^
aimhali ^S^ or shimbali ^^X!«Jw,
cf . (?) Ar. ij-w, a small jar.
8m* sDt^y China.
sinaderi ^jj^J,^ or shinaderi
y^jJJj^ or sunadan ^jJ^w,
1. a sort of solder used for
joining metals, white like salt,
chloride of ammonium (?) ; 2*.
tin.
sinbali ; cf . simbali,
sinche*, to loose ; cf. sunche.
sinihi 9imLa, Ar. 9^^*^^ 1- to render
2. to sigh, to be
en
miserable ;
sorrowful.
sinishi ^JL^JU-^, to sigh ; cf. prec.
dntali, cf. (?) Ar. Jiui, a large
cup ; cf . shintali.
sintua* t^Iw, picking a thing off
the ground, finding, etc.; cf.
tsintua,
§irati* ij^^j^, Ar. h\j^, a bridge
over hell to be crossed by all
after death; its length is a
thousand years' journey, its
breadth as fine as a thread ;
cf. F 143 /a ankafa kua sirati
chikkinjahima the bridge shall
be set up in the fire ; F 154.
siri* ^j^i to prepare, F 238 ; cf.
ahiri,
sirkakia l(J^j^ or sa/rkaki ^^j^,
a thorny bush which grows
near water, its fruit is ground
up and eaten.
8{s(8)ika %£l»>n«» or 8U8{8)uka ^iLm^y
to thresh; in(i8i88ika or vm-
rin sissika threshing-floor; cf.
8hik{k)a.
8itaka 1^1^, hatchet, axe, with
broad blade similar to that of
ba/randem(m)i, q.v.
8{t(t)ira \jZia or 8utura t^I««f, Ar.
jJL^i covering, fine clothing,
pomp; yin 8utura to cover.
8it{t)ira jLa or 8utura yLa, to
clothe, cover, preserve from ;
aUah 8hi muna 8utura da aiko-
kin ebliz may God preserve us
from the works of the evil spirit.
mai8utura box, grave, etc. sit-
(t)irta O^, to clothe.
80 ya (cf . (?) rare modem Ar. ^w,
to desire, a contraction of
^yd\ 1. to love, to like, ina
8onka I love you; hence ma-
80wa t^M*^, friends, lovers; F
79 niasowa duka enna maitai-
inakawa of all who love thee
where is one who will help?
F 80 ; 2. to wish, desire, hope,
consent; pass, form an80y A
29 an80 ta ka88 muria let
her be willing to lower her
voice. The word is sometimes
pronounced 8an, e.g. na 8an8a
I love him ; cf . 8qfa.
80, a prefix to numerals ; cf. 8au,
soale, to peel ; cf . ?oli,
jjjj
8oborodo ^Sj.^, the fruit, similar
in appearance to yakua, of a
tree, with a red flower; soup
{inia) is made from it.
^ X X ^
8t^a* s^3-^, Ar. ^ya, D 25 sofa
8oJa, = as to the future, v. note.
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so/ani ^^^^, blemish, e.g. white
or black spot on an animal,
or a piece of material not of
uniform colour on anything.
aoinya Vf^.^, a bush, with white
flowers, from which a scent is
obtained.
soiya, root; cf. saiwa.
Boiya or suya {^yt»t Wj-**') ^ c<x>^
without water, fry, also to
roast, burn, D 67 ^ soiya se/a
it shall burn the spleen; F 230
(zbin soiya ga kowa there shall
be cooked food for all. soi-
yaye or soiyeye i^y^ fem.
soiyaya L^^-jf^.^, pi. aoiyayu
ftiy^i participial adj. of prec,
parched, broiled, fried, cooked
without water; cf. surya or
(?) Ar. rt i^.
8oka l^^ij, soke i^y^ or sold
^^ya^ to pierce, to prick, e.g.
F 144 da kaifi kua da samtsi
duk za 8oka and its sharp edge
and slipperiness shall pierce
all. 808oke ^^^y^ya, to prick
or pierce through.
soka^ to alight ; cf . 8auka,
sokara \j^ya, a yam cooked and
beaten up.
soke, 8oki, to pierce; cf. soka.
sokoto yXrnt, the town of Sokoto,
G 4, 11. 1, 10.
soma j^ytt, to begin.
soma*, to dip ; cf. tsom^a*
sonsona, to smell ; cf . sunsund,
sora/ra, to listen ; cf. saurara.
soraye, see seq.
soro ^jya, pi. soraye ^^jy^i the
porch at entrance to house,
B 167 ; a second storey in a
house (such are very seldom
found in Hausaland) ; cf. zauri.
sosai ^ i>i»^.m», straight, correct,
proper, level, equal; ya yi
sosai it is level, hainya sosai
a straight path ; = daidai,
sosaiya* I^m^j^, cutting with scis-
sors, shearing, etc.; yin sosai-
ya to cut, to shear.
soshia KfJ^ya, chaff from wheat or
other grains ; cf. dusa,
soso* y a y tt, the foliage of a small
plant used like a sponge.
sosochi, idleness; cf. sausauchi.
sosoke, intensive form of soke, q.v.,
to pierce or prick much.
soto >f3^, a cake made of bean-
flour and oil {maingedda).
sofu*, to entrust ; cf. sahtu.
soyeya* ^yj^ya, soaya ^Syj or
sowaya \jya, love ; yin soyeya
to love.
suyt, 00», ^^, Eiinuri sa (cf. Hausa-
Kanuri shi), 3rd pers. pi. pron.,
1. as a separate pron. it ex-
presses the subject * they,* e.g.
su kua (sutaffi) they also (went);
2. prefixed to verbs as subj., e.g.
su gudu they fled ; 3. 9uffixed
to verbs as obj., e.g. G 1, 1. 8
ya koresu he drove them away ;
4. -su or -nsu |^, suffixed to
14—2
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^JUf
nouns as an inseparable pos-
sessive pron., e.g. datuakinsu
their horses.
8U 3*^, to fish with hand-nets, yin
suy id.; cf. mastcsu,
sua Sya, pi. of toa ; used with w«,
sriane = pi. of wane ; 1. used
with reference to what is
previously known, e.g. sune
sua these are the ones, these
are they ; 2. with we, as inter-
rog., e.g. suane ne who are
they? siiane ne su he zo who
are they that are coming?
3. suasua = either who are
they? or, it is all the same,
they are both alike, i.e. Ar.
Sy^i \^*a ; cf . duka daidai and
duka daine. Possibly the a
at the end of stia corresponds
to a in nw8, is it I ?
suaha \^\ya or saha l^U, the cast
skin or slough of a serpent,
ya yi sttaha he comes out of
his skin.
suabe i^y»y to beat grain, com,
etc.
^uaho, ?waho or saho y^Co (cf. Ar.
rt v>*^ ^^» ruined, harmed),
evil, e.g. D SI en suabo ka kan
yi shi kaika giddan azaba if
you do evil He will bring you
to the abode of pain, cf. B 36,
37 ; maisuaho evil-doer, D 21.
phr, ya yi suahon allah = to
blaspheme or to act profanely.
suane^ to steal ; cf . sani.
suba*y to pour ; cf . zvha.
sub(b)ahiy violent dispute ; cf .
sah(b)aM.
svhda jk^, to take off, e.g. a load.
subhana* ^\ i «■.>, Ar. ^\ i >■.>,
praise, B 1.
subiy much ; cf. tsibi,
8tth(b)olOy a rice-bag ; cf . saulo.
J J «s ^
stibub{b)i s,t0»^^, Ar. v'Mif, cause,
reason; from a different applic-
ation of the same Ar. rt comes
suba^{b)i dispute.
subui* 5kjM», Ar. %^, fractional
numeral, one -seventh, the
seventh part.
sttda b^w (cf. Ar. ^t^m, sparrow),
a small brown bird ; its call
is said to be ominous of war.
Sudan OA>^» ^^' 0'A>^» ^^^^^^'^j
B 76 sararin sudan the regions
of the Sudan. The word su-
dan which means the blacks,
i.e. the country of the blacks,
is applied by the natives to all
Africa N. of the equator and
S. of the Sahara desert, reach-
ing from Senegal to the Ked
Sea. In Hausaland the king
of Kwontagora bears the title
sarikin sudan, i.e. king of the
Sudan.
sudi ^3>w, that which is left, e.g.
as food for children or servants.
surdusi* ^JUf, Ar. ^ju», frac-
tional numeral, one-sixth.
su/(/)a, to increase ; cf . s<ifa.
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syf{f)odn ^JJf^j pi. 8uf{f)adai
^jAw, suiall light shoes worn
inside boots.
?ufi sf>^> -A.r. V!^^, wool from
sheep.
sufili, see seq.
mfwri jy^f mfwrcKi* i^jt^ or
^t^^Zi ^Jlfw, Ar. jAm^, 1. a large
thick book; 2. to bind up
tight, to tie up kola nuts, etc.
su/urij^L^ and sufurchi (cf . (1) Ar.
3jAMf, provisions for a journey),
1. money paid to carriers; 2. to
hire, rent, let out to; yin au-
furi or yin sufurchi^ id.
sujuda* ^^^^y Ar. ju»,«.», F 132
«At?ia sujuda he will prostrate
himself; cf. commoner form
sajada.
sukanij see aukua,
sukintsa*, A 23, probably = su
kintsa; see kintsa.
aukvAi tjXw, ^t^A^a l^ and sukani
j^Uw, ^\^>Lf, to gallop, flee
away; cf.^BllS, F 234 ado7'a
8uka da ban hanu da jiuna
they shall mount and gallop,
clapping their hands together,
yin 8uka or sukua or 8ukan% id.,
masukwani a place for gallop-
ing, sukua is the form gene-
rally used in Kano, suka in
Sokoto.
fukuki ^JCCtf, bush with thick
foliage, its food ground and
eaten; cf. (?) sirkakia.
sukurua* \^jMy corner; sukwruan
ham,u elbow. Another form of
the word is ku8U'nia = guiwan
hanu,
svlale ^^JULf, white cotton for
sewing; cf. under ailia,
sulale ^'iUr, cf. Ar. ^Lr, to cook
meat with very little water.
atdha* Ulw, agreement (?).
sulke ^yClU, Ar. •-yU*, Kanuri
iron armour, chain
sulkumi ^ .Q. V JL ■>> or surukumi
^j^£sj^y leather bag with nar-
row mouth, smaller than taiki,
sunia U^MT, ^uma U>i0 or ^uma*
U^i (cf. (?) Ar. >^, absti-
nence), faintness; jin suma to
feel faint, zumane* L5•^^33>
faint; cf. sumanche,
8um(m)a, a little; cf. 8am(m)a.
suma U,w, hair of the head, i.e.
when cut off".
sum(m)a l^ or tsuma* loi?, pi.
sumoki .^3 p ■ or tsumoki*
^J^^^y I'^gs, old garments.
sumanche ^ * j; »■■»» or sunancJie
jJUw, to cause to choke.
sumamjia L«fe»«Lo-Mi, a thin bending
branch of a tree, a stick.
«t4m6a Ij-Lrf, kiss, kissing hands to;
B 164 mu yi kewoye muna
sumban dutsi we make the
circuit, we kiss the stone.
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iSjy^
X I JOJ
swmhulewa SyX^, L slipping out,
slipping down ; 2. drawing out
(?), F 65 note.
svmum sj^^y Ar. ^J>^y fractional
numeral, one-eighth.
" » ■>
sumya ^^iW, spider's web.
sun iw, used as 3rd pers. pron. pi.
as prefix to past or aorist tense;
8un tajffi they went.
suna UjMf, pi. swnua \^yt» and
sunanaki ^t ; ;^ p name.
ransuna \^ymjj, day on which
a child receives its name.
Used in buying and selling,
e.g. ba shi suruiy lit. give it a
name, i.e. name its price.
mna Uo, musty smell as of grain
long kept; cf. sunsuna.
8un(n)ay law; cf. sunna.
suna* Umi, married; A 25 niata da
ke suna ta her tajffia a woman
that is married gives up going
(to three places).
sunadariy solder; cf. sinaderi.
sunancliej to cause to choke; cf.
sumanche,
sunche* ^J^ or sinche* jJUi^ =
kunche to untie, to loosen ; ya
sinche rakumhisa he ungirded
his camel.
sunena* tUw, the edible fruit of
the giginia (?).
sunguma j^ki^^ to lift up a heavy
weight with both hands.
sunke* ^yUw, to wrap or veil;
pass. F91 cwa niaka dan lika-
fa/ni kuma asunke a shroud
is placed for thee, thou art
wrapped therein.
sunkuru* j^fJ^y a warrior without
a load, i.e. carrying only arms.
sunkuya^ see seq.
sunkunay sunkuya b^fcw, 1 . to bow
down, to stoop; fig. 2. to work
uselessly, e.g. to till and reap
no harvest; C 4 kowa yi aiki
ha sani ya sunkwia whoever
works without knowledge works
uselessly.
sunna* U^, w, Ar. iUuf, law;
C 4:2 en sun hi sunna wanda
yaiwo (ya iwo) addunia if they
follow the law of him who
made the world.
sunsuna or sonsona ^mw, to
smell, esp. to smell a sweet
scent, also to hold anything
up to test whether it has any
smell ; cf. suna, musty smell.
"J
supa* Uuf, form, likeness; supasu
daia they are alike, supan8a =
kamansa his likeness.
sura* \jy>»y pi. surori ^j^jy^.
At. ^jy^fy chapter, e.g. of the
Koran.
surdi j^3>w (cf. (1) Ar. ^^^y to
sew together), pi. suradi {^^\j^,
yji^ and surduna Ujkj^w, pack-
saddle, saddle, e.g. suradi haa,
na zinaria ga kowa there shall
be golden saddles for everyone.
sure t^j^^y a soup like yakua^
q.v.'
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surfafe ^^j^y an epithet applied
to rice when husked and
cleaned; cf. 8hinkaf(f)a.
8urfe i^j^f the husk of grain; ct
prec. and surife.
8uri ^jy»/f pL sura \jy^, ant-hill
= giddan ga/ra,
surife i^-^f or suru/a v,^^, to
clean from husks by beating in
a mortar ; cf . sur/e.
surka, chain ; cf . sarka.
surM iJ^j^ or sariki ^J^j^,
father - in - law ; cf . sarakua
mother-in-law.
surkia [ ^ f^j>-^, bowstring; cf.
(?) sarka.
surufa, see surife,
suruki ^-^>|«rf, a sort of porridge
made with guinea-corn and
rice.
surukumi, a leather bag; cf. svl-
kumi.
^ J
surya 1*/*^, to parch, to burn (?) =
soiya^ • q.v. ; a passive form
occurs in D 67 kishirtua che
akansurya halshi hal niakurua
thirst shall burn the tongue
down to the throat.
susa ^y>»y to scratch, e.g. to rub
an itching place.
susuka threshing; cf. 8is(s)ika.
svMi^i* ^wj^^w, insects; F 109
da sususi dejffl su ka hungulawa
and the insects will pour forth
their poison.
suturay 1. to cover; 2. pomp; cf.
8it(t)ira,
suwa* \^j Ar. lyay evil desire,
evil intention, F 10.
suwa \ya, an internal swelling or
disease.
suvxi, to make merry ; cf . shewa.
suya, to parch; cf. soiya,
swane, to steal ; cf . suane.
The letter O is used by the Hausas
to represent the sound of the
English t In the case of words
either borrowed or adapted
from the Arabic, the Arabic
letter J9 is frequently repre-
sented in Hausa by O, e.g.
tudu ^jJ, Ar. >^\ in a few
words the Arabic letter is re-
tained in Hausa, e.g. tarfa
s^jlb. As a general rule h is
used by the Hausas to express
the sound of the English ts.
The letter 1» is rarely used
except in words derived from
Arabic, e.g. tsarafi ^jio ; its
pronunciation is the same as J9.
The Arabic w> is sometimes
changed by the Hausas into
O t, e.g. talata U^^LS, Ar. l>*ji.
The Hausa letters h ts and
w> ch are often interchanged,
e.g. t8ar{i)ki iJs>Ji» and chor-
r{i)ki ^^jj.
^ ^ ^
ta 3, U, U, feminine pronominal
particle, 1. 3rd pers. sing, per-
sonal pron. she, it; it is prefixed
to the aorist and present tenses
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and suffixed to the future aux-
iliary form, e.g. ta taffi she
went, tana taffia she is going,
zata taffi she will go; 2. it is
used as an objective pronoun
and suffixed to verbs and pre-
positions, e.g. gata behold her,
gareta to her ; 3. -ta or -nta i^
is used as an inseparable pos-
sessive pronoun for the third
person, and is suffixed to mas-
culine or feminine words, pro-
vided that the possessor is
feminine, e.g. dokinta her horse,
giddanta her house, iyayenta
her parents; 4. -ta or -nta is
also used as an inseparable
possessive pronoun for the first
person, and is suffixed to mas-
culine or feminine nouns; in
correct Hausa it is only used
when the possessor is feminine,
thus : my father and my mother,
if the speaker were a man,
would be vharca uwana; if the
speaker were a woman they
would be ubata uwata; for
further explanation of this use
of (a see H. Gr. p. 17 ; cf. tawa,
tata, takay etc.
ta 5, related to prec, used as a
feminine prefix, 1. to form the
adjectives tagari (masc. nagari)
good, takwarai (masc. nakwa-
rai) proper, correct; 2. to form
ordinal from cardinal numerals,
e.g. uku three, bokkoi seven,
tailku third, tahokkoi seventh.
For other uses of ^a as a prefix,
cf. ta^ada, taberma^ taderiahiy
takanchy takarda,
^ ^ ^ #x ^
ta^ada* jgu, Ar. 5^U, from ada
custom with ta (the fem. form
of na) ; like, A 21 kaka su ke
aiki ta^ada maUamai how men
can act like Mallams; cf. tada.
ta^adi^ Vj^JJU (cf. Ar. ^•xft, to
treat as an enemy), loss, de-
struction = herna ; yin ta^adi
to suffer loss.
ta^ala* ^J^, Ar. id., exalted, an
epithet applied to God, F 2
note.
tab{h)a ^^y 1. to touch, handle;
2. used of snakes, etc., to
sting, bite; cf. seq.
tab{b)a ^^y ip, probably the same
word as prec; 1. to do or
have done a thing once or to
a slight extent, to touch upon,
e.g. na tahha taffia I went but
a little way; na tahha chin
tuo I ate but a little ; ka tahha
je sokoto have you ever been
to Sokoto? ka tahha ganinsa
have you ever seen him? na
tahha ganinsa I saw him once,
I have seen him ; han tahha
yin hakka I never acted thus ;
2. to try, e.g. A 2 zan tahha
kokari I will endeavour to
make the attempt; cf. (?) tab-
hata.
taha* l^y to eat (?), A 35 wanan
da ke azumi ahoiyi ski kan
taha he who fasts but at the
same time eats in secret; or
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^
possibly the reading should be
tdba l^U, smokes.
tdba t^U, tobacco; tukimian taba
pipe; shan taba to smoke, lit.
to drink tobacco.
ta'ba* iJo, Ar. 4^> 1- ^^^y
trouble, F 68 n.; 2. = ym
wohalla to toil, to be in trouble.
taba'a* UJ (cf. Ar. ^-s-^i to
stamp), found in the comp.
taba^an takarda sheet of paper,
page of a book.
taba/nif beans ground up; cf. t2i-
ba/ni,
taharia bjl*J, pi. taba/re ^M (^^-
^ ^^
(?) Ar. j-*5, to smash), large
wooden pestle for pounding up
rice, etc. in a turumi,
tabbache^ see seq.
tahbata or tabbeta XZJ (sometimes
pronounced tabetta), Ar. C^,
1. to be sure, to be assured,
to make sure ; ya tabbeta = ya
yi babu shakka or ya sani
kwarai he had no doubt, he
felt sure, ka tabbeta are you
certain? 2. hence used like
English, surely, certainly, e.g.
ya tabbeta nan he is certainly
there; cf. D 24 kowa ya ki
saUa ko tahbetd kafiri ne he
who refuses to pray is indeed
a heathen ; 3. continuance,
permanence, e.g. B 106 ni ban
ga tabbeta ba ga mulkinta I
have seen no continuance to
its dominion ; D 79 giddan
dawama giddan tabbeta the
house of constant abode, the
house in which to remain. In
this sense is employed the
particip. form tabbetawa, e.g.
F 62 muka tabbetawa we shall
continue, F 152, 166, 173, 180.
matabbata*y q. v., enduring,
t fix
tahbache ^Ji^, to know cer-
tainly. tabbaiachia LJL^J,
established, approved, certain ;
magana tahbatachia true words.
tahe i^\3y to be without, to fail
to get ; B 67 roki ubangiji ba
ka tahe ba ask the Lord, thou
wilt not fail to get it.
taberma U;«J, mat made of reeds
or grass; (?) from Ax, jij^, to
twist into a rope, with Hausa
prefix as in taderishi.
tabi^ ^^5^> a shortened form of
tambaya to question, D 45 n.
tabi* ^-j3, found in comp., E 15
masutabin amana those who
steal earnest money, v. note,
ad loc.
tahia* l^, custom.
tahi'i* *^l5 (E 52) (= Ar. ^U,
constr. pi. oblique of ^>t>a^t5),
tabi'ina followers, B 174, E 52
tabi'i tahi^ina followers of fol-
lowers.
tabki oiiJ, tapki or tafki ou3
(Ar. Uii{Jf», rain over the whole
country), fem. gender, flowing
water, river, pool.
tab{b)o y^y pi. tahuna U^ (cf . Ar.
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«nJ9, soil, dirt), mud, a spot
or mark ; cf. (?) seq.
taho yfi^ scar of a healed wound.
tdbo yi\jy ripe; dahino ya yi taho
the date is ripe or soft.
tabo* jyJ, to meet with a person,
to relieve another of his load,
na taboshi I took his load;
cf. (?) tab{h)a and tareo,
tabo, a lunatic ; cf. tabu,
tohri ^j^i pl< \j^9 a castrated
goat.
tabsa ^jm^, to dye. tabsa Lm^,
dyeing, yht tahaa to dje.
tahahi*, soft; cf. tapshi.
tabu or taho yJ, fern, tabuwa t^,
a lunatic.
tachi ^3U or tashi ^<£>ti, 1. to
make bright ; ya tachishi — ya
yi shi xia keau, to purify water
by straining ; 2. da ta^hi clear,
bright, 8a7)ia da to/chi the sky
is bright, tatache ^LU, pL
tatatu yi\^, made bright.
tach% to milk ; cf . tasa.
tada bU, tjkju, pi. tadodi ^3^3U,
custom, habit, matter, subject,
thing, e.g. tadansu ke nan that
is their custom ; cf . ada^ ta^ada,
tdda ^U, jJ, 1. to lift up, A 6
saidai shi tada haha yi jaki
berbera he would merely lift
up his chin and bray like an
ass; 2. to start or send, na
tada manzo I sent a messenger.
tadovm tjjJ, verbal form D 76
mu taJca tadowa we shall rise
up ; cf . the related form tashi.
tadatoal aUaJk «*^t Jl^jJ, a mole
on the skin, lit. Grod's ink ; cf .
adaioa,
taderishi iJ*jjJ (cf. (?) Ar. from
Pers. u^by black leather, with
Hausa prefix), boards or stiff
covers for binding books =
bango.
taderishi ^jjJ, cf. (?) Ar. |^j>,
bluntness of a knife.
tdd% loss ; cf . ta^adi,
tddi ^y\3 or yin tddiy to converse.
tadowa, raising up ; cf . tada,
tafa k^U or tafi ^U, to clap the
hands; cf. tafi,
ta/ariki t m^ j^y tafarki ^^sjju
(A 19, 22), ta/arke* ^^
(D 50), tafrika* Jjj (D 50),
J ^ ^
pi. tafarkoki ^jS^^iSsjJLJ, way,
road, path, tafariki is often
used of the path of religion,
A 71 itache tafarki da ke bi
ita daia the path for thee to
follow is one. tafariki is gene-
rally used for a smaller or less
defined path or track than
hainya, q.v.
^ j0 ^^ ^ ^0 ^ ^
tafamua Sy^jto, pi. tafarnai i^j^y
garlic.
tafassa or tafessa Uma3, to boil, i^ua
ya tafassa the water boiled,
pass. id. atafoAsashi it is boil-
ing; A 80 rana kokulwa kanua
tafassa su kai (= su ka yi) lit.
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219
on that day the skulls have
made the heads to boil; cf.
D 65. Fig. zuchiata ta tafaasa
my heart boils, i.e. it is vexed;
cf. tasioa,
- J X -
tafoAua* t^.M>i,.l, needle; cf. (?)
fa8(s)a.
1. to fade away = kwake] 2.
to be without, to fail to obtain;
cf. tahe,
Uiferka, see tafariki,
ta/erko y ^ j^y 1. beginning, e.g.
taferko da takarahe the first
and last of a thing, also =
dunia da lahira this world and
the next ; 2. used as an adjec-
tive as the feminine of na/erko,
q.v.
ta/essa UjiJ, a smaU plant, its
leaves when ground up are
used as a medicine to rub on
the chest, = raidore,
ta/essay to boil ; cf . ta/assa.
tafi tjt^i 1. the hand spread out
flat, tafin Iianu the palm of
the hand, tafin kqfa the sole
of the foot ; tafin giwa (a) a
round mat, only used by a
king, (6) salt spread out ; 2. to
clasp the hands together; cf.
tafa.
tafi, to be without ; cf. tahe, ta/e.
ta/{f)i ^^, to go, to travel; to
form the pres. tense the noun
taffia must be employed with
the pronominal forms ending
in na, e.g. suna tajffia they are
going; taffi followed hj da -
to take away, taffi ga rana
lit. go to the sun is the
name given to a small brown
harmless snake which comes
out at daylight. taf{f)w, l^,
pi. tafifia Cm3, going, journey,
travelling; taffian kwana hiu
two days' journey, yin taffia —
' " ^
taffi. taf{f){awa tjld!^, partic.
form of taffi, journeying. taf{/)o
^ or tahor ^^, to come, taffo
kusa come near ; for the pres.
tense the form taffowa is often
used ; suna taffowa they are
coming here.
Uifki, a pool ; cf . tahki,
tqfo* 3^U, used in phr. Uifo ma-
gamnia to get a splinter in
the foot.
ta/{/)o, see taf{f)i,
tafshi, soft ; cf . tapshi,
toga UU (Ar. dilb, window), a
hole to look out at. In Hausa-
land houses are built without
windows, the only opening
being the doorway.
tayari {^^^ good, fem. of nagari,
q.v. ^
tagia (fJu, iez, cap, usually worn
by the Hausas underneath the
large straw hat, iiudafa ; most
of those in the country are
imported across the desert from
Tripoli.
tag{g)o* ^, pi. tag{g)una* U«?, a
kind of shirt = (?) tug{g)ua, q.v.
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tagomas yjm^^J, a sword with a
double sharp edge.
tagua, a shirt ; cf . tug%ui,
tiigua tjJtJ, pi. taguai ^jJiJ,
1. female camel, she-camel;
2. the constellation of the camel
which rises at the beginning
of the dry season (Ar. iiUJI).
tagua*y heavy rain ; cf. tugiui.
taguaye, twins ; cf . tuguaye.
tagula ^)«x» or tugtUa >«3, pi.
tagulai ^^JlJj 1. bracelet,
tagulain hanu, id.; 2. a girdle
made of copper.
tah.o*y to come; another form of
^/(/K C 18, 19, D 87.
taia or taii, to make an offer in
bargaining for anything; cf.
taya,
taiesda, to raise up, to send away ;
cf. taya,
taigal(l)a* *^Utp, the part of the
comb made by bees which is
not eaten (?) ; cf . galla,
taiki ^X^i pL taika UC^ or taikuna
U^ [cf. Ar. S^ IV, to fill
a skin bag], large bag made of
skin, a bundle ; cf. stUkumi,
taimako y^^, help, assistance,
e.g. A 2 ka yi taimako ga/reni
do thou help me, send help
unto me. taimakama tjlv^,
help, assistance; F 79 masowa
duk enna maitaimakawa of all
who love thee where is one
that can help ?
taimaTYiaj^^ (cf. Ar.^^ v), cere-
monial ablutions made with
sand ; A 54 toanan da kan rika
taiinama kam hahv, huja the
man who performed his ablu-
tions with sand though there
was no reason for his doing so
(i.e. when water was available).
tainyay tainye, tainyo and tainyona
secondary forms of taya to
help, q.v.
tajawankai i«Xji^%^, light kind of
sandals, more highly decorated
than sarnbazaiy q.v.
tajini* ^Ji^\Jy a large drum such
as would be used by a king.
tajiri j^\3, Ar. *^U, merchant,
trader.
taka, to tread, trample upon,
to mount up; cf. (?) tak(k)i,
tak(k)a JX^y to measure lengths
with the hand ; cf . tak(k)i,
taka yjjj, separable possessive pron.
2nd pers. sing. *thy,' used
when possessor is masc. and
object possessed is fem. ; cf.
7iaka and taki.
tak(k)aba ^fSiy to take off gar-
ments as a sign of grief, to
mourn, to make lamentation.
tak{k)ahod{d)o j JlJ3, a white bird
with reddish feet, somewhat
resembling a dotterel.
takaichi ^1^^, hatred, anger; ina
ji takaichi = na yi fushi da I
am angry with.
tak{k)aka* l^, very many, e.g.
mutane takkaka (?).
tak{k)ake l^yiem, tak{k)aka\i^^
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221
v>tf
pl. tak(k)aku^iS3y particip. form
from tak{k)i beaten, mashed.
takala *^ILXJ, loom. The native
looms are very narrow and can
only weave a width of 4 in. at
a time.
takcdmi |c.^JL£»U, pl. takalma
. 6 ^ T ^
IJL^iJ, shoe, sandal, including
kufiUai and sambazai.
takama l^CJ, to walk proudly, to
sway the arms to and fro,
D 52, 54, in last passage taka-
mal is a connective or constr.
form; cf. maitakaina one who
walks proudly.
takanda \jjS3 or takanta UUX?,
sugar-cane ; Ar. SjU^ (English
* candy ') with Hausa prefix ta
as in seq.
takarda tj^pC), pl. takardu ^jS3j
Kanuri tagarda (cf. (?) Ar.
^U9ji, Gk. xapriq^)^ paper, let-
ter, book, anything with writing
on, e.g. F 1 40 ajefo har takardun
aiku namu we shall be placed
according to the lists of our
deeds.
takarikari ^j^jXjj pL takarikarai
i^j^jSSj bull or ox used for
carrying loads.
taka/rshe last = karahe^ q.v.
takas ^^J3 [cf. Ar. ^j»»mJi and
9 X J
^j00^^, which have been vari-
ously interpreted dolphin, sea-
cow, hyena and badger, Lat.
taxus, taxo (Augustine), It.
tasso. Germ, dachs; cf. Bochart,
* Hierozoicon,' p. 989], badger.
takawa, steps; cf. taka,
taki ^, separable possessive pron.
2nd pers. sing., used when
possessor and object possessed
are both feminine; cf. taka
and naki.
taki 15^13, dung; yin taki to
manure.
tak{k)i ^, pl. takoki ^J^,
a foot regarded as a measure
of length, also applied to the
hand ; takin hanu a span ; cf .
tak(k)a,
tak(k)i ^S3 or taka ^U, to beat
down, to tread down with the
feet, to mount upon ; maitaki
= one who treads, beats or
threshes corn, maitakin hiriy
lit. stepping like a monkey =
a horse that walks with its
pasterns touching the ground,
F 194 za,su taka they will
mount up, D 76. takatoa\^\£s^3,
steps; cf. tak(k)a, takitaki,
taJci ^^, pl. takoki ^ £n> y jl, an
insect like a locust, with long
legs.
takichiy a fee paid for bringing
a present; cf. tukuichi,
takitaki* ^^J^O, course, tendency
= halli; C 17 takitakin dunia
the course of this world.
takobi or takwobi ^^, pl. ta-
kuba U^9 sword, cutlass, e.g.
C3S 8u ni takuban mumini na
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ihsfi
222
.flC
shirin fada they are as swords
to the unbelievers, a prepara-
tion for fighting.
takoko 3^3Vl, an old man with
bent back.
tahu ^y separable possessive pron.
2nd pers. pi. ^your,' used when
the object possessed is femi-
nine; cf. nahi,
tdkuha^ see takobi.
takumkumi* ^pX^C?, a muzzle
for a goat or a donkey.
tak{k)ura ji3y \ji3, to be curled up
in a heap, used of a man or
snake; to fold the arms; D 15
pass, cmatahu/ra he is bowed
down, D 16 ahina takura he
falls down.
takii/rua a species of palm ; cf.
tukurua.
taktvobiy see takobi.
takwoshi yjJayJLj or ta/rkoahi
^j/^^Sstp, lameness; yana taffla
takwoshi he walks on one side
of his instep, he goes lame; cf.
gtvami.
tal{1)a J5 (cf. Ar. rt ^ iv, to
press for payment), to higgle,
sell, expose for sale, cry one's
wares in the street.
talaba ^^Jb, to support anything
with the hand spread out.
talafa* siXJ, Ar. i.^, ya talafa
it is lost or destroyed.
talafi saX<{, to bring up a child or
animal the parent of which is
dead, to feed.
tal(r)agi ^jkJJ, to stir about in the
pot while cooking.
talaka l£0, pi. t^UUJ, Kanuri to-
la^a, poor, a poor person; mat-
tcdaka a poor or humble person.
talalahia It^^UJ, to slip, to make a
slip; yin talalahia^ id.
talaahi* ^^mJU (Ar. i^^JUbt, satin,
whence Germ. Atlass), satin;
ja talashi red satin.
taldta USij, Ar. 1>*JJ, the numeral
three; talafa is frequently used,
esp. in counting cowries, for
three thousand.
talatalu ^JUJLj, turkey, possibly
onomatopoetic; cf. agwagioa,
taUUin v>?^, Ar. Qifi^y card,
num., thirty.
talattchi w^^iJ, y^^y n. abstr. of
tal^ka, poverty, humbleness ;
53 ya da/u tcdatuihi ya fiya
nuisa dukia he took upon him-
self poverty, it was better to
him than wealth.
talhaiina* Ul^JD, pi. talhcUinu
yizL .U, a stone pendant worn
by women.
talia* (fSjf flour mixed with water ;
in N. Africa = macaroni.
talibamham j^^gi^y 1. a small frog,
with large belly, and two lines
across it; 2. fish with belly
like that of this frog.
talikai* vi^U, Ar. J^.U? ii,
things created, animate and in-
animate, F 137.
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223
talili ^JLjJL3, leather case for book.
talita*, to create; cf. halita*.
taltali* (Jwb, B 72, preparation ;
cf. tatalif id.
tam(m)a i^, 1. the ore of iron;
2. a sword of cheap rough work-
manship ; cf . kazin-tam(m)a and
matanKichi.
tama UU, pride -foma,
tamaha l^ (cf. (?) Ar. T-^, to
covet, Kanuri tama = ex-
pectation), hope, expectation,
thought, C 1 4 ; yin tamaha to
think, imagine, hope, expect.
tam(m)alaulo y^JL^, a sword with
only one cutting edge ; cf .
tajn(m)a.
XX * ■^ i
tam^ni* v>o-^> ^^' O^* price;
tamaninsa its price is....
XX X XX
tam4nin ^Uj> Ar. ^j^[^, card,
num., eighty.
xOx
tamba lJ3y a dark red species of
rice.
XX Ox
tamhaha lj.fi3, doubt, uncertainty;
yin tamhaha to be in doubt
or uncertainty, 6a6i^ tamhaha
there is no doubt, =kokonto,
tamhaia, to ask ; cf . tamhaya.
xO X J Ox
tamhdri jl^Xf (cf. j>t^, used in
Barbary for drum, and which
comes through the Spanish
tambor), a kind of drum, the
bottom of which is pointed,
often carried in front of a
royal procession, m^itamhari
drummer.
tamhaya or tambaia V»^, 1. <}ues-
tion, inquiry; F 146/a «?/ duka
tamhaya bamham ga howa and
the questions asked at each
are all different ; yin tamhaya
to ask, A 27 tayi tamhaya let
her ask ; 2. to ask, to inquire,
D 41 ; mmtambayawa one who
asks, F 19; cf. tabi, id.
X Ox
tamga* Ix^, a cutlass about three
inches in breadth.
Ox X Ox
tamgaramjijjL^^ a glass dish, any
small white vessel; cf. (?) tan-
garai,
X Ox 0x0 X
tamka %U^, tamkar jX^, tamkan
X Ox * ^^ "
^^>XoJ, tamkat mZS^ or tankat
X Ox
cXJ, like, wanan shine tam.-
kat wonchan this is like that ;
usually followed by da = like
to or like as. tam^karda su che
just as they said ; cf. kamada,
tamka, to converse ; cf . tonka.
xOx
tamka UC^, a small kind of pepper.
fix
tafnmat* CU^, Ar. id., lit. it is
finished ; it is often placed at
the end of compositions, C 55,
G7.
X Ox xO X
tamna ^^^, U^, 1. to chew, e.g.
mutane suna tamna goro the
people chew the kola -nut;
2. tamna hakkori to gnash the
teeth ; 3. to hurt, tamnane
1 X Ox X X X
^JLL^y fem. tamnana Uj;^ ? ,
JxOx
pl. tamnanu y J^^ chewed.
JxOx JxOx
tanvraro j\j^ or taura/ro ^j\jyii
pl. tam>ra/ru jjW^, taurarai
OxxOx '^ OxOx
^Ij^J, and tamrai ^j^^^
star,
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224
^
tamuj^^ separable possessive pron.
1st pers. pi. *oiir,' used when
the object possessed is fern.;
cf. use of namu,
tana U3, pers. pron. 3rd pers. fern,
pres. tense; cf. ahina (masc).
tana w, pi. tanfiu^, a worm which
lives in the ground.
tanda \jJa or tandem ^jJ^y pit
for cooking bread in, oven,
large earthen pot used as an
oven.
tandabara, pigeon ; cf. tantahara,
tandawara \j^JJ^y a small goat-
skin bag used for holding
water, etc.; cf. tandu.
tandem, oven ; cf . tanda.
- t Ox X I OJ
tandewa t^juJ or tundewa \yijJ3,
to lick the hand.
tandu 3ju3, Kanuri id., vessel
made of skin ; tandun tozaZi
small skin bottle for holding
antimony.
tan{n)e* ^yJ, to say, speak, ya
tanne = ya che.
tan/ari or tamfari* yCj, like, A 76
tan/ari kasa che ka kana so
kai gini it is like earth when
you desire to build.
ta/ngana* O-iuJ, to lean against,
ya tangana ga ita^he he leaned
against a tree; cf. dangana,
id.
- - Ox
tamgar(T)a* jkXi, cf. Kanuri tun-
gur, to feel trouble, na tan-
ga/rra = na ji wohalla,
xxOx
tangarai v„£|Aa3> 1. bright as silver;
hence 2. early dawn, tangarai
ke nan the sky is unclouded.
X X
tangos ^^oJ^JL'», = daidai^ e.g. ahoki
da ni mu ne tangos my friend
and I, we 'agree exactly.
X Ox X X
tanka mJ or tamka «£l^, 1. to
X ^Ox
conversa to/nkawa tyCJ, con-
versation; 2. to talk much,
D 87 idan ka tanka if thou
X Ox
talkest much, tankiya IjXJ,
much talking.
xOx
tanJea IC^, roof, also used of sets
of three or four grass reeds
bound together, forming the
inside binding to a thatched
roof, from tarike to bind; cf.
kirinia,
I xOx
tankade ^jXJ, 1. to winnow, to
shake; yin tankode, id., v. seq.;
2. to knock down, to overturn.
ta/nkadi ^jl5u3, a fan.
tankoH ^j^y proP) support, e.g.
tent-pole ; sariki shi ne tanka-
rvn dunia the king supports
the world.
tankcU, like; cf. tamka,
tankawoy conversation; cf. tanka.
I Ox
tanke ^^w, to bind ; cf . tanka.
I X Ox
tankerike ^^j\i\ a large species
of wood pigeon called mallamin
doji from the noise which it
makes.
tankiya, much talking ; cf . tanka.
tanko* >xb, a name given to a
boy who is the third or fourth
child of his mother, the pre-
vious children being all girls.
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t^JCJ
225
iU
tankoaa or tankwa8(8)a ^^^mXaJ,
1. to bend, e.g. yaaana ta gage
ha na iya ha en tankosata my
finger is stiff, I cannot bend
it; 2. to hinder, e.g. na tan-
kosa zuchianka = na hdnna
ahinda ka ke so 1 prevent you
from obtaining your wish ;
3. to submit, na tankwassa
kaina I humble myself; cf.
tankwa8(8)a and seq.
ta/nkoshe ^il£J, to be repelled, to
rebound, used of a spear thrown
back.
tankwa8(8)a, to hinder; cf. 'tan-
tankwa8(8)a UXO, humility, mai-
tankwa88a a humble person.
tantabara \j>sZij, tanddbara S^jJ^^
pi. tantabaru ^j^jZij or tanda-
baru ^j^jJiS, Fulah tantaba-
ra^^, 1. pigeon; 2. ^g, a young
girl.
tantam(m)a \^,Z 1 1, doubt, uncer-
tainty.
tantanua* tyLZ-Lj; snail (?) ; cf.
katamtamwa,
tanura* lj>*J, a small bag for
carrying provisions for a jour-
ney.
tapki, pool; cf. to5^.
topAt or tafshi ^j<^ or tabshi*
^^LJ, soft, tender, well-cooked,
ripe; tapshi tapshi kind, soft-
hearted, soft, used of cloth; yin
tapshi to be or to make soft.
tar a !p, card. num. nine, A 41 ;
B.
the corresponding ordinal is
m. natara, f. tata/ra ninth, 8au
tara nine times.
ta/ra^ 1^5, Sokoto taro* ^y, tribute,
but paid only by heathen.
tarajKi, to put together, e.g. A 17
kaddadai ka tara lianuka don
t8oron berri although thou put
both thy hands on it for fear
of losing it ; to gather, collect,
assemble ; E 23 ^i^ ta/ra gidda
= they share in the abode.
ta/ruwa IjjU, meeting; many
related forms are found, e.g.
taras ^^jU, to reach to, tarda
^jj or tarasda ju^jU, to join,
i.e. to come up with or over-
take, to meet with ; A 3H ya
tarda chivia he will contract
a disease; ria tardashi (pos-
sibly for tare da shi) I came
up with him; tarsa ^y is
used in D 70 in the sense of
to benefit or help. tarshe
^j^j^9 ta/rshi ^J^jJ, to help,
D 78, 48 ka tarshimu ji dadi
help us to feel happy, ta/rie
^jU, to meet, to go to meet,
to interfere with another, tareo
^*u or toHo ^j\3, to bring,
to take and bring, tataraj^,
q.vi, to pile up, etc. ta/ru ^j\3
is used as intr. of tara to be
assembled, gathered together,
to be full ; cf . tare, ta/ria, tari^
tarare, tariui,
15
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tarabvlvs ^^J^j^t the town of
Tripoli
ta/raia [^jjy a girdle made of cloth.
«» ^>
tarara jjj, to be poured out like
wheat through a sieve, or like
water, tarare ^j(p, to strain
out.
tara/re ^jj\Ji fern, tarara fjjU,
pL tara/ru ^jj^, gathered,
collected, altogether ; cf. tara,
taras, to reach to ; cf . tara.
tarasanhiy all, altogether; cf. to-
aaahi,
iarascla, to overtake ; of. tara.
tarda^ to meet with ; cf. tara,
tare ^jO, together, tare da ni
together with me; mu taffi tare
let us go together; tare da
wanan* lit. together with this,
nevertheless (an imitation of
the Ar. expression t Ja j^^)»
tare or tarie, to meet or interfere
with ; cf. tara,
tareo*y to meet with, to take and
bring, to relieve another of
his load; cf. tara.
tar/a* s^ji^, Ar. i^fji, to pour
out drop by drop, to pour out
slowly, tarji* s^ji^y a drop
of rain, etc., a small piece of
anything, cf. Ar. sV^*
^^ lA^ abundance, plenty, as
adv. much, plentifully, as v.
D57 akanguda tari very many
shall come together, v. note;
226 3^tt
used sometimes with pronouns
tarinku all of you ; cf . tarcu
taria l|}jU, from tara to assemble,
meeting, yin taria to meet;
nuMutaria crowd ; masiUari*
brigands (?).
tarika* \^J3 or tarika Up, 1. (of.
Ar. ^^p», a line or row) a
collection of tents or temporary
huts or booths; 2. (cf. Ar.
^^, mode of acting, habit)
to have a certain character,
e.g. ya tarika dedde he is a
dawdler, ya tarika fadda he is
quarrelsome, tarikachi* ^tAji,
S^P^ dwellings, D 88 Jb
kan her tarika^hi dunia thou
wilt leave behind the dwell-
ings of earth.
iarikif jp (cf. (?) Ar. wiji, to
foul water by throwing stones
into it), small stones or sand
mixed with graiiL
tario*, to take and bring; cf.
tareo and tara.
tanoshe ^^jJ^ i.q. prec.
tarkoahif lameness; cf. iakwoshi.
tamaki ^^Up, a rope used to
hobble a horse by tjdng one
front leg to one hind leg.
taro or taru jj^U, pi. tarori ^jjU,
D 71 multitude, company,
heap; used adverbially B 158
= together ; cf . tara,
taroy a tax ; cf . tara.
tarsa*, to help, D 70 ; ct tara.
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i^*^
227
\iLj
ta^aaaa* ^jm>i0j3, to reproach, de-
spise; cf. tersa,
tarsashi, all, altogether; cf. tasa-
ahi.
ta/rshe, tarshi, to help ; cf . tara,
^ J x
twrsoa \y^j^t lit. grouping, the
constellation Pleiades fin Ar.
taru ^j\3y pi. iaruna UjU, net;
8una kama kifi da taru they
are catching fish with a net.
ta/niy to assemble ; cf . tanra.
tarukUf trap for wild animals made
with a rope ; cf . turko,
tarutoa, 1. meeting, cf. tara; 2*.
heaping up, D 87 {?).
taaa^^, separable possessive pron.
third pers. sing. * his,' used
when the possessor is masc.
and the object possessed is
fem.; cf. tata and nasa,
ta^a UU or dasa* \^y pi. taaoshi
^^y0i\j, Ar. 3LJi0y Kanuri id.,
Nup€ id., a cup, bowl, bottla
ta^sa ^Jjy ta»i ^^mJ, tachi ^Ji^y
tdtaa Ij or taza p (cf. (?) Ar.
^jy, teat), na tan akwia I
milk a goat, na, tasa nono I
milk ; to squeeze a lemon, etc.
tasdri jUJ, misfortune, loss, na
yi taaari I have a misfortune ;
na yi tasarinsu I have lost
them, talari and asara are
apparently both forms of the
Ar. ijL^, cf. ha^ara,
^ t^ . * ^ *
tasashi ^JL.iu, tarsashi i^tmtp or
tarasashi* jJL-p (cf. (1) Ar.
^Ib), all, altogether.
tasatoa tjUU, rising, B 56 tasatval
hantei the rising of the sun.
taabaha* L^Lj, Ar. ^..iL^ ii,
praise, D 26 kuna tasbaha oflTer
up praise.
• ' » X <
torn ^^t*^, pi. <a«6at ^mmJ (cf.
Ar. 3fci»..», rosary), beads, esp.
as used for counting prayers.
to«A«, to raise up ; see seq.
tashi ^J^\3y 1. a rise, rising, tashi
da^gga matatu resurrection ;
2. to rise, arise, go forth, to
start from a place, e.g. G 1,
1, 10 ya saki tashi he prepared
to start. Other forms are tada
>U, q.v., to raise up, lift up;
tasJie ^y#U, to cause to rise,
to erect, to wake one up ;
tayes ^^U, to wake one up,
X • ^ ^
to set up; tayeada jum^U, to
raise up, to send away ; tayestia
^ ^ x
1^*^U, rising, resurrection; taso
^mtU, to rise up, to come up.
tashif bright, etc. ; cf. tachi.
ta{8)8hif etc., a kind of pepper;
cf . tvshi,
tashinkai ^JUL^U, pride, lit. rais-
ing up the head.
tasif to milk ; cf . tasa,
taaka l£l7, pi. taskaki ^jTVimJ,
store-room, treasury, a round
mud receptacle for grain, etc.,
hence meton. treasure, taska^che
^JZmJ, to lay up treasure.
15—2
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^J3?
taalinian* j^fX^tJ^ At, j^ ii, id.,
saluting, D title, note.
tcMo, to come up ; cf . ta^hi.
tasu ^jtJi, separable possessive
pron. third pers. pi. * their,'
used when the object possessed
is fern. ; cf. nasu.
tarn* Ja\i, B 76, like, from Ar.
^y^, or ya yi <. =it is like them.
tasunia [ ^ .13 .rfU, pi. tasunioyi
^y^jyAJ, a story told at
night, story, tale.
taatjoa t^^J, boiling ; apparently a
shortened form of tafassa, q.v.
taswa* y^, possibly = toi ottcbsa its,
F 144 karamta taswa gashi its
path is as a hair ; the better read-
ing is k. t€M wa; cf. under taa.
tata* LlJ, separable possessive
pron. used both for the first
and third persons, i.e. *my'
and * her,' when the possessor
and object possessed are both
feminine, tawa is however
frequently used for the first
and tasa for the third person ;
cf. Gr. p. 17, note.
tatache, pi. tatatUy bright, inten-
sive form of t€u:hiy q.v.
tatak(k)a U^, stalks of grass, used
for horses' food; cf. (?) seq.
tataka ^kHj or tatake ^JiZ3, to
tread down, trample under
foot, also fig. B 40 kadda mu
tatakeshi muna banna let us
not vainly trample it (know-
ledge) under foot.
tatali* iJU3, preparation, D 86
ya yi tatali he makes prepara-
tion; cf. tatali, id.
Jit ^ ^ * *
tatapara* \j ^.11 or kadakara
tj^jL^, a bat.
tata/ra jX3, an intensive form of
tara, q.v., to squeeze, pile up
together, A 28 pass, atatare
sitting crouching with arms
tightly folded, D 61 ra/na chan
akatantaramu on that day
when we have been gathered
together ; E 19 8u tatara han-
kalinsu zua ga mata they pay
all their attention to women.
tatsa, to milk; cf. tasa.
tatsunia L^^JxJ, pi. tatauniai
^^, star.
tauMAia*
and tauhidi
JL^*.^, Ar. rt j^».j II, to pro-
fess the unity (of God); A 48
note, F 147.
taura tj^, a large tree, the fruit
of which is an edible nut.
taura/ro, star; cf. tamraro.
tauri* {^jy^i he-goat.
tatbri ^jy^f hardness, stubborn-
ness; da tauri strong, hard, the
opposite to tapshi, taurin zu-
cAia hardness of hea,rt,yvn tauri
to harden, to become hard.
tauria ^j^t a form of tauri,
barrenness, matauria l^j^C*,
barren.
tausa*, to squeeze; cf. tai^he.
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\tip
tausai ij>ayi, also tav^saye ^jtr'y^f
pity, compassion; B 59, C 13
kaito ka wawa kai mu ki tcmaai
nana alas thou fool, we pity
thee here, yin t, and jin t, to
have or feel pity, to be sorry,
dbin tavsaye what a pity !
tansangara* S^kSi^yi, ants ; A 44
ajia da ba...tati8angara riches
free from... ants; possibly we
should read tausan ga/ra the
nibbling of ants, cf. taushe,
tausaye^ see prec.
taushe tJ^y> or tatisa ^yi, 1. to
press, squeeze ; 2. to hold off
or back, to keep one off. tau-
sheshR ^JLityi, fem. tausheshia
l^ww^J, pi. taushetu y^y>t
particip. pass, form, pressed,
squeezed. tausJiewa Sy^iJ^yJy
pres. particip. form, pressing,
squeezing; cf. tushe to rub or
grind, and tersatua,
taushi iJ^yi, 1. onions cooked in
soup; 2*. root of a tree, i.q.
tuahi.
lautaUf spider, etc.; cf. toto, id.
tautuiy to lessen; cf. tawaya,
tawa lyj, separable possessive pron.
first pers. sing., used when
possessor is masc. and object
possessed is fem. See Gr.
p. 17 ; cf. nawa,
XXX • X X X
tawa8{9)a Uy , pi. ^^y^f a large
tree, from the bark of which
small ropes are made.
^ X X , Ox
tawaya \^\yJ or tauuui ^^y^9
1. to decrease, to lessen, ag.
rana ta tanjoa/ya the day de-
clines; 2. to press down.
tawaye*, twins; cf. tuguaye.
^ X X ^ X
toAfa^ taia ^J or tayi ^-P, to bar-
gain, to make an ofi^r in bar-
tering; yin tayif id.
X X XX
taya ^, ^J, to help, to assist,
constr. 1. with direct obj.;
2. with ma, e.g. na taya maka
I help thee ; 3. with an inf.,
e.g. vKme shina tayani chin
kifi, nan who will help me to
eat this fish? tainya ^^-aJ,
tainye ic^^, tainyo ytfii to
help, tainyona* \jyt*^f help;
cf. taimako,
tayasy to set up; cf. tashi,
tayesda or taiesda, to raise up, to
send away; cf. tashi,
ta/yesua^ rising, resurrection; cf.
tashL
taza*, to milk; cf. tasa,
tazargadi* ^j^jJJiy a bitter
medicine made from herbs used
to prevent vomiting.
XX
teddas i-# jJ, to blow water out of
x» XX
the mouth, teddaswa t^^rju,
the action of blowing water
out of the mouth ; cf . tuda,
tentaly civet; cf. ma^{g)i.
xOx , • xOx
terga Up, pi. tergai ^j2 (cf. Ar.
u^ VIII to have weak knees
and fall), disease of joints; ya
yi terga,
xO ^
ter(r)inia Wp, fatness ; ya y% ter-
rinia he is ia.t = ya yijiki.
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term* JaJ> (ct Ar. ^^ v), to
despise; c£. tarsiua.
Ursawa tjCwp, also itBawa t^«MJ>
grinding of wheat, etc. ; cf .
(?) tauaa^ tuahe.
te8{s)a ^jJi or teaa ^/mJ, to say a
thing over again, repeat.
tijo ^ijn'?, disease on horses' legs.
tiHTjaldbia* WUl3, soft, slippery
mud.
tUa8 4,^*^1 force; da tilas by force,
perforce, yin tUas to use force,
to compel. tiUisa ^j»X^ and
^ • "
tilasda juJLp, to use force
with, to constrain, e.g. na
tilasa mutum I use force to
compel the man.
tUaada, see prec.
tiUi* Jj, Jj or tulli Ja, Ar.
JJ, id., heap, large store of
anything, e.g. tillin dvutsu
heap of stones, tululu >)yb,
abundance, plenty.
timhuktu ^ilj3^ Timbuctoo.
timjere ^ > ni p 1 or tumjere
^li^i »7, syphilis := cAtuton
6tmt.
J©
tindumi i«*«jUl{, sewing or em-
broidery at edge of a garment.
tingama ja\^i3, to beat or grind
rice, wheat, etc.
tinia^ large bush, etc. ; cf. tumia,
tinJda i^^» ^ small female stag.
tinzera ijis, perplexity, fear; na
yt (tn90ra»>na ji Uoro I am
afraid.
tvr ^, woe ! may God curse you !
tir da wonan woe to this man !
ti/rmani .y Up, a very small black
stinging ant similar to chinaka^
ti8(8)am ^>JuJ, Ar. ^^.KuJ, id.,
card. num. ninety.
to yi, well ! so ! yes ! indeed ! good !
if a native does not quite
understand what is said he
will frequently reply to.
tofi ^Vy , to spit, to spew.
tofo ^yS, pi. to/uTia Ut^, leaf,
sprout; yin tofo to shoot forth
as plants, itatua 8u yi tofo the
trees sprout, itache ya tofu the
tree sprouts, tofu ^y^^yvn
tofo,
tcfi or towi ^ or toya ^yi, to
kindle, to' burn; FlU.
toka iS^yiy pi. tokuna U^^, ashes,
dust.
J
tokaraj^yi, to uphold, to support
as a pole supports a tent.
tokochi, a fee for bringing a pre-
sent; cf. tukuichi,
tok(k)o8 ^j»S3f u^9 card. num.
eight; the corresp. ordinal is
m. natokkos, fem. tcUokkos;
A 69, D 69, G 2 1. 10, 6 1. 13.
toma* jiyi or tomo* y^^^ to treat
proudly, e.g. irw, tomanaa I
speak haughtily to him; cf.
foma^ id.
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\^
tomashi* ^ji^yi, winning favour,
e.g. ya yi tomcuhi all men like
him, he is popular.
tombo y^, a scar or scab which
has healed up ; c£. taboy tuhho,
tomo, see totna,
tona Oy^i ^ chew, to masticate =
tsuk(k)e,
tona \jyS and tone ^^y, 1. to pull
out, tear out, scrape up, e.g.
roots; hence 2. to lay open,
D 63 rana chan ctkuntona lo-
lohi aavri on that day the
secret place shall be laid open;
to take off garments tone tvr
fafi) 3. to stir up, e.g. a fire;
na tone kurdi I rake up cow-
ries towards me; fig. tona
fadda to pick a quarrel.
Ar. j^, bull, large male of
any animal; toron gitva or
simply toro bull elephant, so
toron zaki male lion.
toroso y^^i dung of horses, etc. =
koBhi,
toshi* ufy> a bribe.
toto yiyi, tautau yiyiy Kanuri id.
(in Ar. jtj.^), 1. a dry scale, a
lichen, dandruff; 2. spider.
tow(w)i, to lessen; cf. tatuaya.
totoi, to burn ; cf. t&i,
toya ^y, i.q. prec. ; see tovl,
tozali ^Jyj antimony, used for
rubbing on the eyebrows; tan-
dun tozali a small skin bottle
for holding antimony ; cf . koUi.
tozo jj>?, the hump on a bull,
camel, etc.
tozo*^^y)y i^y, a turn on the bridge
Alsirat; F 146 sirati mun ji
tozo nai bokkoi ne the bridge,
we understand, has seven
turns; cf. F U9.
tadha i^l^ or t8al{l)a* Slfc, 1. a
lump, a mass; 2. that which is
pure » that and nothing else,
e.g. tsaban kurdi simply cow-
ries, i.e. nothing but cowries;
tsaba/n haai beaten out corn;
cf . tsalka.
tsa^ore \^jy^ or zahore ^jyij,
reeds such as are used for
making doors, etc.; cf (?) ^a-
bora,
taachi ^^^ or zache ^^^, to think,
suppose, meditate; B 14 guba
shina tsachi alkaki che he would
think that a poisonous plant
was wheat, B 120. maizache
^ ^ ' «fr », meditating; cf. tsetto,
tsada t^Ut, dearness, expensive-
ness ; da tsada dear, expensive,
yin teada to be costly.
tsada !>U», 1. a bush with red
edible fruit bitter as a lemon,
wild apricot (?); 2. a small
bird like the baiwan aUah,
which frequents the guinea-
corn plantations.
tsada t jik or ruan tsada the river
Benu6 which joins the R. Niger
at Lokoja. (Lake) Chad from
the neighbourhood of which
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the Tsada flows is a dbrruptiou
of this word.
t8ad{d)eri ^jJj^, bad, rotten, used
of com that has been kept too
long and has become useless.
Uafi ^U», pi. taafuna luJ^ or
tsafafuka UCaaj9, idol; A 59
wa/nan da ke Uafi shina raba
Iia)ikula the man who gave half
his attention to the worship
of idols.
tsa^a kh or chage icAj, 1. to tear,
split, reud; 2. Uj9, a split.
tsa^i tJti^f a half torn off.
tsatsaga iUsJ^, 1. to tear to
pieces ; 2. to beat down loose
earth, etc.; cf. chachagi, tsa-
tsagawa t^UL, a ramrod.
tsaga £u>, 1. to drop down, to let
drop; 2. to bleed. t8agia\^\j9f
sickness Qrccompanied by bleed-
ing; cf. mataatsaka a leech.
tsagagi ^itw, a water goose with
white breast.
t8ag{g)e ^yU9, a fish, 18 in. long,
with large, sharp teeth.
tsagiy a half torn off; cf. Uaga,
tsagitty a sickness ; cf . tsaga.
tsahiri ^jM^, Ar. JaU?, adv. or
adj. clear, manifest; A 62 saiko
da huja wanda ke ga tsahiri
unless there be some obvious
excuse; A 65 loto ya shtule
tsahiri the time is obviously
past.
tsaida, to lift up ; cf . tsayi.
tsaido ^J^, a thorny herb with
small leaves, eaten by camels.
tsaijewa 1^*%^, tsaitsewa SyJig^
or chechewa ]y*i^, a swallow.
• •
tsaiko^x^j 1. a roof; 2. to dawdle;
yin tsaiko, id.
tsainya \kfJ»j9 or tsania Kffij^, a
small species of cricket.
tsadshe, to cause to stand still ; cf .
tsayi,
tsaitsBf intens. form from tsayij
q.v., to prevent, to anticipate
one.
tsaitseiva^ a swallow; cf. tsaijewa.
tsaitua \y^, plaited grass, palni
leaves, straw, fibre, from which
are made 1. ropes, 2. a medi-
cine, 3. a curtain to hang down
in front of a doorway.
tsaiye i^f to hide.
tsaiyi, to stand, etc. ; cf . tsayi.
tsaka UlL, a very small venomous
lizard; if swallowed in water
it kills a man.
tsak(k)a ^ or Ui, cf. Fulah
jakkay midst, middle, tsakan
rana south, noon ; between,
within, A 23 dnche su kintsa
tsakka giddansu it has been
said that men should gather
within the house. tsak{k)ia
ifg^Li^f 1. the midst, centre;
2. a woman's girdle made of
beads = kwot{t)ana. t8ak(k)ani
or zakani* ^UJI?, between,
betwixt; from this, in the sense
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233
WJ*
of separating^ comestsakdnkani
^UuCfe, differences.
i9ak{k)am^ tsakankani, see prec.
taakara j£^ or tsakura ^^, to
pinch, then to take a pinch of,
i.e. a very little of = guzura.
t8ak{k)i iSi»i husks from wheat
or guinea-corn.
taaki ^J^, to refuse contemptu-
ously with a noise made with
the lips.
t8ak(k)ia, midst, the centre, a
woman *s girdle; cf. t8ak{k)a.
tsako ^^Lb, tdako ^^LfJ^ or
chiako* 3^1 ifl *, darUsako or
danchiako* a chicken, yantsako
pi. chicken.
taakua Sy^y little stones, gravel.
tsakura, to pinch ; cf . tsaka/ra,
t8al{l)a^1ie, to jump, to run away ;
cf. t8al{l)i.
t8al{l)eta UUJb, a small money-bag
made of skin or cloth.
taali 15^9 (cf. Ar. ^^JL^, to roast),
to scald with hot water, e.g.
the hand.
tsdUPji iJ^ or t8uHl)i ^^i^t to
jump, to dance, yin tsalli, id.
t8al(l)ache iJ^ or sallachi*
iJiX^, to jump, to run away.
tsalimchi, see seq.
tsalimi jjldo or tsalumi j^\io (cf.
Av, j^Joj to oppress, ^,^XJi», to
be wronged, J^, fraud, ^li»,
unjust), avarice, deceitfulness,
grasping disposition; tsalumchi
j^^U^, taalimchi j^^ijCb, A
50; tsalimshi* ^^/i^^i^, F 13,
or tsalimchi ^J^U^, deceit;
maitsalumchi a deceitful or
grasping person; yin tscUum-
chi to be avaricious or im-
portunate, or to treat deceit-
fully; da tsalimchi deceitfully,
A 50 sarki da ke kwache da
tsalimchi duka the king who
seized everything by deceit.
tsuldm^ j^*j^f B 109 note,
injustice, tsvlumi D 80 (?),
unjust; cf. (1) ziUumi doubt.
The form tsalimi is perhaps
more frequently used as an
adjective, and tsalumi as a
noun.
tsalimshi*, see prec.
tsalka UIU9 or tsatsalka UuLlaJ»,
purification ; adj. pure, un-
mixed ; also of ceremonial
purification, washed; cf. tsar-
ki, tsdba,
tsalumchi, see seq.
tsalumi, deceitfulness ; cf . tsalimi,
tsami ^j0Aj9, sourness, acidity;
da tsami sour, shina da tsami
it is bitter, e.g. of a lemon.
tsamia 1^U9, acidity, sourness,
da tsamia = sour; the acid
pulp of tamarind used as yeast,
leaven; cf. seq.
tsamia C^, 1. tamarind tree;
its fruit is sometimes cooked
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mfwra ; 2. a sort of silkworm,
cf . riga tsamia a cloak worked
with silk from this silkworm.
tsamki ^f tW or tsumki ^y%m,
to pinch, squeeze, to strike a
blow.
tsana* UU9, ^U», the skin of a
snake = aeiba,
Uan{n)an* v>J^, Ar. ^>b, doubt,
concealment; C 19 ta kori
taannan nan she drives away
all that uncertainty (as to who
she is).
tsandni jvUt, torment, violence,
oMn taananiy id.; rnmtsanani
a violent person. tsa/nanta
Ci%^JU», to torment, molest,
trouble ; jin tsananta to suffer
torment; cf. taane.
tsandauri* \Sj3^^f very hard
earth or soil.
tsane 15^) tsani lyJ^) tsanache
iJ^, to oppress, torment;
cf. tsandni,
tsani* ^yi^, ladder, staircase.
tsaniay the name of an insect ; cf .
tsainya,
tsantsani ^;k?lr», to loathe, to
despise, to reject as something
bad, yin ts€mtsan% id.; cf. seq.
tsantsanta UUsUi?, 1. terror;
2. to fear.
isapta UaJ^, 1. the washing of the
hair, garments, etc., cleanli-
ness; 2. to clean, wash thor-
oughly.
234
iSj^
tsara jMf tsari ^^, tsare ^ji^t
tsaro^jJ9, tsarima* ^jm, 1. to
guard, protect, guard against,
watch, ward off ; 041 ka tsara
utoa/na(n) do Thou guard my
mother. Pass, akatsaraj 42
dkatsara da aluma muhamMnor
da guard the people of Mo-
hammed ; C 41 aJcatsa/r da
dengimu guard my relations;
C 40 ^ tsarima dan hawanka
Thou guardest the son of Thy
slave; 2. used as a noun, ka
nema tsari = take heed against.
tsara \jj9, friend, companion of
same age ; cf. tsaranchi,
tsaraha* l^^ (cf . Ar. w,*p» iv, to
give), a present.
tsarafi* w,*p» (Ar. s*^, to be
skilled or versed in), skill,
opportunity; ina da tsa/rafi =
na samu dama I have oppor-
tunity to, am ready to, know
how to do anything.
tsaranchi %t»Jji9y 1. companionship,
usually in evil sense; 2. adul-
tery; cf. tsa/ra,
tsarari* ^x^> * little, e.g. yin
kwana tsarari to sleep a little,
mutane sun zo tsarari the men
came a few at a time.
tsarchi* and tsa/rshi, abstr. n. fr.
tsoro, q.v., to fear, B 139, E 12.
tsare \Jj^f an animal, probably
a species of iguana; it fre-
quents water.
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t«a
isan {JjJ9, Ar. ^*tO>0) P^^re, clear;
clean, used of wheat.
tsa^i* ^jJ», to stay at home =
tahheta a gida, A 23.
tscMTiy to guard ; ef . taetra.
tsarikake, see seq.
Uariki ^^^ and toar^ ^^&>jj»
(cf. t8alka\ adj. holy, pure;
then as noun tsarki = purity,
esp. ceremonial purity, e.g.
A 56, 68. t8ar{i)kaka iL^>^
or taarkaka ^iX^ji^ or Uarkaki
^SSs^y 1. to purify, sanctify,
e.g. E 30 inu Uarkaka zuahi-
anmu {zuchiamu) we cleanse
our hearts; hence 2. D 81*
(charkaka) to worship, reve-
rence. toar(t)A^A;e ^^v ^ b,
fem. tsarkakia \f^!^jMf pL
tsarkaku 3V ^V, sanctified,
holy. These forms are usually
pronounced as though they
began with J9 fe, but written
with initial 3 cA ; cf. charkaka.
Possibly they are connected
with the Ar. 9m^j^ ; cf . taari,
tsarima, to guard; cf. tsari.
tsarki, holy; cf. tsariki,
tsarkia lli)i» (cf. Ar. rt u^), 1. a
string of a musical instrument;
2. bowstring ; cf. azirka.
tsarOf to watch, guard; cf. tsari,
tsarsha* JSsjUy apparently a form
of tsara to guard or of tsira
to save; C 1 domin ka tsar-
shani ga zanba dunia that
Thou wouldest save me from
the evil of the world.
tsarshi* to fear ; cf . tsoro, id.
tsaso ^li» (cf. (?) Ar. >e^), 1<hus ;
cf. (?) tsotso,
tsatsa UaJy, dross; f/in tsa^tsa = 1. to
have dross mixed with it; 2. to
rust.
tsatsa/a UkJ?, 1. a massa or cake
made of oil, honey, and rice or
wheat flour; 2. light rain.
tsatsaga, 1. to tear to pieces; 2. to
beat down, as of loose earth;
cf . tsaga,
tsatsagawa, a ramrod; cf. tsaga,
tsatsagi* ^J^iJ», the name of a
small trea
tsauni i^y^i a. mountain or hill
larger than ttidu,
tsauri* {Jj_^, strong; apparently
another form of tauri,
tsauria ^jy», white specks in the
eyes of a blind man; cf. hakia,
tsausld* LK^y^i ^ cleave to (?);
D 31 pass. OMatsattshi cleave
to it, lit let it be cleaved to ;
cf. taushe,
tsawa, length; cf. tsai/i,
tsawa t^liy, roar of thunder, thun-
der; B 139 ku tsarchi wolkia
tsawa you fear the lightning
and the roar of the thunder.
tsawa ^Ib, to roar, cry loudly,
used of dogs F 184; also, to
rebuke, scold, drive away, order
to go; yin tsatva, id. tsatou-
tawa IjU^li, F 186, used of
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V>
fire, to roar; F 188, used of
men, to cry out.
tsauxj/tita, length ; see tsayi,
tsawa/rwctra \)^j^i a large bush
cat or small leopard.
tsawo, taa/uxnta^ see taa/yi,
taaya, to stand ; cf . taayi.
taayeada^ to detain ; cf . tsayi,
taayi or taaiyi ^J» or tsai i-fc,
length ; da tsaiyi having length,
long, taawa \^ (chawa* Syi,
F 120), tsawo 3^, length,
depth, height, tallness, length
of time ; tsawa/n zarna long
continuance, B 49. taawoita
U^^, it continued long, F 120.
da tsatoo = da tsaiyi, tsawo
^yJ^, to prolong, tsawanta
Uj>^, length, continuance.
tsayi icfJ^, tsaya ^k or tsai ^J^,
1. to stand, stand up; na tsaya
daidaif I stand upright ; 2. to
stop, to come to an end, e.g.
ya tsaya it is finished; 3. to
fall in with, meet with; ya
tsaya da biri he fell in with a
monkey; used with ga, ni na
tsaya ga litaji nan I lit upon
this book, tsaida j^, to lift
up, to detain; F 92 atsaida
saffu a line (of men) is made
to stand up, i.e. is formed,
F 188 malaiku su tsaida zttgor
zuganta the angels will lift up
the bellows, tsaitse ^Jajo, to
go in front of, to anticipate;
na tsaitseshi I got before him.
tsaishe ^^JL^^Jy, to make or
cause to stand still, to stop.
t-sa/yesda jumjJv, to detain by
force.
tse*y fern, substantive verb = cAe,
19.
tse/e iA^i to pull grains one by
one from a stalk, to pull out a
hair.
tsegia i^^iJ^, 1. hair of the tail of
a horse, elephant, etc. ; 2. neck-
band made of such hair.
tsek(k)i i5»j rough flour from
wheat, guinea-corn, etc.; da
tsekki = roughly (ground) ; cf .
tsok{k)tia.
tseko yCJ9, a room built of mud
and thatched with reeds.
tsereria \^j^y a red, edible bean.
. •• '* '••^
tsertj^f Ar.j^, a, foot or horse
.» •
race. ^Jlj^, to outrun.
tserttia SyJjJ^i to spit out water
from the mouth ; cf. teddas,
tseta/rewa* Syiji^M = ketarewa (?),
crossing; cf. F 215 note.
t8et{t)o, tsat{t)o or zet{t)o* ^,
C*» ]», 1. doubt, uncertain
thought; 2. to think, to sup-
pose; B 103 kana tsetto fa-
dawa thou thinkest that it will
set; cf. tsachi,
tsewa* \y(J9, likeness, like, e.g.
wanan tsewa da. tvanan this is
like that.
tsia l^ (cf. (?) Ar. rt {J^, to
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UJ^
suffer hunger), poverty, lack
of goods, maitaia L^k,^, a
poor person.
tsiakOf see taciko,
tsiayi t^tft^i ^ scatter, pour out.
tsibara*^ to roll up; cf. chibara,
tsibi i«J9 or svhi t^^, a large col-
lection of anything, much.
t8ik(k)a ^y UCU, a form of chikka
to fill, to fulfil, e.g. C 22 en to
yi alkaueli da kai fa ha tan
tsikcbshi ha if she make an
agreement with thee, she will
not fulfil it.
tdko y^, pi. tdkuna UU^, pin,
spike for making holes in skin,
etc.; i.q. siko, q.v.
tdna 0^> tsinche ^Jii», tsunche
_^ and tsinta tUb, to pick
up, to pick out pieces of dirt
from cotton, etc. tsintua t^JUb
or dntua* SyJ^, picking up;
yin tsintiian chiatoa to weed;
cf. taiiii, tsintsiya LfJaJiU,
brush ; cf . (?) zv/nteia,
tsinche, see prec.
tsini ^^jifti^ or zini ^^i^, sharp,
pointed; da tsini, id.; cf. tsitia,
tsinkaia (f^^, to see from afar,
as in war.
tsinki ^^/^ or zinke ^Jkjj, pi.
tsinkai ^^^ or «inA:a Ixij,
1. a small piece of chaff; 2. an
iron nail or spike; cf. tsiko.
tsinki ^yCit, tsunke ^^^vJ», tsinko
y^j to pluck, e.g. fruit from
a tree.
tsinko, see prec.
^^Tito, see tsina,
tsintsiya, broom, brush; cf. tsina,
tsintua, see tsina,
tsira j^ or tsiro ^j^ or tsoro*
^j^, to spring up out of the
ground, used of seeds, etc. ;
A77 ya ke tsira it grows up.
tsira Sjt^^, deliverance, salva-
tion, e.g. F 52 muna yi muna
addua amiisami tsira we offer
prayers, may we obtain salva-
tion. tsira j^fJ^, 1. to be
saved; ^ 6 ha shi tsira he
shall not be saved; 2. B 18 ya
tsira he saves; a degraded form
sar occurs F 125 n. ha ni iko
sar da kowa I have no power
to save anyone; tsiraro deliver-
ance; cf. under chiraro safety,
deliverance. [All the above
forms are usually pronounced
as though they began with k ts,
but spelt as though they began
with i ch; see under chira,]
tsirara tj|p», naked ; A 81 kowa
tsirara za yi tashi everyone
shall rise naked; cf. chirara^
id.
tsiraro, deliverance; see chiraro,
tsire {JljiJ^t to run away; B 25
shi do guda gtida ta tsire mai
let him try to take one, the
other flees away from him;
pass, atsira, B 143 ^ dai atsira
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iun ha akoma ha flee thou then
until there be no return.
tsi/rka* J^ = dirka, cf . Ar. uiji,
to beat; F 187 suna tsirkar
jama^a alkafirawa they shall
beat all the heathen.
tsiwa t^ or Uewa t^, insolent,
impertinent, maitsiwa, pi. ma-
sutsiwa, id. ; na yi tsetoa = na
yifuahi I was angry, enraged.
tao* ^ = zo,lD 88 ha ka tao da au
ha thou wilt not bring them
with thee; cf. taiui,
taofa ^^ and Uofe ^^ (cf. (?)
Ar. Ui0 IV, to be exhausted,
to become effete), to grow old;
B 91 dunia ta taofe komi ya
taofa.., the world grows old;
whatever grows old.... tmfa
^> (^>^, C 7), 1. old age;
2. to grow old ; C 7 dada mun
taufa wait till we grow old,
yin taufa to grow old. taofo
34^, fern. taofvAi \^^, pi.
^ofi u?>^ or Uofofi Jty.^,
old; A 14 dunia nan taofua
che this world is old, E 36.
taohor* Jyfc, the call to prayer
about 3 p.m. = azuhv/r^ q.v.
taokachi ^^^Ss^h, often written
^y^j^ chokachi, but always
pronounced taokachi I. to look
at attentively, to consider;
2. attentive gaze; A 77 ya yi
taoka>chi da achi akaaa da ya ke
taira let him consider how the
grows up. mataokachi^t^^^
or nuzaoka^hi -if^^j^n^t, looking-
grain that is in the ground taorahi*. to f^ar; cf. taoro.
taokami 0^>^i to stir up strife,
e.g. na taokana yaki I provoke
to battle.
taok{k)tui t^xib, very small stones;
cf. taek(k)i.
taololo* y^lL, very tall, applied to
men, trees, etc.
taoma or zoma* J^L, ^^L, to
dip, immerse.
taorata, to frighten; cf. taoro.
taorchi*, to fear; see seq.
taoro ^j^h, Ar. j^i, 1. fear, terror;
2. to fear; jin taoro, id.,
hada taoro to cause fear, to
frighten; cf. B 84, 161, 26,
F 22 ; other less correct forms
are c?ioro* ^jyi, D S ku
ji choro ; zoro* ^j^, D 43 ;
also the following secondary
forms: taorchi* ^3;i, C 24;
taorahi* ,jAji, F 6, 9, 23; taar-
chi* S^, B 139; taarahi*
fjijk, E 12; cf. F 6 note. Cau-
sal taorata Cfjy», to frighten.
taoro* ^jy»i to spring up, used of
seeds, plants, etc. = taira, q.v.
taoro ^j^y pi. taorayi ^jyi^,
1. the comb of a cock; 2. a
small entrance porch opening
into a larger one; cf. (?) zaure;
3. storey, i.e. room above room.
Digitized by
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tsosa ^^i^ and taotsa Jv^, to
suck, to absorb as cloth does
water, to kiss; probably the
same root as seq.
tsotae ^i^^ and tsotsi ^^^t to
wither, dry up as water; hence
to destroy; C 5 ya taotsi kai
nasa he destroys himself.
tsotso ^^i^, backbone; cf. (?)
taaso.
t8ua* \^, to come; i.q. zua, q.v.
tmb{h)u ^^, 3iJ» (Ar. ^^, medi-
cine, magic, incantation), to
write charms; maitsuhhu a
writer of charms.
ieufa, to grow old ; cf . taofo,
tauguna \^jJu0 or tsttgun ^^>m
(C 12), to stoop, to incline the
head, to squat down on the
ground.
tsuke* ^£»^ (cf. Ar. vJ>^,
anything that surrounds an-
other thing, a rope for ascend-
ing a palm-tree), to bind fast.
t8uk(k)e iJ^9 to chew, masticate.
t8uk{k)u ^^y gnashing; tsuk-
(k)un hakkora gnashing of
teeth.
tstUa ^^, a small monkey with
reddish skin; probably derived
from t8ul{l)i to jump ; cf. simi-
lar derivation of hiri,
tsuldma^ B 109 ta dcm taiUama it
is the child of wrong ; cf . tsa-
limi,
Uul{l)i, to jump, dance; cf. tBal{l)i,
t9tdumi, unjust; cf. tsalimi.
239
V35
tsuma U^, pi. tsii/moki ^^y^^,
gusset.
tauma*, pi. tsumoki*^ rags; cf.
sum{m)a,
Uumanjia* ijini.iioh, a branch of a
tree.
Uumi i^^ or tsume t^y^, to
preserve fruit in syrup with
honey or water so as to form a
medicine to be kept for use.
taunchcy to pick up ; cf. tsinta.
tmnjia [^^Ih^ a large hole or pit
for storing corn.
tsunkcy to pluck off; cf. tsinki,
tsuntsua UJm» or ^nzv,a* UJui,
pi. tsurUsaye ^j^kA, a bird.
tsurfa l^jji, work, profession; cf.
(?) tsarafi,
tsurwri ^j^jy^ (cf. (?) Ar.^, to
carry off), to search diligently
for, toil for; B 157 tsururin
da ya fi ga mailura search
diligently for that which excels
in the eyes of the diligent man.
tsutaa U^^, a small moth which
bites men; it eats ants; its
caterpillar is brown; cf. (?)
chocha.
tsuwa \^j grunting as a pig,
barking; yin tsuwa to ciy out.
D 16 8hina tauwa he cries out^
tuba v>^> '^^' V^j ^ repent,
A 49, 50, 52, 53, B 39, D21;
pass, atuba let repentance be
made = repent! ag. D 10 atvha
Jiakika ahoki my friend, repent
truly, titha Qy^, repentance;
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{£3
A 53 kam hahu tuba ha go-
mashi da kafiri if there be no
repentance you will keep com-
pany with the heathen, yin
tuba to repent, pass. D 11, 19,
20. maituba Ify^t pl* ^ncMU-
tuba one who repents, D 12, 18.
tubali tJ^^, a ball or brick made
of mud yimbu ; i/in tvhali to
make bricks.
tubani ij^y^t beans ground up
and cooked in water.
tubbas Jl^ (cf. (?) Ar. rt C^),
surely, certainly = AoAriA^a.
tvhbo yd (cf. (?) Ar. ^, to cut
away, amputate), a healed up
scar on the skin ; cf . tahOf tombo,
tube !jiyiy to take off, used of
garments, etc.
tvhka «d^, also tufka and tupka
«^U3 (cf. Ar. sX^ ii), to plait,
twist, braid, e.g. muna tubka
igia we are making rope.
tuda 3p or tude ^3>3, to run
over, e.g. inia nan ya/na tuda
this water is running over.
tvdas sj^iyi, to pour over, to
spill ; cf . teddas,
tudas, see prec.
tudu yjJ, pL ttcdodi {J^^jJ, Ar.
^^, mountain, mound, hill,
any low elevation or rising
ground; B127, 151 shi wonda
he tudu he who is on a hill.
tufa l|y or tufua \^^-, pi. tufaji
^y^i shirt, worn under or in-
stead of the large flowing gown
(riga), the plural and some-
times the singular is used for
clothes generally; C 35 miko
tufa ka bida ga dakin dunia
thou must seek for nothing in
this world but clothing.
tvfania ^i^yiy a mat let down in
front of a doorway; cf. arsor-
beri,
tufka^ to plait ; cf . tvhka.
tufua^ see tufa,
^ » » ^ J ^
tugua tyt?, tagua t^u, q.v., pL
^ J J
tuguna Uik5, a shirt like a tobe
{riga) but smaller with short
sleeves ; cf. (?) ta^)o.
^ J J
tugua tyt?, to shake, e.g. milk in
a calabash in order to make
butter; cf. seq.
^ J J ^ J ^
tugua tyi3 or tagua tyU, heavy
rain; ya yi tugua it is tem-
pestuous.
tuguat {^^, tuguaye ^\^ or
i ^ J ^
tagv^aye ^t^u, twins.
tug{g)ula*, copper girdle; cf. ta-
gvla,
tuji j^5»->3, a large black bird, a
species of raven.
tuka {x3, to push ; tuka jirigi to
paddle a canoe, n%atuki a pad-
dle used as a rudder, apparently
a shortened form of tunkude^
q.v., tukauja pushing, paddling.
tuke* a shortened form of turike,
q.v.
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W
tuku ^^^ or tuhuwa \^^yi (cf .
(?) Ar. u^ll»y to make arched or
vaulted), a tuft of hair on the
head, the top to a dish- cover
made of plaited grass.
tuhaichi ^t^^t takichi %t<Sii or
tokochi ^tJb, the fee paid to
the bearer of a present from a
king, etc. It varies from about
5 to 10 p. c. of the value of the
present.
tukumya, see tukunia.
tukun ^J^, tuhun{n)a U5&, first,
at first, before, since, not as
yet, used in affirmative and
negative sense, as is also the
secondary form tukunche ^JjSj,
A 73 ima tukunche dqfari ahor
chi fatiha but thou must not
eat before saying the opening
chapter of the Koran.
tukunia l^, l^ (D 65), pi.
iJ>\Sj (F 94), also pronounced
tukwcme and tukua/ne (at A 84
is found a sing. coll. tukumya
1,5^X5), an earthen or iron pot,
pitcher, vessel ; tukunian taha
tobacco pipe, maitukunia, pi.
mcLsutukuniaf a potter.
tukwnva t^jiu, a palm; the intoxi-
cating drink ham is obtained
from incisions in its bark, its
stalks which somewhat resem-
ble bamboo are esp. used as
poles for supporting the thatch
of a roof.
tukuwa^ a tuft of hair ; cf . tuku.
tulawa* t^Jb (cf. Ar. ^, to read
the Koran), saying by rote;
yin tulawa to say off by heart,
e.g. the Koran.
tuU% a heap ; cf. tiUi,
tutu yy{, pi. tulina LJ3J, water-
pot, bottle, pitcher, e.g. A 26
kan ha ka ya/ro za ya dau tutu
nata if thou hast not a boy to
take her pitcher.
tululuy abundance ; cf . tilli.
tuma LoJ, to jump (=tsuili)y tuma
da muma to jump with joy,
to start, of horses to be restive;
tuma da ga/ya a name given to
\kiQ chinaka ant.
tum^aki, sheep ; cf . tumkia.
tumha/r j^y a naked person.
tumhi i^J^y ^jf^i pi. tunihuna
U^, U^, stomach, pouch;
maitumbi a fat man.
tumbudi ^JUa?, to vomit, tumr
hudu jJuJJ, to flow quickly;
'Tua ya tumhudu the river flows
fast.
tumhuA*kuma Iq^.;*?, the large
intestine.
tumfajia lt., a i» 3 , pi. tumfafi ^^m^,
asclepias gigantea (?), a large
tree from the bark of which
ropes are made; a medicine
for women is made from its
blossoms ; cf. (?) hamhana.
tumia ifg^ or tinia t^^, 1. a large
bush with a milky juice, from
which is made poison for ar-
rows; 2. a very deep well.
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tumfda ()>£«? or dutnkia t«£«>, pi.
tumaki ^JSdX^, sheep.
tumserij syphilis; cf. timjere,
^i ...
^wmw ^lOiJ, ears of unnpe giero or
wheat cooked for eating.
tumuku ^y^, an edible root
somewhat resembling a yam.
tun ^j3, also with e;^, tunda jJJf
as far as, till, e.g. ^t^Tida «q/*e
till morning ; while, e.g. ^t&nda
8u>na yin magaifia while they
were speaking; from, since, e.g.
tun haifuanka since your birth.
tuntuni ^c*mU3, long ago. ^wn-
<:^^^ ^^J^y tundadewa t^J^ jUJ,
long since, tunyauahe ^^yt^,
how longi how long since?
tunda with negatives = before,
e.g. tunda ha shi tsira ba =
before it springs up, C 6 ttm
bai mutu even before he is
dead.
tuna ^jjy Uj, frequently constr.
with da or ga, 1. to think of,
pay attention to, e.g. B 54
kana tuna abin da ka ke tsoro
meditate on that of which you
•are afraid; 2. to remember, to
come to remember; tunane,
fern, tunana^^l. tunam/u, particip.
forms, what is contrived or
thought of, then as n. thought,
reflection, meditation, con-
sciousness, remembrance ; tu-
nawa a form used as pres.
tense of tuna, also as n. re-
membrance, recollection.
tunane, see prec.
tunari* {Jj^J, leader, chief.
tunauxi, see tuna,
tunda, see tun,
tundade, tundadetva, for a long
time; cf. tun.
tundewa, to lick the hand; cf.
tandewa.
tungujx ijtf^JLiJ or tunkui ^^S^,
to gore, toss; cf. (?) tunkuda,
tunku ^j3, 1. a covering of skins;
2. a small malodorous panther.
tunkuda jXjJ, to push aside, to
butt, toss, gore ; used with
jirigi to paddle ; cf . tuka, tun-
kushe, zonkutsa.
tunkui, see tunguji,
tunkushe ^^t>C;j, to close the fist,
bend the leg, etc. ; cf . tunkuda,
tu/nsure ^j^^JJ, to be upset, trip,
stumble.
tuntuni*, long ago ; cf . tun,
tunyavaJie, how long? cf. tu/n.
^ JJ6J
tunzurua Uj>^, panic, fright.
tuo yyi, yi, food, victuals, esp.
applied to a mixture made
with guinea-corn, oil, etc.; tu-
on sv/na a meal in connection
with the naming of a child,
which usually takes place seven
days after its birth, tuon ranan
saltan laiya the meal on the
day of the Mohammadan feast
corresponding to the passover.
tupka, to plait ; cf . tuhka,
tv/ra \jyi, a swelling on the back
of horses, etc.
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tura jy», \jyiy and twn ^>», to
dye; yin turiy id. tura/re
^jj^i fcHi. ^rara tj^y^, pi.
turaru ^jjy^j dyed, coloured.
turabaH* ^\jJ (Ar. »^j v), yin
turabaH to squat down with
the legs crossed; C 12 note.
turaka ^jy^, a seat or the neigh-
bourhood of a king, a royal
reception ; yan turaka female
slave ; cf . enturaka, turaki
tj^j^j an officer at court,
usually a son of the king; for
order of precedence cf. fadatua,
turanchi %t^jyi^ what belongs or
appertains to Arabs or whites
in general, the Arabic lan-
guage; cf. ture.
turare ^^j|p, frankincense, F 1 03 ;
obtained from the civet cat;
cf. mag(g)i,
tvrare, dyed ; cf . tura,
turayi* t^jjlp, a log of wood such
as is fastened to the feet of a
slave as a punishment.
turhaia* K^jJ (cf. Ar. ^y^ earth,
dust), fine sand.
turde ^3p, butter = main ahanu,
turdi ^>p, pi. turdawa S^j^ or
tv/rdodi {^^^j^, a man who
charms snakes by singing =
gardi.
tv/re ^jy>i !• to push down, push
along ; 2. to fall down.
ture ^jyi, cf • ha-ture Arab, Euro-
1. turatoa
pean, stranger ; pi.
bjy' [(?) fr. Ar. ,^^^, wild,
a stranger, rtj^]; cf. tura/n-
chi,
turgude* {^j^jJ, to be lame, to
suffer from a disease of any of
the joints, e.g. of the fingers.
turgunwa \y^j2 or turgunuwa
t^A^, an edible herb, its leaves
are used in making soup.
turi and yin turi, to dye; cf. tura,
turike ^^£:>p.and tuke ^J^y, a
place where sheep or goats are
closed in for the night, also a
post for tying up horses, etc.
tvA'ko ^yt a trap for catching
wild animals made by covering
up a hole and placing ropes
inside = hako,
turkudi ^^^jj^ a blue shiny
cloth of native manufacture,
used esp. by women, made up in
lengths of eight cubits {kamu)
and dyed with indigo.
tu/muka liup, conflagration, the
smoke which accompanies such.
turuba \^j3, ^jj (B 132), pi. turur-
^obi ^^jfi (cf. Ar. vjj^>
narrow or divided path), path,
road, way ; metaph. B 132 shi
wonda ya bi turuba shaita/ni
he who follows the path of the
evil one.
I jjj
turubude ^^^j^, to shut up, to
fill up a hole, to place in the
ground, to bury in the earth
as locusts do their eggs.
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L^y
turumi ij^t P^- turami ^j^^y^
a mortar made by scooping out
a log, used for pounding rice,
wheat, etc. in ; maiturumi a
maker of mortars.
tu/rumi j^^, a measure for cloth
about 22 yards in length;
8 kamu = 1 zanncy 4 J zanne =
1 librumi,
tururua l^jip, both sing, and coll.,
a black stinging ant. They
only eat what is alive, and
often attack men, driving them
out of their houses.
^ 3
tuaa^ ^^, to break wind.
* 3 3 3
1nA8{s)a yjmj or tv^o yJi, to repeat.
tiLsga uLmJ or itbage ^jkmJ, to enter,
to go as far as; *F 156, 164,
183.
tuahe tJ^yi, to rub or grind com ;
cf. tavshe, tvshia ^^^, 1. the
stubble of guinea-corn, wheat,
etc. ; 2. a pod.
tushi ^jtty, the root of a tree, the
foundation of a wall, then fig.
= meaning ; cf . similar use of
guztu
tushia, see tushe,
tuaki ^SLJ or tv^ke ^JLJ, to seek
for, try to find, long for, the
pass. cUuski ^^CmJI is used as a
common form of salutation =
much sought after.
3 3 3 3
tusuH* **,J, Ar. %mJy id., fract.
numeral, one-ninth.
tuta Uy» or ttUi lP>^, pi' tutoshi
^^y^y^, flag, standard of a
king, umbrella ; E 13 idem cm-
fida tutoshi jahadi if the stan-
dards of war be unfurled, D 68
6a enmui sai enda tiUi mur
liammad there shall be no shade
except where the shelter of
Mohammed is.
tutu^ see seq.
J 33 »33
^ or tutur jJ5, also found
3 J 6 33
as tutu* C-3 B 61, tutuk* ««JU3
B 124, tutut* cJ3 B 109, F 69,
continually, for ever. [If tutvl
be the original form, it may =
Ar. 3JL3 inf. vi.]
33
tutushi 1^*^, sweet, good to eat.
tututy see tutuL
^ 3
tuya ^yJ, 1. to cook without
water, to bake; 2. to light,
e.g. a lamp.
The sound of the English u or
rather of the Italian t« as re-
presented by 00 in *root' is
represented in Hausa by y± or
±; the first representation is
the more correct of the two,
the second form ± when it
occurs at the beginning of a
word may have as the bearer
of the vowel sound either alif I
or ain e ; thus uha i^ or l^t
father; the sound of the Eln-
glish tl or of w occurring in a
closed syllable is represented
by ly thus muna U« we, tmbrda
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245
l>*
j^ to twist. The representa-
tion of the o and u sounds are
so far identical that it is im-
possible to ascertain the sound
from a study of Hausa writing.
vha or oha K^, l^t, pi. ubane i^W^,
'iihamai jJl^^ (cf. (?) Ar. ^\\
1. father (A 60, B 21, 170,
C 41, D 97 exemplify the spell-
ing l^; B75, C41, F122 the
spelling 1^1) ; vhan uhaka B 75 =
thy grandfather; 2. leader,
master, e.g. uhan yaki the
leader of a fight; cf. seq.
• " ■* . ^"^
ubangiji «JU^, f»JU^t, F 6, lit.
father of the household, master,
proprietor, lord ; a title fre-
quently applied to God = the
Lord, e.g. B4, 67, 173, D 48,
E 2, 31 ; cf. uworigijia mistress.
u/u^^, ^^\, 1. scream, a loud or
sharp cry ; yin u/u to scream ;
2. to scream.
ujcda* ^^»i^ (cf . Ar. <i,i^,g a water-
wheel), a wheel.
uku A^, card. num. three ; A 58
achikkin giddan aljenna habu
mutun uku in heaven three
men will be wanting, G 2, 1. 14
ya sliekara uku chikki sarauta
zaria he lived three years in
the kingdom of Zaria. The
corresp. ordinal is m. naiiku^
f. taiiku, third; A 61 naiir
kunsu the third one of them;
adv. sau uku three times,
thrice.
.J .A
um{m)a* l^ and um{m)ata* OUt,
Ar. ^t, family, people, con-
gregation, found in C 42 with
the Ar. article, and the latter
form in E 3 ummatan muha-
madu the people of Mohammed.
umorni* tmh^^y Ar. ^!, yin urnwr-
ni to order, command.
ungo or ungwo jJUp, ja^I, take !
(?) a Bornuese word.
ungozuma UjjiU^, UjjJiit, mid-
wife.
ungua l^xJt, pi. ungual ^^iut,
in Sokoto unguni ^^>^t, a
suburb or division within the
walls of a town.
ungurnu^ armlets ; cf . kantva,
uri*y see louri,
urji*y a sore on the skin; cf.
kurii.
tisali* J^l, Jbol, Ar. Jbo!, origin,
race, ancestors.
U8hwr% jJL^y Ar. j^, fractional
numeral, one-tenth.
Uif8 ^\ or ush yJsS = aUah wa-
danka may God curse you; so
uska I
uwa !^, !j!, pi. uwaye \^i)y^y
^!j!, mother, A 60, B 26,
C 44, 45 ; the plural is used in
the sense of parents ; dan uvxjl^
pi. yan uwa^ lit. mother's son =
friend, dan uwata or dan uwa-
na = my friend ; cf. A 5, 47,
B 22, F 21. Also in various
I compound expr. : uuxd deffi
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poison put on arrows = tumiay
uwan magunguna the name of
a small tree from the root of
which is made a scent, used as
a medicine, uuxd rufi B 105
mother (i.e. source) of secret
evil, uwan rcma a foster mother
who finds a child deserted and
adopts it ; cf. seqq.
uw<dgid{d)a, see uworigid{d)a,
uwoAfOflra SjL^^, lit. mother of
children, the name given to an
evil spirit who kills the mother
and the new-born child at the
time of child-birth.
uworigid(d)a ^jJ^^ or uvxdgidda
tjjj^, chief wife or mistress
of the house ; cf . seq.
•^ "* "* i" ^^
uwongijia \t^ij^y le^^jt, mis-
tress or owner of slaves. This
and the preceding are really
feminine forms of ubomgiji.
The letter ^ is used by the Hausas
to represent the sound of the
English w. It is also used as
a vowel in forming the diph-
thong au (pronounced like ow
in * cow '), and in representing
the long and long w, e.g.
hauta \jy^ slavery, aahko yC»w
to set out, rude i^^^j to de-
ceive; cf. under w, p. 244.
wa !^, wane ^y tvanene t^^^f
fem. uxiche ^^, pi. siui \y^,
suanene ty^y^y interrog. pron.
who, which, what? [The word
wane was formed by adding
the substantive verb to the
original uxi; the form wa^ne
having become fully estab-
lished, a strengthened form
wanene was made by affixing
the substantive verb again; cf.
use of koway kouxme, kotvor
nene.] B 76 wa ya yi tasu
rujm 8'a/ra/rin audan what was
like unto them in the regions
of the Sudan ? su uxmetie who
are they ^ da ka da su wanene
who is there besides you? The
expression, what is his name?
is often rendered toa sunansa^
lit. who ? his name ? -ntva t^^^
at the end of a word = whose ?
danwa shi he whose son is he ?
wane is sometimes used as
an indef. pron. E 36 wane ka
ka zulumi whoever of you is
afraid.
wa* ^y Ar. and.
wa* y, like, like as ; F 144 ka/ramta
ta>8 toa gashi its path is like a
hair, F 154 wonsu kan ahutse
(ahude) wa iaka some would
pass like wind; cf. wani.
wwt l^, pi. yeyu ^, ^, elder
brother; cf. yaya (corresp.
terms : younger brother = kane^
elder sister = ya),
wa^y t^, to do, make, ya toa kanaa
kariji he strengthened himself,
ya wa alberka he blessed, wa
mugunta to curse ; cf . yiwo,
wa^adu* j^^, Ar. j^^, found in
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F 131 ^fnawa^adu ka hakka O
Thou who promisest that which
is true.
wa^atsi* ^Jsk^^, ^j^^y wa^atsu
^ikfi^, >^> often contracted
colloquially to wazi, wazu, Ar.
lo^^f id., 1. instruction, pro-
clamation; A 5, F 254, D 30
muna waatsi muna galkadi
gareku we tell you openly and
warn you ; 2. to warn, instruct.
waH ^^ (of. 0) Ar. ^^, to be
plague-stricken), miscarriage ;
dan vxihi a child which dies
soon after birth.
wachcma/aka ^^JJi^y a lengthened
form of seq. ; sometimes used
in sense of because, for that
reason.
toachs, fem. of wane ; see wa.
wache ^\^, {^^3 and waslie j^lj,
to spread, to scatter ; ¥ 9S su
tvashe shiu they scatter in
silence, pass, anwachesu aka-
wachesu they were scattered.
tuatsu y^y scattered. The
reduplicated and intensive form
waltooAihe yJ^S^^ = to scatter
far and wide, wache is pro-
bably derived from wasay q.v.
wada (^>l> b<> fena- wadania
ijj^t^, pi. wada/ai i^^bl^j cf*
Ar. rt \^^y dwarf.
wad{d)a !>^ (cf. (?) Ar. c^^, to de-
posit), treasure, wadata Ut>^
or wodata Ot^j, Ob> riches;
F 57, 59 sunka wodata... ha su-
kowa they had riches ... they
have none, yin wadata to be-
come rich, wadachi tr^hy
riches, rrwmjoadachi y^S^yt^
or maiwadata Ub^«.«, a rich
man.
toad{d)ari or wod{d)ari ^j>^, to
walk or ride, to walk up and
down as women do with thread
when weaving.
wade \^>^i to curse.
waga U-^ (cf. (?) Ar. •Uj, reposi-
tory, case, etc.), sack made of
skin, used for loading donkeyii,
camels, etc.
tpahaia l^^, concubine ; 45 shi
dan toahaia ne uwa tasa zai-
nahu he was the son of a con-
cubine, his mother's name was
Zainabu.
walial(l)aj trouble, A 64, 84; cf.
wohaliJ)a.
wdhami j^^^ (cf . Ar. j^^y and
>t*.^, morbid appetite or de-
sire), madness, frenzy.
wahidi* J^»>tj, Ar. J^»>tj, id., one;
B 3 jabharu tuahidi sa/rki oMah
God the one all-powerful king.
tjoai ^^j Ar. id., 1. alas! woe! cf.
seq.; 2. as an expression of
doubt or uncertainty; wai ya
che = I do not understand what
he says ; 3. it is said that, on
the assumption that; F 30
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L5^^
kana kumhuraioa toai ka fi
kovoa thou art proud because
it is said Thou excellest all,
F 29 ; 4. it is said, or he says,
e.g. B 111 wai dukia he says
(that he desires) its goods ; cf .
toaya words.
wainia it^L;^, alas ! perhaps = toai
nia woe is me!
waiwaia ^^^y to care for, to seek
after; C 46, 51 ha waiwaia ha
hale ski dvha tadunia he sought
not for the things of this world,
much less did he fix his atten-
tion upon them; cf. (?) woi-
woiya,
wajib ^,-<a^t^ or wajihi k^f.*m^\^, Ar.
s,f^^^y necessary ; A 20 wajih
mu dau Iiaiasuwe ought to take
their road, A 68 tsarki ga mai-
salla ku san wajib ya ke purity
is necessary, as thou knowest,
for one who prays ; hence wor
jibine na taffi = na taffi tilas
I was forced to go. wajaha
y toajahu v'N^^ or vxtjiba
^, to be necessary, ought ;
A 63 rana nan ka wajaha
taimamia achikkin gari on that
day thou must wash with sand
in the city, ya wajiba = ya
kamata it is necessary.
wajiha* »y^^, to rejoice.
wajuna* O^'^^f found in phr.
wajuna rama to fix a day.
waka l^t^, waka (it^, 1. song;
55, F 256 na gama toaka
I have finished the «ong; 2. to
sing.
ijoaka>ti*y see wakti,
wakawake ^-^l^^^, having spots
or stripes, speckled black and
white, used of fowls, etc.
toake i5^t^, beans.
fvakili J^t^^> Ar. J^^^i steward,
representative, governor ; sc^
riki wakilin gari nan. toa-
kilchi* ^yXSsy stewardship.
waMi* 1^2^^, tvakati* ^J^^, Ar.
<^y time ; D 23, A 54 loaktt
c?wA» = always ; from this root
is probably derived the Hausa
word for time ; cf. lokachi,
waXa ^\y pi. walu yt^, dove,
turtle-dove.
wala* ^9^, to have plenty of room
in which to sit down, walatoa*
\^y enjoyment of abundance,
comfort.
wal{l)a* l^^, Ar. yo^, found with
Ar. art. alwalanka A 71 thy
ablutions; cf. from same root
lullo, F 148 note and allowa,
wahkanJta C^U53^, to maltreat, to
despise. walakatichi wUfi^,
disgi*ace, maltreatment.
tualawa, see tvala.
wali* ^^y Ar. ^^^, id., 1. friend,
in a religious sense only, i.e. a
friend of AUah; D 99 alwaXi
rnuharmnad the friends of Mo-
hammed, E 38, F 4 ; 2. a man
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.i^^ 249
who gives away a woman in
marriage, e.g. her father.
ivalianchi w^^, prophecy.
wcUki tjfi^ or wolki ^Jj^f a wrap-
per made of the skin of a goat,
used as a loin cloth.
walwachey redupl. form of wachcy
to scatter; cf. wa/rwari.
waltuaji iH^V^) *antilopeleucoryx'
(?), its skin is used for making
white shields; it is found to-
wards the northern part of
Hausaland.
wcUwcUe* ^^y^, Ar. jy^, to ob-
ject to an agreement, C 23
note.
wanan, wani, see wonan, woni.
wanchey see woni.
^ ^ i ^
wandara* \\^y strong lion.
wando ^j>j^ or wondo ^J^^, pi.
wanduna UjlJ^, wonduna*
uJLjJ (F 202), loose baggy
trousers which are drawn tight
under the knee; they are simi-
lar to those worn by Arabs;
A 11, F 202 tvandunan wuta
fa kaza ravmna wuta they shall
have trousers of fire and tur-
bans of fire.
wamcy fem. wache', cf. wa.
wane da wa/nche male and female;
cf . woni.
wane* ^j, without (?).
\i)aneney pi. suanene, strengthened
form of toa, q.v.
wani ^J^y like ; waninsa like him
or his likeness ; cf . toa*.
^^3
waniy anyone ; cf. woni.
wanji* • L5%J3, superfluity, pro-
bably a corrupted form from
wanzu, q.v.
wanka ^y wanke iJ^^t to wash,
e.g. the face, clothes, etc.; pass.
awonke* i^p^t, F 90 awonke
ka fa gaalu zaman kushewa
thou art washed and cleaned
for burial, wanko ^u^, im-
plies to wash and bring back
to the place where the speaker
is. wankaJce iJ^^ f. wcm-
kaJca \xS^^, pi. wankaku y^y
washed, cleaned.
wanko^ see wanka.
wanshekaranjia \,f^jSiJLj^, three
days ago, the day before ahe-
karanjia. [Possibly wan in
this word is the same as wa^
in warkakka about this time.]
wanya ^J>^, l^j D 73, wanye
^^, wanyi ^^ B 121, ^^j
D 13, 1. to finish doing any-
thing, na wanya = na ka/re ; to
end, D 13 vmta da wuta ta ke
wanyi duka^ lit. fire and fire
ends everything, v. note, D 73
hal allah ski wa/nya hukumchi
ga bayi until God hath finished
His judgment on His servants;
2. B 121 raauim ta dunia taaa
ta wanyi his day of earthly
life is ended.
toanzu yjj^ and wonzu* ^JJ^, to
prolong, delay, stay, remain
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250
L^ty«#!^
over, be over and above ; mai-
wanzuwa tjJJ^^, renlaining ;
cf. wanji.
fvaraka V^j^, Ar. sJj^f leaf of a
tree, page of a book.
waraka, see wa/rhakka,
wa/rami i<«u, pi. t«;aramai i<0)^,
• ornament of iron, ivory, etc.
worn by the heathen on the
wrist.
tjoardi^y bad smell; cf. wa/ri,
ware ^j^^^ to separate, to dis-
perse, toarwari ^jS^j^t wa-
riwari or woritoori ^j^j^,
wawari v^t^^, to be broken
up, to be divided, used with
cdkaueli to break a promise.
warga, this ; cf. worga.
warhakka tx»^^, often contracted
colloquially to waraka, by this
time, about this time, e.g. ka
komo gobe war/uikka return at
this time to-morrow; cf. (1)
wuri.
wari ^j\^ or wardi* ^>j^ (cf.
" • «*»
(?) Ar. ^^fj^, corrupt matter),
bad smell; jin wari to perceive
such, zama wari to become
stinking.
wari \;£j^y to open, used e.g. of a
book, etc.; possibly a form of
ware.
wari* ^jy cf. Ar. %Sjy outside,
e.g. D 48 abinda akayi wari
what is done outside, D 70.
tvari j^, 1. a part, one piece of;
2. ^jy to select, to choose out
one or more pieces.
wa/rnu yj^, a small dark-coloured
frog.
tvartsaka* ^^jy to be convales-
cent, to get better.
UHjmjDariy to be broken up; cf.
twwe, walwache.
warwarji gy^jj, ^^j3jy a large
shield.
tc;a«a Lft^, a song, the sound of a
drum; yin wasa to play music,
hence wasarnbuki ^JLaJLw)^,
feasting at a marriage.
tuasa^S^f to sharpen; pass. atc;a5a
to be sharpened.
tvasa ^^ or tocwe ^^^, to break
up, scatter, disperse ; wa^a da
kurdi to throw down money in
gambling, wasawasa \Ltyay
scattered abroad, but few to-
gether; probably wache, washe,
watsu are secondary forms of
wasa-, cf. also waao.
wa^ali Jb«^ (cf. Ar. J^^^, the
sign *• placed over 1), the points,
or vowels (?), placed above or
below the letters ; cf . hajetu,
wasarnbuki, see wasa,
wasaso, to snatch or steal; cf.
KXISO,
wasauxisa, scattered ; cf . wasa.
< *• ^ *•
wasawasa Lwlj^M^t^, a sort of
porridge made of beans or
guinea-corn, or in N. Africa
of macaroni; cf. kuskus.
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251
ij^3
tvaae, to throw down; see wasa,
wateu.
washe* ^^t^, F 98, probably a
form of wache, to break up.
waso y»>^, found in pass, anwaso,
to be devastated . wasoso y>»^^
to snatch or steal goods, to
scramble for anything; cf.
wasay wawasu,
wata U^, pi. watani 15-^3 and
watashi ^J^^ (G 5, 1. 2), 1.
moon, usually construed as
masc. e.g. wata shina hada
haske the moon gives light,
farin wata new moon ; 2. hence
month; G 6, 1. 1, watan yo
this month, watan jibi the
month after next, watan jia
last month, wata ya mutu the
month (or moon) is ended.
wata* O3, to arrive at, reach.
watane* ij^^ (cf. Ar. ^^ iii, to
be assiduous), found in phr.
ka watane prepare !
watsatsi ^JaJ^^, fern, wataatsia
ij^Ja^^, a name given to a
vicious goat.
watmi ^^, spread, scattered ; cf .
wache.
waushi* ^^y perhaps (?).
wauta U^j, abstr. of wawa^ 1. fool-
ishness, vanity ; 2. to be foolish,
vain; maiwauta foolish, de-
ranged person.
toawa tjti F 30, 32, lj^ B 142, jj
C 5, 13, a fool, one who is
vain, a jester ; tana chewa kai
wawa she thinks you a fool,
bada wawa to deceive (1), F 32.
waioanchi ^^^S^y folly, foolish-
ness.
watoa l^t^, found only in the phr.
bahu wawa without doubt,
doubtless, F 7, 71, 137, 142,
etc.
wawari, to separate ; cf . wcM^e,
v)awa8u* y^\^^ used with y% to
snatch greedily, to steal ; cf.
waso.
way a* Lj^ = words; F 33 ^a enda
ka jita waya dan uwata when
thou hearest its words my
brethren; cf. wa4>.
waye ^1^, 1. to dawn, e.g. gari
ya waye the day dawns ; 2. to
make clear, to explain; ka
waye mamu abin nan explain
this thing to us; pass, akan-
wa/ita explained, D 95. ttni-
yewa |>^t> 1. dawning, dawn;
2. explanation, interpretation.
wayo yj^, waya Lj^, 1. plan,
scheme, plot, stratagem; hence
cunning, skill, C 6 ; maiwayo
cunning, i^ilful ; 2. wayo and
wayi ^^, to be cunning.
wazi and waaUj to warn ; cf .
wa^atai.
wazir* jjjy Ar. j-jjj, vizier.
t I
wene i^j, cakes made with rice
and guinea-corn.
unndi ^Ju^, a small round mat
made of grass ; cf . (1) umndi.
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252
W^^
tvoba* ij^ (cf. (?) Ar. ij^, to con-
sider attentively), wonder ; yin
woha to wonder, to marvel.
tvochan, that, fern, of toonchan,
q.v.
wochika*^ a letter ; c£. tvotika,
wod{d)a >3, fem. of wmvda^ q.v.,
pi. wodanda and wodancm^ who,
which A 19.
wodachi, riches; cf. toad(d)a.
wod(d)an€m, these, pi. of tvonan,
q.v.
wod{d)anda jlJ^^, who, pi. of
toonda, q.v.
wod{d)€mga, these; cf. wonga.
wod(d)mumy some, pi. of «^x)7ii, q.v.
wod(d)ari, to walk or ride; cf.
tood{d)ata^ riches; cf. tvad{d)a.
tvqfi ^^^, bareness, nakedness,
deprivation of goods; abin
wofi vanity, aike woji fruitless,
used of goods brought to the
market and not sold, haria
woji a bare lie, mutum wofi
a man of no use, B 160, tsiwon
(chiwon) wofi incurable disease.
wog{g)a, fem. of toonga, q.v.
X *. J < ^ J
woJial{l)a Ju».^, V^^3, wahal{l)a
J^> *^3 (cf. Ar Jjk^ II to
strike fear into), affliction,
trouble; A ^i mu ka chi ha
wahalla nika we shall eat with-
out the trouble of grinding,
yin wohcdla to punish, inflict
punishment ; pain, wohcdlan
haifua labour pains; maiwo-
haUa one who bears trouble,
a poor man who toils con-
stantly. tvohcUda jJ*.^, toa-
halda jJ[».^ = yin wohalla to
trouble oneself, be grieved,
distressed, kadda ka wohcdda
kanku do not trouble, vex,
distress yourselves, wohalshe
% ^ J
^ft .,ifc ^ , to vex, to annoy, to
cause affliction, to correct.
ivohalda, wohaUhej see prec.
woiga ij^, woida* juj and tooishe
^yLj^, to look back, behind.
woivxna ^yi^, toaiivaia ^yiy
to turn round, to look bsick.
wotwoiawa ^y^^^, turning
round, returning, F 69; cf.
dawoiya and kewoye.
woishsy see woiga,
woitvoia, tooiwoiawa, see woiga,
woje ^jt^y^i pi. toosashe* ^^Ltyy,
Ar. A*.^, side, place, region; wo-
jen dama right side^^ right hand,
wqjen hagum left side, dagga
woje nan,.. dagga toqje chan on
this side... on the other side,
wojenka = with you, hence as
adv., out, outside; ina tajia
woje I am walking outside.
wolhiy see wolkia,
wolkiy a goat's skin, etc. ; cf . walki,
wolkia ^JU^, lightning; B 139,
F 154 wodansu ya wolkia kuma
babu wawa some like lightning,
without doubt, tvolka iuj
and yin wolkia to lighten ; cf.
Ar. sjfl
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U-'J-J
wolla* it^, Ar., an oath, by Allah !
wollata 15*9^ [possibly derived from
the Ar. gj^ .aM, the title given
to the prayers which are said
when the sun is high], time
about 10 a.m., v. H. Gr. p. 64.
tvombai i^^, a royal officer, the
heir to the throne at Kano; cf.
/adatoa,
wonan, wanan* ^^, pi. wod(d)a-
nan ^^y 0^>> *^^^ ^®*^ ^7^
at B 97 tvonan is found with a
pi. n. kadda shi kaimu wonan
kwanaki that He may not bring
us to those days. (The word
is nearly always pronounced
wonan though written vxjmam,
as above; cf. seqq.)
xOx x6j
woncha/riy wanchan* ^^jliy 0^3^
fem. wochan^ pi. uH>d(d)anan,
that over there, the one yonder,
the other. An emphatic form
xOxx»x
is luonchananka ^lILulJt^ - that
one.
X Ox
wonda, toanda* jj^, fem. wod{d)a
XX X Ox X
>5 (A 19), pi. wod(d)anda jJ>3,
X Ox J X X X
jlJ>3 or wod{d)anan C>^>^,
• XX J
^>^, who, which; 6a6w wonda
no one. When the relative
pronoun is followed by a verb
the personal pronoun is also
used ; thus wonda ya taffi or
shi wanda ya taffi he who
went.
X Ox X ^
wonga ij^, fem. wog(g)a Ly pi.
^ X Ox X ^
wod{d)anga A^>5, this near by;
cf. wodansu those far away.
M?(mi, wani* Q^^ fem. «^7ofa ^3^»
joi J J
pi. te^on^t^ u**^^* toosu ^jj,
JJ JOxJ
^^ or tvodansu ^>^, F 81,
154, 155, some one, some, a
certain person or thing. In
the expression wane...wam^he
male... female, either wane —
woni and wancJie = wochan or
toane and vximche are borrowed
Fulah words.
wordy ayi iji^^, comp. of woni
and yayif q.v., sometime. |
tixmsUf pi. of woni, q.v.
t«7onisw*, to prolong ; cf. wanzu,
X X
worga or wa/rga tj^, used esp. in
Sokoto district as equivalent
to wonan this ; F 26 dalUi
worga waka duka ga kuran
the purpose of the whole of
this song is (to commend) the
Koran (related to wonga).
worigi ^^j^, P^*y> sport, also yin
worigi to play, to beat a drum.
I > I OJ
wonke ^jr^jy worke ^^»j^ or
* l" X
warke yJ^^y to heal, cure;
pass, to be healed, cured, wo-
rikeke ^JC&jj, fem. worikekia,
^^ • • X
pi. tvorikeku, healed, cured,
restored to a right state of
mind [cf. (?) Ar. jjt].
tooriwori ^j^jy to improve in
health.
woriwori or wariwari, to break;
cf . wa/re.
woshi* ^^^^f cf. B 7 awoahi he
was bom (?).
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S3
tfS»
Jl^ At., an oaih. br A ;fcJ
Ar. S^aMAlt the liilr^ x^^^sl
he prayers whicL ai^ «u£
m the sun is Hx^ r Trntf
Qt 10a.iiL, T. a Gt J. -r^l:.
% ^jJy, a royal c<£oer. lait
ir to the throne at Kao: : <£
t* !>*> pL «•# i***-
. Jbtflda «&• hmtmm mrnrnrn^
\ that B« mmj ai«ln^
* i tn liw^ee ilaji. (He «m4
'^^v ^TBIl- ix^idyn, pL «ai4
^ iLi&t tAcr tbrfBt <^ 4i«»
r ^iwr. Aa ^mmI
friv-AiiMM^a J5^
vest,
/ ..
ua yamuUe
Jod.
itibala, el name
enannibtil tfibes
.K of HmiSiiltvncU
pronominal profiit
sp Sixi pet's p sing.
not BO commonly
aia^ q.v.j and like it
^d by nouurt or parti-
It-
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%CJ
254
J^
J J
wowo ^^y
W08U, others, etc., pL of woni^
q.v.
wota, a certain one, fern, of woniy
wotaMla '5l<Jui (cf. (?) Ar. 2Xf^,
so that wotakila would mean
* in some measure '), perhaps.
wotika \S^^ or wochika* Ixa}^ (cf .
Ar. >miMy covenant, document),
a letter.
At the end of the
month Muharram, i.e. end of
the year, boys light torches
and throw them about ; this
display of torches is called
wcywo,
wu *3, a shout or scream = ufu,
wuche i<5^, vmshe* ^^^ E 50, or
fuche ^Jt?, to pass by, pass
away, subside; A 15 kowa ya
zo ya tvuche every one comes
and goes, B 75 duka sun tmtche
they have all passed away ; cf .
t/mlga, vmrga,
timchia*, a tail ; cf . tmitsia,
vmfl*, tvupi*y iji^, shoes.
J J J
v)ujuhum* j^^^^, Ar., their faces,
V. F 248 n.
vmka i^j^, pi. wukake tJ^^^^
knife; wasa or gerta wuka to
sharpen a knife; wukan sariki
name of a spotted grasshopper
with green wings.
vmkia i^^, small, long-shaped
vase or bottle for holding scent.
tvulakanta U«£»^j (cf. Ar. uU^,
to strike), to strike blows, to
evil intreat ; A 66 rana da zai
mutu kan wulakanta masaa
on the day that he shall die he
shall be struck with blows.
wulga iJj, UJ^, vmlge ^^^, vmrga
L5^J^> ^;-3» 1- ^ pass by, pass
away; 2*. to throw away.
*->
imindi ^ju^, the round hole cut
for the neck in a shirt (tugiia).
wum ^^ (cf. Ar. ^^, be weak,
relaxed, tired out in work), to
pass the night at a place, the
whole day from sunrise to sun-
set; sanu da vmni salutation
used to a man working the
whole day ; cf. yini.
vmr jy very, used with ja only;
ja tour very red.
wur{r)a* j^, to jump backwards
and forwards, to dance.
vmrga, to pass by ; cf . vmXga,
'f^ri jy ^p, pi. wurare {Jjj^,
place, spot, locality; vmrin
chira place of escape, refuge,
e.g. a king's house, B 95, 98,
vmrin gudu a place to flee to,
vmrin sapka a camping-place.
vmrin, i.e. vmri na, is often
equivalent to 'with' or *to';
wu/rinsa with him, ya taffi
vmrin sariki he went to the
king. It is also used for in
place of, instead of.
wurij^f an adverbial use of prec,
early, already, before, before
time; da vmri before, some
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255
time ago, tunda vmri already,
up till now, ^uuri vmri very
early ; cf. (1) warkakka,
tvuri \^jy pi. hurdi ^>^i cow-
rie; the pi. is also used in the
general sense of money, e.g.
kurdin gurasa bread -money,
i.e. alms. [Cowrie shells are
imported into Hausaland by
way of the R. Niger from
Zanzibar and the Maldive
Islands.]
tvusfie*, to pass away; see wuche.
wushewa* t^^j, cf. Ar. ^ji>y
adornment, E22n.
wushiria* ^jJ^^ (cf. Ar. jJ^^, to
make the teeth sharp and thin),
the natural space between the
two front teeth in the upper
jaw.
tuuta U^, fire, a fire ; jin tvuta to
warm oneself at a fire, timta
lahira and wuta the fire of
hell A 7, 22, F 118, 160, da-
barun wuta F 180 the back of
the fire = ha/yan wuta, equi-
valent to our * top of the fire.'
farawuta \3^^,, brimstone (in
Ar. ^^^)-
wutsia Q»^, ^t^y vmchia* Q^,
tail.
.•J , ^
touya l^j or tmya L;^, pi. wiyayi
^Vj^, neck, 18, 33; vmyan
hanu, lit. neck of the hand =
wrist.
tvuya Ljj, difficulty; da tvuya
difficult, hard to accomplish,
of necessity, ahin-dunia da vm-
yan aa/ni it is difficult to know
all things.
The letter ^ is used by the Hausas
to represent the sound of the
English consonant y. It is
also used in forming the diph-
thongs ai ^— and ot ^^ e.g.
saidai (^ J^^ only, bokkoi ^!i^
seven; and in representing the
sounds of the Italian vowels
e ^« and i ^— , e.g. sare ^jL*
to cut, tqf(/)i ^ju to go. It
is placed at the end of verbs
ending with the sound i, but
not as a rule at the end of
nouns except in the plural
number, thus : /adi ^>l? to
fall, takohi ^yu sword, sasari
^j^\mt chains.
yajy\^, pers. pron. third pers. sing,
prefixed to aor. *he,' 'it,' e.g.
ya yenke he cut ; used in im-
personal expressions, e.g. ya
issa it is enough, ya fi it is
better ; also to express a wish,
e.g. allah ya haka lafia may
God give you health [ski is
more commonly used in this
sense].
ya i, also yi ^ (A 6), yina ^,
A%\=kama, like, as; B 72,
F 154 wonsu kan ahutse (ahude)
wa iaka ttnuhnau ya tvolkia
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266
L5^W
some would pass like wind,
some like lightning.
ya Q, Ar. id., O ! esp. used in
expression ya sidi sir !
ya C [Kanuri id.; c£. note on
yaya], elder sister, for corresp.
masc. V. wa; cf. also yata,
iyata.
ya G (nearly always used in con-
struct form yan ^) pi. of da,
Kanuri id., son; yan uwana,
lit. sons of my mother = friends,
brothers, brethren ; cf . also
yamata.
yah(b)ay see yab(b)o.
yahdanuna* ^^;tyj^) Ar. expr.
used in F 42 ; cf . note ad loc.
yahe ^-jj, to daub, ceil, smooth,
plaster, of walls, etc. yohahe
^^^, fem. yahaha (^^ pi. ya-
babu yk^, smoothed, ceiled,
plastered.
yab{b)o yu, praise, fame, reputa-
tion, report; yin yabo to praise,
honour, B 21 ina yabonka sidi
uban zahra I praise thee, O
lord, father of Zahra, D 100,
F 31. yab{b)a s^, to praise,
to give thanks ; na yaba = na
gode. yeb(b)abe j^j-e-*:{, fem.
yeb(b)aha Qjj, pi. yeb(b)abu
y^f honoured, praised.
yada j^>, yada wuta to light a
fire.
yada* >G, probably related to
%, q.v., to reject, e.g. A 58
sun yada hainya they rejected
the right way.
yade ^Jl;, to skimjnilk.
yadia L;ju| (= cynanchum vimi-
nale ?), a shrub that burns with
a noise in the fire; ropes are
made from its bark.
yado* jj^i, roots of gourds or
melons.
yado, yadu ^L; (cf. Ar. ^ju,
, wide), to spread out, increase ;
B 47 ibada kan yado the ser-
vice of God would increase.
yaenda, when; usually contracted
to yanda, q.v.
iS <>
yaetvnan ^^Lj, then ; cf. saanan.
yafa ^*ljj and yafo j^b, 1. to rub,
to wash over with water; 2. to
fold over, to wrap or cast a
garment about one; inayafi
A 1 1 = coverings, wraps.
yafe i*?b, Fulah yafu, to forgive =
gaferta.
yafo, see yafa,
yaga L^U, to tear, e.g. cloth,
paper, etc.; F 184 (of dogs)
^WTM hafshi suna yaga da tsawa
they will bark and tear and
ci'y* yagua t^b, a tear in
clothes, etc.
yaiyawa* t^jub, found D 66 for
dayawa, ba iyaka zafi yaiyawa
there shall be no limit to the
great heat.
yaji i«*>b, hot spice, pepper, any-
thing hot like pepper, e.g. B 17
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cmnabi nuigani ha yaji ha the
medicine of the prpphet is not
hot.
yaka Jb, fern, yaki ^^, come
thou, come !
yaki j^lj, pi. yahuna U.4lJ,
yah)ke ^>4lJ, C 31, war,
fighting; yin yaki tawage war
G 1, 1. 7, C 31 ita dauki
yakoke it undertakes wars.
mayaki j^C«, warrior, G 2,
1.6.
yako ^, a shrub, from the wood
of which a medicine is made =
maga/nin majina.
yakua \^, a soup or stew made
of meat and the fruit of the
dorowa tree ; cf . dodotua, aoha-
rodo,
yakutu* O^l^, At, id., a precious
stone, ruby or sapphire, F 227.
The Greek vaKivOoq, English
jacinth, is the same word.
yal J^, a form of yan^ children ;
pi. of da, q.v.
yala Jj, ^^Ij (Fulah yalla per-
haps), whether, or, e.g. B 56
yala chikkin dere ko ko jijjif
whether bj night or just before
dawn, B 156 yala ta samu ko
ha ta samuwa ha whether it
be obtained or not obtained.
yalo yi^, pi. yaluna WlJ, a plant
about 3 ft. high, its fruit is
like a large tomato, larger
than gauta,
yalwa or yeltoa 1^, abundance; )
257 Uj
B 45 ahi hamu chi da aha da
ahin yelwa may He give us
food and drink and abundance,
also = a wide place, D 40. yal-
i^ ** f '
wata wy^, 1. abundance of
room, prosperity; 2. to extend,
to flourish, yayalwachi ^^^\
an intensive form = fulness.
maiyelwa tjJL^f^, spacious =
maisarari; cf. (?) Ar. 3JI,
plenty.
yamata l3UL; = ya + wato, daugh-
ters, girls ; cf . yarinia.
yamhu*y mud ; cf. yiinhu,
yamche ^^^i^J, yamchi ^i^y to
bind grass with cords so as to
form a roof.
yami ^b, 1. leaven, vinegar,
anything sour; 2. to swell,
used of a sore, etc. ; cf . tsamia,
yamkon ha^iu, cutting off hands of
thieves ; cf . yenka,
yamma Cj, uJ, Ar. ^^, west,
evening; G 4, 1. 15. yammachi
, westward.
yamutse ^^Jk«b, yamutsi ^^Luob,
to be pulled down, destroyed,
ended, e.g. kaaua ta yamutse
the market is ended.
yamyam j^fg^y cannibals, a name
given to the cannibal tribes
living in the S.R of Hausaland.
yana Uj, verbal pronominal prefix
to pres. tense 3rd pers. sing,
masc; it is not so commonly
used as shina, q.v., and like it
is followed by nouns or parti-
17
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258
cipial forms. In colloquial
Hausa it is often pronotinced
yina or inay e.g. alkamma ina
da roshi the wheat is ground
fine.
yanbaka l£t^, 1. tribal marks cut
from the corners of the mouth ;
2. very talkative; cf. ya{n\
bald.
yanchi w^ (from ya pi. of da,
son, free), liberty, freedom,
adoption, yanchi 15JLL) or en-
chi L^t, to free a slave.
yanchiako*, chicken ; cf. tsako,
yanda j^JL;, yaenda jJl^ or ya-
wanda J^yj = aa^cmda, when, at
what time; D 18, B 121 mutua
ycMvanda ta taffo ta rabeshi
death, when it comes, etc.
yam* ^^, to close, shut a box,
door, etc.?
yan-uwa, brethren ; cf . utua.
yarvyawa Ui^, a fox (1).
yamau jJUj, now, directly; hy-
yanzu, an emphatic form =
even now, immediately; yam.zu
yam.zu presently, forthwith ;
B 174 hal ya zua yanzu even
to the present time.
yoo, to walk ; cf . ya^oo,
yao, to-day ; cf . yau,
yapki iJj^ or ^ylti» ^ ^i^^ ^^
velvet cloth brought from the
west.
yarjj, for yoM, or perhaps a femi-
nine form of ya child; A 24
koM yar gidda she is free ; cf . da,
yara, see yaro.
yaran(n)i i^^j-Ji, yellow
work on a burnous.
needle-
ya/rayCy see ya/ro,
yari ^jVj, the chief slave of a
king, used esp. in Sokoto and
Zamfa districts.
yarili, infant ; cf . jarili.
yarinia \^ji, pi. yamata, q.v., fenL
of yaroy girl, young woman.
yarinta Ui)ji^, youth ; cf . seq.
ya/ro jjb, pi. yara SjKj, yaraye
^SjCi (F 82), yaya Xk *nd
yayaye ^-jbb (F 99) ; the last
two forms may perhaps be
regarded as plurals of da) yor
yaye may perhaps be formed
from yaye to wean; boy, child ;
the pi. yaya is often used of
produce, etc. ; yanfom. itache the
fruit of a tree. The corresp.
fem. of yaro is ya>riniay q.v.
yoTo da daria, i.e. laughing
boy, the name applied to a
certain kind of ground nut;
cf. kwa/ruru,
yasa LiLj, pL yasosi ^^^.m^u, finger,
toe; yasa na kaffa = toey baban
yflwa = thumb or big toe, atUa
yasa the little finger; cf. F 162.
yasa ^(j, to dig; D 92 to dig a
well, na yasa rijia I dug a
well.
yashey to cast away ; cf . yes,
yasM ^y^i, white sand or mud in
water.
yasuuy %m^, yashuu* %^j the
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259
^
original Arabic name for Jesus;
cf . under isa,
yata^ elder sister ; cf . iyata,
yau ^, often pronounced yo\ cf.
Ar. ji^, to-day, this day;
• maiyo existing to-day, B 3
ubangijinmu maiyo maigobe
He is our lord to-day and for
ever, B 21. yauyau or yoyo
^yif 1. of time = at last, just
now ; used with da, zaahi fi^ii
da yauyau he will overcome
them eventually ; 2. of place =
close by, just behind; ya yi
yauyau he came behind.
yavfchi ^yi, l5^>!» delay; ya yi
yauchin zakua he delays his
coming; adv. late.
yaudon run ^j^j 0>>!> * small
herb with red flowers, used in
sauce, like coriander.
yauni* ^yiy the name of a small
fish with prolonged mouth.
yauahe j^>;, when, at what time;
daga yauahe from what time?
har yauahe until when, how
long? tunyaushe^ id., koyaushe
at any time, whenever.
or
^^ cf. Ar.
^jm^, to wither, wrinkle, fade,
used of a tree; ya yi yauahi
it shrivelrf up.
yauwa, see yawo,
yawa tjlj;, the fibre of a tree used
for making rope.
yawa l^^, plenty, multitude, as
adv, much; yawan rod long
life, dayawa (often pronounced
deyawa or diyawa) t^, much,
many, maya/uxi or maiyawa
Sy^tr^y pL masuyawa \y,^\^,
many, used esp. of persons;
sa yawa-yawa = to multiply.
yawanchi ^^^, large portion,
abundance, yaioanta O^Jy^*
and yin yawanta = to multiply.
yauxinda jJ^, when, B 121 ; cf.
yanda.
yawanta, see yawa,
yawo jjLj, ^l,j, also pronounced
yao, to walk, to promenade, to
take exercise, e.g. on horseback ;
e.g. F 103 <ia hu/ruA-^aini na
yawo kushewa and the Houris
will walk within thy tomb, yin
yawo, id., na yawo bisaa dohi
I took exercise on horseback.
yauwa \^yj walking, wander-
ing.
yaya, Kanuri id., children, pi. of
yaro, q.v.
yaya* LjL; = wa, elder brother.
[The word, is apparently bor-
rowed from Kanuri, in which
yaya and ya = elder brother or
elder sister.]
yayaltvachi, fulness ; cf. yalwa,
yayan yaki, soldiers, used as pi. of
da/a yaki and maydki,
yayaye boys, pi. of yaro, q.v.
yaye to wean ; cf . yeye,
t ^
y<^y^* ^^ftj > ^ uncover (?).
Wy^f{f)^* ^^tri or yinyif(f)i
f^J^, gentle rain.
17—2
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260
y«y^ {^ky *ii»e, age; ga yayin
annahi in the day of the pro-
phet, yayinsa ya vmche = he is
old, woniyayi = sometime.
yeh{h)ahe^ honoured ; cf . yab(b)o.
yed(d)a^ to throw ; cf. yea,
fix
yedda j^>, 1. ^^ = kanda', yedda
kai or yedda kaso as you like ;
2. yedda is also used as a
rel. pron., that, which.
yelwa, see ycdwa.
yenka %2LL; and yenke ^Jw, to
cut, to reap, to slaughter, e.g.
G 4, 1. 8 yenka mutane ; hence
various idiomatic uses, e.g.
yenke kamna to despise C 10,
to reject the love of, yenke ma-
gana to put an end to conver-
sation, yenke karia to tell lies.
X -» X
mayenha ^SL ^^ U, puffed up,
proud, yenkake ^xCLi, fern.
yenkaka ixJu^, pi. yenkaku
^SLSLLj, cut. yamkon Jianu
y;^ vlP^) cutting off hands,
a common form* of punishment
inflicted on thieves, etc.
yenyena ^J^, to cut up into very
small pieces, to make mince-
meat.
yerda ijj^ \i,jj, yirda ^jj (cf. Ar.
^^^jy to agree), to forgive,
remit ; yerda bashi to remit a
debt, to give up, deliver up;
C 34 pass, impersonal asMyerda
must abandon, yerda da to rely
upon; also as a n. will, per-
mission ; A 2 da yerdan mai-
aama with the approval of Him
who dwells in heaven, dbin da
ya yerda da sAi = that which
pleases him; cf. G 7 fin. yer-
dade ^^^jJi^ fem. yerdada S^jJy
pi. yerdadu ^jJ, approved of,
agreed to, believed in, received,
y^* ^j^ or y&rje ^ij.jJ, per-
mission; bani yerji allow me,
A 27 ka bata yerji grant her
permission, yerje mana = do !
x#
yerdaji tjt^:tji, trustworthy, faith-
ful ; cf . prec.
y^^ L5?H> ^ throw away.
yerima U<K> son of a king, per-
haps = chirqma,
yerjiy see yerda.
yes (pronounced almost like yez)
^^y to throw, to throw away.
X X
yeada ju*^, B 89 sun yesda
dunia they cast aside the world.
yed(d)a j^j and yashe ^^^*Lj, id.
yeye, children ; cf . ya^a,
II I -»
y^y^ Ls<^ ^^ y^y^' L5^S!> l- to wean;
yinyeye^ id. ; 2. the person who
takes charge of a child after it
is weaned; this is usually done
at the age of two years.
yi ^ [cf. Nup6 ji to make],
to do, make, iwa^ yiwa Uj
F 254; also iwo and yitoo l^ =
to do, make, C 42, 49 ; pass,
to be done ; idiomatic uses are
impers. ya yi it does, it is
satisfactory (cf. Eng. * it does');
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261
Vi
yi also expresses equality, e.g.
tvanan ya yi wonchan this is
equal to that, cf. H. Gr. p. 52;
.8u yi nawa how many were
there ? anayi da shi = he is set
upon, he is abused, yin karia
used of a gun, to miss fire; see
also seq.
yi* ^y working, power, in phr.
E 38 c/a yin allah = da ikon
allah by the power of God,
used esp. in Sokoto district,
yi, A 6, like = ya^ q. v.
yimhu y^, yambu* yJ»^y clay,
mud.
yina*y often pronounced ina^ Uj =
ahina or yana] F35 yina ga-
ninka He beholdeth thee.
yina*y A 81, or yi*, A 6, like = y«,
q.v.
yini ^jij, 1. the space of a day,
a day; F 111 yini nan jalla
kua shi ka tada kowa on that
day the glorious One will raise
up every one; 2. to stay or
stop at a place for a day only,
then to continue, e.g. ina yini
taffiay aiki, etc. I continue tra-
velling, working, etc. till even-
ing, B 146 n. ; 3. (?) continually,
always; cf. umni,
yinyif(f)i*y light rain; cf. ya-
yeffa.
yirdaji, trustworthy; cf. yerdaji,
yiwaj yiwo or iwo, to make; cf.
yi and wa,
yo, to-day ; cf . yau,
yodo, see yavdo.
yonkane ^^yjJjLj, to wither, of
plants; also of man, to be
wasted with disease.
yoahiy see yavshi,
yoyo, at last ; cf . yauyau,
yumki* ^k^j, to seal, to set a
seal (?). '
^ J
yunwa \yJ^ (often pronounced
yungwa\ hunger, famine; jin
yunwa to feel hungry, da yun-
wa hungry, ina da yunwa I
am hungry.
A> *> J
yuthki* ^^jidj, prob. for Ar. j^^a*^,
found in F 197, v. note.
i z and J z are used by the Hausas
to represent the sound of the
English z. There is no dis-
tinction of sound between the
two, and they are often in-
terchanged ; thus guzuri is
written ^jjji. in F 67, but in
the following line is written
guzuri j^J^. The sound is
sometimes interchanged with
that of j or «, thus guzu or
gusu bottom, zarumi or jarimi
a warrior. In words which are
not connected with Semitic
roots z J \s more commonly
used than z y
za !i lit. = to be about to go, and so
= to be about to. . ., used as aux-
iliary to form the future, e.g.
C 13 zamu tashi we shall arise,
B 71 komi ya faru zashi shi
ka/i'e ni whatever begins will
come to an end, A26; «a and
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v»i
262
*A»i
zo to come, probably stand to
each other in the same re-
lation as bid{d)a and bid(d)Oy
they are both probably con-
nected with je, the z being
palatalized to j through the
influence of the vowel follow-
ing ; cf . zaka, zatsa.
zaha v6 C 11, zahe ^\l F 134,
zabi* vS A 16, v^i A 3^, F 53,
to choose, select, elect, e.g.
F 134 mun zabeka we choose
thee. zoMl ^!i, to be chosen.
zahabe i^li, fern, zababa l*^1i,
pi. zahahu ^t>, particip. adj.
of zaha, chosen, picked out,
selected.
zaha WiS (cf. (1) Ar. 4-iS, gold),
found in phr. kurdi zaha pure
or genuine money.
zahania* l^^Wj, Ar. id., found in
D 72 asam/ya zahania wa dvhu
sahatn chaka/ni seventy thou-
sand evil angels shall be put
therein; cf. note ad loc.
zahe and zahi, to choose ; cf . zaha.
zahgai ijk^J, poison put on arrows.
zahia l^j, 1. with pi. zahiyoyi
j^^trfjj * minstrel, a king^.s
musician ; 2. a species of dark
red coloured date (cf. (?) Ar.
s^>^j) ; 3. an albino.
zahki* *il^i, to soften; D 65 kai
garemu ta zahki it will soften
our heads.
zaho yfj, a herb, the leaves of
which are tooth-shaped; they
are beaten up to make a medi-
cina
zabare, reeds ; cf. tsabare,
zahura j^jj to start back, to rise
up quickly, to start, of a horse.
^ j^ • ''' .
zahura* \j^, Ar. jyij^ id., writing
from God, used of the Koran,
the Psalms, or the Gospels.
zabata U^j, white muslin for mak-
ing a turban, with red edge.
zache, to suppose ; cf . tsachi.
zaen(n)a, to seal ; cf . zuin{n)a.
?^fi \Jt^^ F 189, 195 also zqfi
^\j J) 66, Ar. ^^>, heat;
d'66, F 195, ruan^zafi hot
water, F 189; cf. seq.
zafi ^\)f pain ; da zafi painful,
na ji zafi I feel pain, jin zafin
zitchia to be cut to the heart ;
prob. akin to prec.
zafi* j«?1j, idol ; cf. tsafi,
zagarafi ijlj^tj, a plant, the dried
root of which is used as a
purgative.
zage ^\l F 34, zagi ^(i F 8, to
reproach, revile, e.g. F 34 /a
kowa ya zabeka dunia when
anyone in the world revileth
thee.
zage ^1>, zagi ^!i, 1. to draw
a sword; 2. to go to a place =
taffi^ ag. £ 50 mu za^ge makka
we go to Mekka; cf. zazage.
zago 3^tS) to walk about, to
walk backwards and forwards,
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«>!i
263
»^J
to go a long way round to a
place.
$w^t, see prec.
zagi* ^jj, a horse led behind
another, not ridden.
zagoy see zage,
zag{g)o ^j, a species of ant which
builds ant-hills.
zago ^jy a harpoon for river fish-
ing.
zahiriy to appear ; cf . tsahiri.
zahra \jAjy the name of a daughter
of Mohammed (?); see B 21
note.
zaiba loj, Ar. sJi^J, Pers. <»j^j,
id., quicksilver.
zaiti* C^J, Ar. C^J, olive.
2;aA^ «Slj, ej, 1. to come (esp. in
Sokoto); 2. to go, e.g. D 22
kuna zaka da haji go on the
pilgrimage, zahua t^^J, com-
ing. \zaka may possibly be
derived from za used in the
sense of * to go ' with pronoun
suffixed, or za may be used
as a noun and followed by a
possessive pronoun. Either
derivaticMi is however most
uncertain.]
zak{lc)a l^j, Ar. Sl^J, alms, e.g.
F 17, ha her riba ka hada zaka
cease from unlawful gain, give
tithes; cf. zukaita,
zaka ji\y the fut. aux. verb, second
pers. sing. masc. ; zaka gani
thou wilt see; cf. za.
zaJcainya^ lioness ; cf . zaki.
zakami ^\^j, zakami i^^j (cf.
Ar. j^^j, a medicinal tree), a
shrub, from the berries of which
is made a medicine, also a
highly intoxicating drink; cf.
zakumu,
zakani* ^\l^i (?), blazse, D 64
note.
zakani*, between; cf. taaka/ni.
*• ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
zakara ]j^j, zakara t^i, pi. za-
ka/ru ^j^J, zakaru yj^^, cf.
Ar. ^}^i, cock ; zaka/ran da-
waki a large bird which flies
about at night and cries kdra
kHra^ its coming is considered
an omen of war, zakara mai-
surdi a cock with a red mark
on its back like a saddle.
zaki ^^ii, the fut. aux. verb,
second pers. sing. fern.
zaki L«^tj, fenL zakainya It^^tj,
pi. zakoki ^^^^tj, lion.
•S " St
zakka \^j or zikka lij or jikka
s a
U^ (cf. (?) Ar. wij, a bag made
of skin), a measure for grain.
J X
zaku ^li, aux, verb, fut. tense,
second pers. pi.; cf. za,
zakua^ coming; cf. zaka,
^ J ^ J > <
zakuda J>£sjy zakudo yJ^jy to
move forward a very little or
to make room.
zakumu* ji^j, Ar, j^^j, F 196,
the name of a tree in hell,
V. note. From the same root
prob. oomes zakami, q.v.
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tfiuli
264
lmJ
zallantaka \S2iX^ (cf. Ar. ^>, to be
vile), unchastity.
zcUumchiy deceitf ulness ; cf. tsor-
limi.
zalwani 1*^5^, a dark-coloured
women's cloth.
zama j^i A 57, 80, C 8, zaina j^j
B 133, found as zamai ^^>
C 52, to come into a condition
or state, to become, e.g. B 133
ku zama ahaitanai you become
evil, ni zama da hankali I
shall behave wisely, zama U>
and zam^inchi »^%%o3> state, con-
dition, e.g. C 15 enna da zama
na dawama where is a state of
continuance? hence = affairs,
enna zaman gari how is your
stay in the town? ans. zam>an
ga/ri da godia we are quite
well thank you; continuance,
E 14, 28, F 67, C 6 zamansa
na dunia his sojourning on
earth, E 18 masuzamaga hain-
yoyimusulmithose (of you) who
continue in the ways of Mus-
sulmans. ^ Hence its use when
repeated, zama zama after some
time; cf. 8am(m)a; yin zama
to succeed in doing anything
attempted.
zama Ui, 1. prep, because of ; F 90
zaman kuahewa for burial;
2. conj. for, because, e.g. F 14,
15, 68. Prob. related to prec.
word.
zamanclii, condition; cf. zama,
zamani ^^^j G 4, ^^(j B 95, 96,
zam^jmi \j\^\\ G 1, zamfianu
lyUlj B 82 (cf . Ar. ^), oUj,
id.), time; za/m^jmin annabi in
the times of the prophet, zc^
mani kaddan a short time, G
4 ya yi zainanishi he reigned.
zamarke ^^sj^j, a species of legu-
minous plant used for burning.
zamha or zanba w^>, Li^i, Ar.
^i, crime, adultery; B 108,
C 1, E 25, B 147 tana da rur
rudi don ta yi zanba it prac-
tises deceit in order that it
may commit a crime; cheating,
e.g. in selling, etc. zaniba^che
^y^it zamhata CUeJ>, to cheat,
hence mmzamha>chi or mmzam-
bata one who cheats, a cheat.
zamhata C^i, C 2, guilt, from
the same rt comes zunufi^ zur
nubiy q.v.
^0* 00' 0^
za^nba/r j^j, j^J, thousand, prob.
a Songai word.
zamhaiaj see zamha.
TMj/mhu yjjy a sort of pudding
made with flour and onions.
zami* ^*-o1i, cf. Ar. j^\y blame,
e.g. C 32 zami ta kan che na
mallami she speaks evil of a
Mallam.
zami i^\} (cf. Ar. j^j, to muzzle a
camel), 1. to keep back, put
down; particip. n. zamitva
t^tj, B 113; 2. to recline, lean
back on a horse, stumble.
zamna ^>«>, tUi, zamna O-^j,
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^ti
zona Ujj A 12, zamne* ^y^^
B 73 (cf. Ar. ^^ iv, to last a
long time), to stop at a place,
to reside, dwell, sit down; G 1
8uka zamna chikki they settled
down in it, fnaizamnay pi. ma-
8uzamna dweller, inhabitant,
sojourner ; cf . Introd. p, xix.
zamuj^\^^ fut. aux. verb, first pers.
pL; cf. za,
zaria ^!i, Uli, to reckon up,
take account of ; E 4 hallinmu
- da ankazana sai mu tvha our
(evil) deeds shall be reckoned
up unless we repent.
zam^a ^!i or zani ^yli, to draw
strokes or lines, zane ^yli,
spots, lines.
zana Utj, a rough kind of mat
made of grass or reeds, with
which the outside of houses is
covered and partitions made
within.
zamhtty zanhata, see zamhay zamv-
hata,
zanche ^^>, zanchi ^j*ii, A 3,
word, conversation; yin zanche
to speak, converse, zantawa
\yij!it conversing; cf. sanche,
zane, spots, lines ; cf . zana.
zan(n)e ^^ zan{n)i ^i, also
pronounced zen{n)e, pi. zan-
(n)tui tyi, 1. cloth, esp. a piece
such as that worn by women,
of oblong shape ; A 28 <a dau
zani let her take a cloth ; 2. a
measure of cloth of about 15
265 ^jj
feet; 1 zane = 8 kamu and
4:^zane=lturumi,(i.Y, zan{n)e
is frequently treated as of femi-
nine gender.
zangarami*y a large tree with poi-
sonous fruit.
zanga/mia, a stalk of com; cf.
sanga/rnia,
zangoykjj, a hundred, seldom used
except in counting cowries;
probably a Songai word; cf.
zungo.
zani ^tS, 0^i> ^*^*« ^^^' verb,
first pers. sing., I will or I will
go ; cf . za.
zanko y^}^ a tuft of hair in the
middle of the head.
zanta^oa tjJL^^, rel. to zanche,
particip. form used as an intr.
v., to speak.
zanzana wpj, small-pox = agana.
zanzaro ^jjjj, a hornet; cf. mod.
Ar. Jjjjj yiy wasp, lit. father of
buzzing.
za/ra*, to accuse; cf. aare.
X < <
zaraha l^jj, a bunch of dates.
za/r{r)e ^j^ A. lb, «ar(r)t ^j
A 13, cf. Swaheli zaH, 1.
thread, e.g. A 75 shi ne yake
dumkin foH ha zare he is as a
man sewing a white garment
without thread; 2. a rope put
through the nose of a cow,
mazari {JjJ^y spindle; cf. zar-
(r)ia and seq.
zarge ^Aj» pl- zarguna Xi^jj (cf.
Ar. ^Ujk, a noose), a loop in
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jAU
266
L5*UJ
string, etc.; from the same
Ar. rt comes azvrkay q.v.; cf.
mazargif mazaHgi and azari-
gagi.
zar{r)iy see 2wr(r)e.
zari ^j\ji 1. plenty to eat; 2. one
who eats much, a strong man.
zar(r)i* {Jj^ v. B 160 ta kan
zarishi ha ho da tausai it will
snatch him away without pity.
zan'{r)ia Cji, zar(r)ia QjJ, fem. of
zar{r)e, q.v., a string to tie up
trousers, wando.
zaHa ^jjy to leap, dance, zaria
Qjj, dancing; yin zaria to
dance.
zarmi, see zarumi.
zarumij zaromi ^j^]}, za/rmi ^yfjjy
jaHmi* ^^^jt^ or zarmi ir^ji
pi. zarumai ic-o^Jj* officer, one
of a king's body-guard.
zaahi cnii, fut. aux. verb, third
pers. sing. = he will ; cf. za.
zasu ^1i, fut. aux. verb, third
pers. pi. = they will.
zati j^li, Ar. Oli, greatness,
majesty, size, realm, F 46, 246;
king, F 132 shi fadi shina su-
juda enda zati he will speak,
he wijl prostrate himself in
the presence of the King.
zat{t)o, to think ; cf . tsetto,
zaisa* i»ti, a Sokoto form of za^
to go; cf. F 237 ahau kuma
zatsa fa dar maiiyawa they
mount and go to the dwelling-
place of the Almighty; cl
P 50 note.
zau ^j, a large fish, from which oil
for eating is obtained.
zaiida* y^j [cf. (t) Ar. rt 3jJ, to
make preparations for a jour-
ney], to separate from, to desert
a friend, etc.
zaura \j^j, idon za/wra^ 1. a varie-
gated cloth ; 2. a white stone ;
cf . ido,
zaure ^jj, pi. zawnika Jj^j,
hall, a porch with double en-
trance; cf. U(yro.
zauwa* \^^i particip. form from
zo, coming =^ zua,
zauwa/ra tj^jj, widow.
zaipo ^^\jy purging, used of medi-
cine.
zayen{n)a ^^j (cf. Ar. rt ^>:»j, to
adorn, to ornament), to illumi-
nate a manuscript. Probably
the same word as zuin{n)ay
q.v. ^
zayi* jjS, to go to visit (?); F 58
ta zayi annahawa she went to
see the prophets ; cf. (?) ziayd,
zaza* 1j!j, bank, found in F 182
. zazdn wuta a bank of fire; see
note.
zaz{z)dbi or zez{z)ehi ijfjjj fever.
zazaga ijj, Ujj, to shake, tremble.
zazagawa \^jj^ trembling all
over.
zazage* i5^!jj» to go, to make
ready to go; B 168 mw hada
farUirrniii, mu zazage we will
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Jjj
267
\^{jjj
perform our religious duties,
we will make ready ; cf . zcige.
zazari jjj, to hasten after; 6 133
ya wanda ka ga na zazari
banna he whom you see hasten-
ing after evil ; cf. (1) z(M'{r)i,
zazewa t>^J, the name of a certain
small white-breasted bird of
the same size as the haiwan
allah.
siergi ^jjy 1. avarice, greed; 2.
suspicion.
J ^
zerto yijj, a saw. Prob. another
form of derto yij>, a file.
zet(t)o, to think ; cf. t8et{t)o,
zezeb(h)i, see zaz(z)abi,
ziara |;Wj> ?*«^« jWi> ^^' ?;^j >
^ ^ ^
to go to visit or salute anyone,
C 37 ziara TmaUaanm salute the
Mallams ; B 162 en ^e madina
en yi ziarata to go to Mecca
to visit it ; B 1 68 ziui madina
zamu ziara nai (we will go) to
Medina, we will salute him.
ziaya* ^y E 1 1, 20 [for jiyaya ?]
understanding, used with yi =
to understand.
zigazigai, bellows ; cf . zuga, mazi-
ga, mazigi, = Ar. \Jfj.
zikir, see zikri.
zikka, a large bag made of skin;
cf . zakka.
zikri (Jjh>y D 2, B 88. zikir*
j.^j C 37, Ar. j&i, to make
invocations to God, to pray
to God, mtma zikri we pray.
ij
zilla* ^JS, Ar. Jji id., humiliation ;
^ lObn, ka ga zUla thou wilt
see humiliation.
sdna 0; A 55, F 180, zina Ui E 21
(cf. Ar. Uj and »Uj), whoring,
adultery; E21 da fashishiwan
zina babu amre and concerning
evil living without marriage;
^ J ^
F 180 masuzina U^fU, pro-
fligates; yin zina to be pro-
fligate, maizvna^hi adulterer,
maizina^hia adulteress.
zinaria bjU^, zinaria ^j^j
F 219 (cf. Ar. Ju^, a gold coin,
Gr. SrjvapioVf Lat. denarius),
gold, e.g. P 219 suradi kua na
zinaria ga kowa there shall be
golden saddles for everyone.
zinder jJJj, the name of a large
town in Hausaland.
ziniy a point ; cf . tsini.
zinke, a little spike of straw; cl
tsinki,
zipka* [^ (cf. (1) Ar. kXa^, of
coarse and gross texture), a
cloth put over a native saddle
with two large holes to fit the
projecting points of the saddle.
zira* \jiy Ar. ciji, cubit; cf. dira,
zir{r)away see seq.
zir{r)e ^jjt to lower a bucket into
a well; participial form zir-
^<»
{r)awa IjgJ, lowering.
- ^0
zimania L^Ujj, a cloud pro-
ducing a shower, or a cloud
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N
268
Wii
threatening but not producing
rain ; cf . ginaria,
zo ^i, to come, with da ~ to come
with a thing, i.e. to bring it.
zua l^i, zauwa* Ijj^, particip.
form = coming, used with pro-
nouns ending in na to form
pres., e.g. muna zita we are
coming, ya ztui and ziui are
often employed with any num-
ber or person to express *to,
unto,' e.g. 8u taffi ya zua so-
koto they went to Sokoto ;
B 174 hal ya zua yanzu even
to the present time; D 100
muna godia zua ga allah we
give thanks to God ; cf . za,
zohe y^^j and zohi ^^j (cf. Ar.
f^y to stamp with a seal),
a ring ; zoben shaida seal-ring,
seal; zohen or zohin kaya
handle of a box, etc.
zohiy see prec.
zofo*, an incorrect form of tsofo
old.
zogi ^^j, sharp pain; cf. (?)
8hag{g)i,
zoma*, to dip ; cf . tsoma.
zomu or zomo ytj, pL zomai ^y^j
(cf. Ar. ^yji swift, an adj.
spec, applied to the hare),
hare.
fionaf to stop ; cf . zamna.
zonkutsa* \JoJu^f possibly related
to tunhude; F 93 «w zonkut-
aaka shikkin {chihkin) kushewa
they thrust thee into the
grave.
zotoa/ri ^j^J (cf. (1) Ar. jyo, to
be inclined to, to desire), 1.
covetousness, ravening, vora-
city, cf. (?) zar(r)i* ; 2. a flat
piece of salt cut out of a block.
zua, a participial form of zoy q.v.
zu^ ztta*, by and by, cf. prec. or
the expression may be a cor-
ruption of the Ar. fi\ya »\yat
just so ; cf. sua sua,
zub(b)a bj (A 78), vi (^ 3),
zub{b)o yij or ^uha* ^^,*^i Ar.
^^,0^i 1. tr. to pour, pour out,
2. intr. to gush out, leak.
Other forms tr. are zub{p)as
(.Htj) zubasda jum^J, to pour
out, implying accident or in-
jury, to throw out, throw away;
zubda jLfj, to upset, esp. to
upset water; zub(Jb)u y^ji
intr. v. rua ya znhu the rain
pours down; zvhuwa or zu-
buwa tj[^i, particip. form, e.g.
F 115, 189, l^^fufu da hanji
na zubuwa their lungs also
and bowels shall be poured
out.
zvhas, zubasday zubda, see prec.
zub{b)i ijih bright iron wrought
into cups, etc., for use.
zuh{f>)Oy zub{b)uy see zuh{b)a,
zvhuta* U^j, a small red turban
with a white border.
^chia l^S B 37, Q^i D 67, pi.
zukata U^i, and zutochi ^Jyihi
1. the heart, e.g. D 67- ; 2. fig.
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W^J
269
}J^}
as fche seat of feelings, desires,
passions; zv^hia hiu (lit. two
hearts) doubt, hesitation, de-
ceitfulness ; ka/ramin zuchia
littleness of heart is only
used in a bad sense; ma-
ganan zuchia used as an
exclamation of astonishment.
Hence the word zuchia heart
is used as a periphr. for one-
self ; cf. B 37, 38 ahi wanda
zuchiata rinjayi he who over-
comes his own heart.
zufa bj^j, akin (?) to zafi^ q.v.,
1. heat, perspiration = jibbi;
2. s^jj) to perspire. 01 dirrir
hujin zufa red beads.
m^a ty US) to blow with bellows.
zigazigm ^^JL^S, zigazigat
^^jUj or zugazuganta UU^iUi,
bellows, F 188 malaiku au taai-
da zugazuganta the angels will
lift up bellows, mazigi ^>U,
a man who blows a fire with
bellows, maziga L^>L«, the
stick fixed into the bellows.
zugu ^^J, native burial-cloth;
chini da zugu the name of a
plant with a red flower and
poisonous nut; its name is
equivalent to, prepare to die
if you eat me.
zuin{n)a* Otj, to seal, possibly
connected with zayen{n)a^ q.v.
to illuminate.
zukatta ^^A^ (cf. Ar. Sl^, alms),
to ask for help ; cf . zak(k)a.
zulbi ^jy a water-bird with a
naked beak about 8 in. long.
zulumi ^i (cf. (?) Ar. JJlL,
fraud), doubt, fear, B 69, E 36
U}€me kaka zulumi whoever of
you is afraid ; cf . taalimi.
zumay see zumtui.
zvma U>, zuma* Uj and zumu
J J ^ 3 J
y^if pi. zumuna U«i (cf. Ar.
Su^ clientship, client), friend,
brother, zumunchi ^J.JL^S,
clan feeling, friendship, e.g.
A, 4:7 da rikun zumunchi ya(n)
uwa a^chikkin ga/ri and main-
tained friendship with his
brethren in the city, D 30
aso allah aso zumunchi love
God, love friendship, zumunta
cJ^i, id. D 31.
zuma^ faintness ; cf . auma,
X J Si ^
zuTTumii jtX^j (cf. Ar. j^^ ii, to
impress anything on the me-
mory), a list or memorandum
of goods written on paper, any-
thing written, a memorandum.
zumane*y faint; cf. aumxi,
zumhuda* «Xt3>, F 107 to beat.
zumra* j^j^ the title of the 39th
sura of the Koran alluded to
in F 158, V. note.
zumu^ see zum^,
zvmvua Syoj or zuma Uj F 230,
honey ; kvdan zumua a bee.
zumunchi f zvmnwntaj friendship ;
cf. zuma,
zumurruz* jj^J, Ar. i^j id.,
emerald, F 227.
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(^«**i
zunde {£J^j9 f/^n zunde to laugh
at, deride; to pout the lips at.
J OJ
zungo 3^J) a halting-place for the
night, camp ; (iagga hayan zun-
go outside the camp.
zungo ^jui, yuj or zango yOy
a hundred cowrie shells.
ztmtsia LiflJj, a grass used for
making mats; ci, (T) tsinUiya,
zunvhiy see seq.
zunufi ^^i, ^y> or a;wnu6t*
^^yS (D 12), Ar. 4-^5, sin,
evil.
ztmziuif bird ; cf . tsuntstui.
zurfi sjjj, ^^ (cf. Ar. s>^,
270 ijA^iJ
the steep side of a hill), depth,
D 82 zurfinta ya fi gabban
michcUi its depth exceeds all
comparison.
zuria* Cjj (cf. (?) Ar. cjj), lin-
eage (?).
zurma Ujj, oil obtained from
nuts ; used for rubbing camels
with, but not used as food.
zumako ^SsMjj, wasp.
zwru* ^j^J, to look steadfastly,
to gaze; generally used in a
bad sense.
ztoakia ie^jj (cf. (?) Ar. tJ^jJ, to
adorn), small beads worn by
women on the forehead.
OAMBRIPO^ : ?BlNTm> BT J« ANp C^ F, CLAT, AT THV UNXVBRSrTT PRB88.
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BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
SPECIMENS OF HAUSA LITERATURE
CONSISTING OF POEMS AND HISTOEICAL EXTEACTS
REPEODUCED IN FACSIMILE IN THE OEIGINAL
CHARACTEE WITH
TRANSLATION, TRANSLITERATION AND NOTES
Small 4to. lOs.
The Translation, Transliteration and Notes, without the facsimiles, 5«.
aottOott : C. J. CLAY and SONS,
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE,
AVE MAHIA LANE.
OIa00oto: 263, AEGTLE STREET.
HAUSA GEAMMAE
WITH EXERCISES, READINGS AND VOCABULARY
Being a Volume of
TRUBNER'S COLLECTION OF SIMPLIFIED GRAMMARS
Crown 8vo. 58.
The ATHENMXJM says: — "The hook is a distinct contribution to the study
of a language still greatly in need of elucidation."
aottOon : KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO. Ltd.
PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING CROSS ROAD, W.C.
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